when-jest
v3.5.2
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An extension lib for jest
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jest-when
Specify dynamic return values for specifically matched mocked function arguments. Flexible matchers. Feels like canonical jest syntax.
ThoughtWorks says:
jest-when is a lightweight JavaScript library that complements Jest by matching mock function call arguments. Jest is a great tool for testing the stack; jest-when allows you to expect specific arguments for mock functions which enables you to write more robust unit tests of modules with many dependencies. It's easy to use and provides great support for multiple matchers, which is why our teams have made jest-when their default choice for mocking in this space.
Introduction
jest-when
allows you to use a set of the original
Jest mock functions in order to train
your mocks only based on parameters your mocked function is called with.
An Example
So in jest if you want to mock a return value you would do:
const fn = jest.fn()
fn.mockReturnValue('yay!')
But that will return "yay!" regardless of what arguments are send to the fn
. If you want to change the return value
based on the arguments, you have to use mockImplementation
and it can be a bit cumbersome.
jest-when
makes this easy and fun!
when(fn).calledWith(1).mockReturnValue('yay!')
Now, the mock function fn
will behave as follows—assuming no other trainings took place:
- return
yay!
if called with1
as the only parameter - return
undefined
if called with any parameters other than1
So the steps are:
const fn = jest.fn() // 1) Start with any normal jest mock function
when(fn) // 2) Wrap it with when()
.calledWith(/* any matchers here */) // 3) Add your matchers with calledWith()
.mockReturnValue(/* some value */) // 4) Then use any of the normal set of jest mock functions
The supported set of mock functions is:
mockReturnValue
mockReturnValueOnce
mockResolvedValue
mockResolvedValueOnce
mockRejectedValue
mockRejectedValueOnce
mockImplementation
mockImplementationOnce
For extended usage see the examples below.
Features
- Match literals:
1
,true
,"string"
,/regex/
,null
, etc - Match objects or arrays:
{ foo: true }
,[1, 2, 3]
- Match asymmetric matchers: expect.any(), expect.objectContaining(), expect.stringMatching(), etc
- Setup multiple matched calls with differing returns
- Chaining of mock trainings
- Replacement of mock trainings
- One-time trainings, removed after they are matched
- Promises, resolved or rejected
- Can also wrap jest.spyOn functions with when()
- Supports function matchers
- Setup a default behavior
- Supports resetting mocks between tests
- Supports verifying all whenMocks were called
Usage Examples
Installation
npm i --save-dev jest-when
Basic usage:
import { when } from 'jest-when'
const fn = jest.fn()
when(fn).calledWith(1).mockReturnValue('yay!')
expect(fn(1)).toEqual('yay!')
Supports chaining of mock trainings:
when(fn)
.calledWith(1).mockReturnValue('yay!')
.calledWith(2).mockReturnValue('nay!')
expect(fn(1)).toEqual('yay!')
expect(fn(2)).toEqual('nay!')
Thanks to @fkloes.
when(fn)
.calledWith(1)
.mockReturnValueOnce('yay!')
.mockReturnValue('nay!')
expect(fn(1)).toEqual('yay!')
expect(fn(1)).toEqual('nay!')
Thanks to @danielhusar.
Supports replacement of mock trainings:
when(fn).calledWith(1).mockReturnValue('yay!')
expect(fn(1)).toEqual('yay!')
when(fn).calledWith(1).mockReturnValue('nay!')
expect(fn(1)).toEqual('nay!')
This replacement of the training only happens for mock functions not ending in *Once
.
Trainings like mockReturnValueOnce
are removed after a matching function call anyway.
Thanks to @fkloes.
Supports training for single calls
when(fn).calledWith(1, true, 'foo').mockReturnValueOnce('yay!')
when(fn).calledWith(1, true, 'foo').mockReturnValueOnce('nay!')
expect(fn(1, true, 'foo')).toEqual('yay!')
expect(fn(1, true, 'foo')).toEqual('nay!')
expect(fn(1, true, 'foo')).toBeUndefined()
Supports Promises, both resolved and rejected
when(fn).calledWith(1).mockResolvedValue('yay!')
when(fn).calledWith(2).mockResolvedValueOnce('nay!')
await expect(fn(1)).resolves.toEqual('yay!')
await expect(fn(1)).resolves.toEqual('yay!')
await expect(fn(2)).resolves.toEqual('nay!')
expect(await fn(2)).toBeUndefined()
when(fn).calledWith(3).mockRejectedValue(new Error('oh no!'))
when(fn).calledWith(4).mockRejectedValueOnce(new Error('oh no, an error again!'))
await expect(fn(3)).rejects.toThrow('oh no!')
await expect(fn(3)).rejects.toThrow('oh no!')
await expect(fn(4)).rejects.toThrow('oh no, an error again!')
expect(await fn(4)).toBeUndefined()
Supports jest.spyOn:
const theSpiedMethod = jest.spyOn(theInstance, 'theMethod');
when(theSpiedMethod)
.calledWith(1)
.mockReturnValue('mock');
const returnValue = theInstance.theMethod(1);
expect(returnValue).toBe('mock');
Supports jest asymmetric matchers:
Use all the same asymmetric matchers available to the toEqual()
assertion
when(fn).calledWith(
expect.anything(),
expect.any(Number),
expect.arrayContaining(false)
).mockReturnValue('yay!')
const result = fn('whatever', 100, [true, false])
expect(result).toEqual('yay!')
Supports function matchers:
Just wrap any regular function (cannot be a jest mock or spy!) with when
.
The function will receive the arg and will be considered a match if the function returns true.
It works with both calledWith and expectCalledWith.
const allValuesTrue = when((arg) => Object.values(arg).every(Boolean))
const numberDivisibleBy3 = when((arg) => arg % 3 === 0)
when(fn)
.calledWith(allValuesTrue, numberDivisibleBy3)
.mockReturnValue('yay!')
expect(fn({ foo: true, bar: true }, 9)).toEqual('yay!')
expect(fn({ foo: true, bar: false }, 9)).toEqual(undefined)
expect(fn({ foo: true, bar: false }, 13)).toEqual(undefined)
Supports compound declarations:
when(fn).calledWith(1).mockReturnValue('no')
when(fn).calledWith(2).mockReturnValue('way?')
when(fn).calledWith(3).mockReturnValue('yes')
when(fn).calledWith(4).mockReturnValue('way!')
expect(fn(1)).toEqual('no')
expect(fn(2)).toEqual('way?')
expect(fn(3)).toEqual('yes')
expect(fn(4)).toEqual('way!')
expect(fn(5)).toEqual(undefined)
Supports matching or asserting against all of the arguments together using when.allArgs
:
Pass a single special matcher, when.allArgs
, if you'd like to handle all of the arguments
with one function matcher. The function will receive all of the arguments as an array and you
are responsible for returning true if they are a match, or false if not. The function also is
provided with the powerful equals
utility from Jasmine.
This allows some convenient patterns:
- Less verbose for variable args where all need to be of a certain type or match (e.g. all numbers)
- Can be useful for partial matching, because you can assert just the first arg for example and ignore the rest
E.g. All args should be numbers:
const areNumbers = (args, equals) => args.every(arg => equals(arg, expect.any(Number)))
when(fn).calledWith(when.allArgs(areNumbers)).mockReturnValue('yay!')
expect(fn(3, 6, 9)).toEqual('yay!')
expect(fn(3, 666)).toEqual('yay!')
expect(fn(-100, 2, 3.234234, 234, 90e3)).toEqual('yay!')
expect(fn(123, 'not a number')).toBeUndefined()
E.g. Single arg match:
const argAtIndex = (index, matcher) => when.allArgs((args, equals) => equals(args[index], matcher))
when(fn).calledWith(argAtIndex(0, expect.any(Number))).mockReturnValue('yay!')
expect(fn(3, 6, 9)).toEqual('yay!')
expect(fn(3, 666)).toEqual('yay!')
expect(fn(-100, 2, 3.234234, 234, 90e3)).toEqual('yay!')
expect(fn(123, 'not a number')).toBeUndefined()
E.g. Partial match, only first defined matching args matter:
const fn = jest.fn()
const partialArgs = (...argsToMatch) => when.allArgs((args, equals) => equals(args, expect.arrayContaining(argsToMatch)))
when(fn)
.calledWith(partialArgs(1, 2, 3))
.mockReturnValue('x')
expect(fn(1, 2, 3)).toEqual('x')
expect(fn(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6)).toEqual('x')
expect(fn(1, 2)).toBeUndefined()
expect(fn(1, 2, 4)).toBeUndefined()
Assert the args:
Use expectCalledWith
instead to run an assertion that the fn
was called with the provided
args. Your test will fail if the jest mock function is ever called without those exact
expectCalledWith
params.
Disclaimer: This won't really work very well with compound declarations, because one of them will always fail, and throw an assertion error.
when(fn).expectCalledWith(1).mockReturnValue('x')
fn(2); // Will throw a helpful jest assertion error with args diff
Supports default behavior
Use any of defaultReturnValue
, defaultResolvedValue
, defaultRejectedValue
, defaultImplementation
to set up a default behavior, which will serve as fallback if no matcher fits.
when(fn)
.calledWith('foo').mockReturnValue('special')
.defaultReturnValue('default') // This line can be placed anywhere, doesn't have to be at the end
expect(fn('foo')).toEqual('special')
expect(fn('bar')).toEqual('default')
Or if you use any of mockReturnValue
, mockResolvedValue
, mockRejectedValue
, mockImplementation
directly on the object
before using calledWith
it will also behave as a default fallback.
// Same as above example
when(fn)
.mockReturnValue('default')
.calledWith('foo').mockReturnValue('special')
expect(fn('foo')).toEqual('special')
expect(fn('bar')).toEqual('default')
One idea is to set up a default implementation that throws an error if an improper call is made to the mock.
when(fn)
.calledWith(correctArgs)
.mockReturnValue(expectedValue)
.defaultImplementation(unsupportedCallError)
// A default implementation that fails your test
function unsupportedCallError(...args) {
throw new Error(`Wrong args: ${JSON.stringify(args, null, 2)}`);
}
Supports custom mockImplementation
You could use this to call callbacks passed to your mock fn or other custom functionality.
const cb = jest.fn()
when(fn).calledWith(cb).mockImplementation(callbackArg => callbackArg())
fn(cb)
expect(cb).toBeCalled()
Thanks to @idan-at.
Supports reseting mocks between tests
You could use this to prevent mocks from carrying state between tests or assertions.
const { when, resetAllWhenMocks } = require('jest-when')
const fn = jest.fn()
when(fn).expectCalledWith(1).mockReturnValueOnce('x')
expect(fn(1)).toEqual('x')
resetAllWhenMocks()
when(fn).expectCalledWith(1).mockReturnValueOnce('z')
expect(fn(1)).toEqual('z')
Thanks to @whoaa512.
Supports verifying that all mocked functions were called
Call verifyAllWhenMocksCalled
after your test to assert that all mocks were used.
const { when, verifyAllWhenMocksCalled } = require('jest-when')
const fn = jest.fn()
when(fn).expectCalledWith(1).mockReturnValueOnce('x')
expect(fn(1)).toEqual('x')
verifyAllWhenMocksCalled() // passes
const { when, verifyAllWhenMocksCalled } = require('jest-when')
const fn = jest.fn()
when(fn).expectCalledWith(1).mockReturnValueOnce('x')
verifyAllWhenMocksCalled() // fails
Thanks to @roaclark.
Contributors (in order of contribution)
- @timkindberg (original author)
- @jonasholtkamp (forked @ https://github.com/jonasholtkamp/jest-when-xt)
Many thanks to @jonasholtkamp. He forked this repo when I was inactive and stewarded several key features and bug fixes!