npm package discovery and stats viewer.

Discover Tips

  • General search

    [free text search, go nuts!]

  • Package details

    pkg:[package-name]

  • User packages

    @[username]

Sponsor

Optimize Toolset

I’ve always been into building performant and accessible sites, but lately I’ve been taking it extremely seriously. So much so that I’ve been building a tool to help me optimize and monitor the sites that I build to make sure that I’m making an attempt to offer the best experience to those who visit them. If you’re into performant, accessible and SEO friendly sites, you might like it too! You can check it out at Optimize Toolset.

About

Hi, 👋, I’m Ryan Hefner  and I built this site for me, and you! The goal of this site was to provide an easy way for me to check the stats on my npm packages, both for prioritizing issues and updates, and to give me a little kick in the pants to keep up on stuff.

As I was building it, I realized that I was actually using the tool to build the tool, and figured I might as well put this out there and hopefully others will find it to be a fast and useful way to search and browse npm packages as I have.

If you’re interested in other things I’m working on, follow me on Twitter or check out the open source projects I’ve been publishing on GitHub.

I am also working on a Twitter bot for this site to tweet the most popular, newest, random packages from npm. Please follow that account now and it will start sending out packages soon–ish.

Open Software & Tools

This site wouldn’t be possible without the immense generosity and tireless efforts from the people who make contributions to the world and share their work via open source initiatives. Thank you 🙏

© 2024 – Pkg Stats / Ryan Hefner

structural-comparison

v1.1.2

Published

a common function library

Downloads

2

Readme

JavaScript中的模式匹配

模式是用于转换输入数据的规则。 以将数据与一个或多个逻辑结构进行比较,将数据分解为各个构成部分,或以各种方式从数据中提取信息。

安装

JavaScript已经实现模式匹配解构功能,没有实现模式匹配过滤功能。用模式来控制程序流,可以编写更加声明性,更加模块化的代码,请安装structural-comparison以支持此功能。

npm i structural-comparison

用法:

import { match } from 'structural-comparison'

match: (pattern:string) -> (input:any) -> boolean

match是一个柯里函数,模式参数是一个字符串,输入参数可以是任何值,当匹配成功返回真,否则返回假。

示例

模式匹配分为字面量模式,类型测试模式,标识符模式,数组模式,对象模式,OR模式,以及它们的组合嵌套模式。

字面量模式

测试原子值。模式是基元值字面量,支持JSON中的所有字面量。包括null,布尔值,数字值,字符串值。字符串是JSON的双引号格式。不支持undefinedNaNInfinity等非JSON值。

test("value NULL", () => {
    let y = match('null')
    expect(y(null)).toEqual(true)
    expect(y(3)).toEqual(false)
})

这里y函数等价于:

let y = input => input === null

输入对象相等(===)于模式。

其他字面量模式的示例:

test("value boolean", () => {
    let y = match('false')
    let v = y(false)
    let w = y(3)
    expect(v).toEqual(true)
    expect(w).toEqual(false)
})

test("value number", () => {
    let y = match('123')
    let v = y(123)
    let w = y(3)
    expect(v).toEqual(true)
    expect(w).toEqual(false)
})

test("value quote", () => {
    let y = match('""')
    let v = y('')
    let w = y(3)
    expect(v).toEqual(true)
    expect(w).toEqual(false)
})

类型模式

测试数据的数据类型。模式是数据类型的名称,不带双引号。包括boolean,string,number,function

test("value TYPE", () => {
    let y = match('number')
    let v = y(5)
    let w = y(true)
    expect(v).toEqual(true)
    expect(w).toEqual(false)
})

这里y函数等价于:

let y = input => typeof input === 'number'

输入对象typeof值等于模式中的数据类型名称。

标识符模式

是一个合法的JavaScript标识符,除了标识符不包括$字符,但是不能是类型名称。模式中的标识符和类型名都是区分大小写的,这和JavaScript语法一致。标识符模式始终成功匹配任何一个值。

test("value ID", () => {
    let y = match('x')
    let v = y(5)
    let w = y({})
    expect(v).toEqual(true)
    expect(w).toEqual(true)
})

通配模式虽然是标识符,但实际上,是一个弃元(discard),弃元表示一个我们完全用不上的数值。仅用于占位。相同的名称不会引起名称冲突。

数组模式

匹配一个数组。数组匹配根据数组元素长度分为长度严格匹配,和最短长度匹配。严格匹配示例:

test("value array", () => {
    let y = match('[]')
    let v = y([])
    let w = y({})
    expect(v).toEqual(true)
    expect(w).toEqual(false)
})

test("array elements", () => {
    let input = '[1]'
    let y = match(input)
    let v = y([1])
    let w = y([{ x: 0 }])
    expect(v).toEqual(true)
    expect(w).toEqual(false)
})

test("elements elements value", () => {
    let input = '[1, 2]'
    let y = match(input)
    let v = y([1, 2])
    let w = y([null, 1])
    expect(v).toEqual(true)
    expect(w).toEqual(false)
})

如果有省略号表示可以匹配任何更多的数组元素。最短长度匹配:

test("array ELLIPSIS", () => {
    let input = '[...]'
    let y = match(input)
    let v = y([1])
    let w = y({})
    expect(v).toEqual(true)
    expect(w).toEqual(false)
})
test("array elements ELLIPSIS", () => {
    let input = '[null, ...]'
    let y = match(input)
    let v = y([null])
    let w = y([null, 0])
    let p = y([0])

    expect(v).toEqual(true)
    expect(w).toEqual(true)
    expect(p).toEqual(false)
})
test("array ELLIPSIS elements", () => {
    let input = '[ ..., null]'
    let y = match(input)
    let v = y([null])
    let w = y([0, null])
    let p = y([null, 0])

    expect(v).toEqual(true)
    expect(w).toEqual(true)
    expect(p).toEqual(false)
})

test("array elements ELLIPSIS elements", () => {
    let y = match('[1,2,...,4,5]')
    let v = y([1,2,3,4,5])
    let w = y([1,2,3])
    expect(v).toEqual(true)
    expect(w).toEqual(false)
})

数组语法不支持洞(连续逗号),不支持尾逗号。不支持迭代器。

数组模式大致编译成如下:

let y = input => Array.isArray(input) && every elements matched

对象模式

匹配一个对象。如果有省略号表示对象可以有任何更多的属性。只检测自有属性,忽略原型中的属性。对象语法支持特殊标识属性,快捷属性,属性不支持尾逗号。

test("value object", () => {
    let input = '{}'
    let y = match(input)
    let v = y({})
    let w = y({ x: 0 })
    
    expect(v).toEqual(true)
    expect(w).toEqual(false)
})

test("object ELLIPSIS", () => {
    let input = '{...}'
    let y = match(input)
    let v = y({})
    let w = y({ x: 0 })
    let p = y([])

    expect(v).toEqual(true)
    expect(w).toEqual(true)
    expect(p).toEqual(false)

})

test("object properties", () => {
    let input = '{x}'
    let y = match(input)
    let v = y({ x: 0 })
    let w = y([null, 1])
    
    expect(v).toEqual(true)
    expect(w).toEqual(false)
})

test("object properties ELLIPSIS", () => {
    let input = '{x,...}'
    let y = match(input)
    let v = y({ x: 0, y: 1 })
    let w = y({})
    
    expect(v).toEqual(true)
    expect(w).toEqual(false)
})
test("properties properties prop", () => {
    let input = '{x,y}'
    let y = match(input)
    let v = y({ x: 0, y: 1 })
    let w = y({})
    
    expect(v).toEqual(true)
    expect(w).toEqual(false)
})

test("prop key value", () => {
    let input = '{x:null}'
    let y = match(input)
    let v = y({ x: null })
    let w = y([null, 1])
    
    expect(v).toEqual(true)
    expect(w).toEqual(false)

})

test("key QUOTE", () => {
    let input = '{"1":null}'
    let y = match(input)
    let v = y({ '1': null })
    let w = y([null, 1])
    
    expect(v).toEqual(true)
    expect(w).toEqual(false)
})

对象模式编译成:

let y = obj => typeof obj === 'object' && obj && !Array.isArray(obj) && every props matched

OR模式

或模式,用一个竖杠符号连接两个模式,两个模式中任何一个模式成功即整体匹配成功。

test("OR", () => {
    let y = match('string|{...}')
    let a = y('')
    let b = y({})
    let c = y([])
    let d = y(x => x)
    expect(a).toEqual(true)
    expect(b).toEqual(true)
    expect(c).toEqual(false)
    expect(d).toEqual(false)
})

OR模式编译成:

let y = obj => pat1 matched || pat2 matched

嵌套模式。匹配任意深度数据结构。

memoize解析的结果

上面的代码示例都用match(pattern)来缓存,但是实际上,我们常用if else条件选择语句来和模式匹配连用。

    let y = x => {
        if (match('[...]')(x)) console.log('[]')
        else if (match('{...}')(x)) console.log('{}')
        else if (match('string')(x)) console.log('string')
    }
    y([1]) // print []

这个是没有缓存的程序,每次调用y函数都会重新解析模式,对性能造成负面冲击。所以,我们需要缓存。

    let arr = match('[...]')
    let obj = match('{...}')
    let str = match('string')
    let y = x => {
        if (arr(x)) console.log('[]')
        else if (obj(x)) console.log('{}')
        else if (str(x)) console.log('string')
    }
    y([1]) // print []

上面程序成功解决了性能问题,避免重复解析,但是引入中间变量导致代码复杂难懂。我们使用另一种解决方案。

import { match, cond } from 'structural-comparison'

let y = cond([
        [match('[...]'), x => { console.log('[]') }],
        [match('{...}'), x => { console.log('{}') }],
        [match('string'), x => { console.log('string') }],
        x => {
            console.log('no matched!')
        }
    ])

    y([1]) // print []
    y({})  // print {}
    y(1)   // print no matched!

cond函数是一个返回函数的组合子,用来模拟if else语句。它接受一个数组,数组的每个元素代表条件语句的一个分支。分支分为两种形式,第一种是断言函数,和行为函数组成的数组,当断言为真时,执行并返回行为,断言为假时跳过行为函数,执行下一分支。第二种是一个函数,当函数为真时,返回函数的返回值,当函数为假时,丢弃函数返回值,执行下一分支。cond函数依次执行每个分支,返回第一个为真的分支结果为整体的结果。忽略其后所有分支。