import { mock, when } from 'strong-mock';

interface Foo {
  bar: (x: number) => string;
}

const foo = mock<Foo>();

when(() => foo.bar(23)).thenReturn('I am strong!');

console.log(foo.bar(23)); // 'I am strong!'

Table of Contents

• Features
  • Type safety
  • Matchers
  • Awesome error messages
  • Works with Promises and Errors
• Installation
• Requirements
• API
  • Mock
    • Mocking types and interfaces
    • Mocking functions
  • When
    • Setting expectations
    • Setting multiple expectations
    • Matchers
    • Creating your own matcher
  • Then
    • Setting invocation count expectations
    • Returning promises
    • Throwing errors
  • Verify
    • Verifying expectations
  • Reset
    • Resetting expectations
• Mock options
  • Unexpected property return value
  • Exact params
  • Concrete matcher
• FAQ
  • Why do I have to set all expectations first?
  • Why do I have to set a return value even if it's undefined?
  • Why do I get a Didn't expect mock to be called error?
  • Can I partially mock a concrete implementation?
  • How do I set expectations on setters?
  • How do I provide a function for the mock to call?
  • Can I spread or enumerate a mock?
  • Why does typeof mock() return function?
  • How can I ignore undefined keys when setting expectations on objects?
  • How can I verify order of calls?

Features

Type safety

The mocks will share the same types as your production code, and you can safely refactor in an IDE knowing that all usages will be updated.

Matchers

You can use matchers to partially match values, or create complex expectations, while still maintaining type safety.

Awesome error messages

Failed expectations will print a visual diff, and even integrate with the IDE.

import { mock, when } from 'strong-mock';

const fn = mock<(pos: { x: number; y: number }) => boolean>();

when(() =>
  fn(
    It.containsObject({
      x: It.isNumber(),
      y: It.matches<number>((y) => y > 0)
    })
  )
).thenReturn(true);

fn({ x: 1, y: -1 });

Works with Promises and Errors

import { mock, when } from 'strong-mock';

const fn = mock<(id: number) => Promise<string>>();

when(() => fn(42)).thenResolve('foo');
when(() => fn(-1)).thenReject('oops');

console.log(await fn(42)); // foo

try {
  await fn(-1);
} catch (e) {
  console.log(e.message); // oops
}

Installation

npm i -D strong-mock

yarn add -D strong-mock

pnpm add -D strong-mock

Requirements

strong-mock requires an environment that supports the ES6 Proxy object. This is necessary to create dynamic mocks from types because TypeScript does not support reflection i.e. exposing the type info at runtime.

API

Mock

Mocking types and interfaces

Pass in the type or interface to the generic argument of mock:

interface Foo {
  bar: (x: number) => string;
  baz: number;
}

const foo = mock<Foo>();

when(() => foo.bar(23)).thenReturn('awesome');
when(() => foo.baz).thenReturn(100);

console.log(foo.bar(23)); // 'awesome'
console.log(foo.baz); // 100

Mocking functions

You can also mock function types:

type Fn = (x: number) => number;

const fn = mock<Fn>();

when(() => fn(1)).thenReturn(2);

console.log(fn(1)); // 2

When

Setting expectations

Expectations are set by calling the mock inside a when callback and setting a return value.

when(() => foo.bar(23)).thenReturn('awesome');

Setting multiple expectations

You can set as many expectations as you want by calling when multiple times. If you have multiple expectations with the same arguments they will be consumed in the order they were created.

when(() => foo.bar(23)).thenReturn('awesome');
when(() => foo.bar(23)).thenReturn('even more awesome');

console.log(foo.bar(23)); // awesome
console.log(foo.bar(23)); // even more awesome

Matchers

Sometimes you're not interested in specifying all the arguments in an expectation. Maybe they've been covered in another test, maybe they're hard to specify e.g. callbacks, or maybe you want to match just a property from an argument.

const fn = mock<
  (x: number, data: { values: number[]; labels: string[] }) => string
>();

when(() => fn(
  It.isAny(),
  It.containsObject({ values: [1, 2, 3] })
)).thenReturn('matched!');

console.log(fn(
  123, 
  { values: [1, 2, 3], labels: ['a', 'b', 'c'] })
); // 'matched!'

You can mix matchers with concrete arguments:

when(() => fn(42, It.isPlainObject())).thenReturn('matched');

Available matchers:

• deepEquals - the default, uses deep equality,
• is - uses Object.is for comparison,
• isAny - matches anything,
• isNumber - matches any number,
• isString - matches any string, can search for substrings and patterns,
• isArray - matches any array, can search for subsets,
• isPlainObject - matches any plain object,
• containsObject - recursively matches a subset of an object,
• willCapture - matches anything and stores the received value,
• matches - build your own matcher.

The following table illustrates the differences between the equality matchers:

| expected | actual | It.is | It.deepEquals | It.deepEquals({ strict: false }) | |--------------------|----------------------|-----------|-----------------|------------------------------------| | "foo" | "foo" | equal | equal | equal | | { foo: "bar" } | { foo: "bar" } | not equal | equal | equal | | { } | { foo: undefined } | not equal | not equal | equal | | new (class {})() | new (class {})() | not equal | not equal | equal |

Some matchers, like containsObject and isArray support nesting matchers:

It.containsObject({
  foo: It.isString()
})

It.isArray([
  It.containsObject({
    foo: It.isString(/foo/)
  })
])

It.willCapture is a special matcher that will match any value and store it, so you can access it outside an expectation. This could be useful to capture a callback and then test it separately.

type Cb = (value: number) => number;

const fn = mock<(cb: Cb) => number>();

const matcher = It.willCapture<Cb>();
when(() => fn(matcher)).thenReturn(42);

console.log(fn(23, (x) => x + 1)); // 42
console.log(matcher.value?.(3)); // 4

Creating your own matcher

You can create arbitrarily complex and type safe matchers with It.matches():

const fn = mock<(x: number, y: string) => string>();

when(() => fn(
  It.matches(x => x > 0),
  It.matches(y => y.startsWith('foo'))
)).thenReturn('matched');

The types are automatically inferred, but you can also specify them explicitly through the generic parameter, which is useful if you want to create reusable matchers:

const startsWith = (expected: string) => It.matches<string>(
  actual => actual.startsWith(expected)
);

when(() => fn(42, startsWith('foo'))).thenReturn('matched');

fn(42, 'foobar') // 'matched'

You can also customize how the matcher is printed in error messages, and how the diff is printed:

const closeTo = (expected: number, precision = 0.01) => It.matches<number>(
  actual => Math.abs(expected - actual) <= precision,
  {
    toString: () => `closeTo(${expected}, ${precision})`,
    getDiff: (actual) => {
      const diff = Math.abs(expected - actual);
      const sign = diff < 0 ? '-' : '+';
      
      return {
        actual: `${actual} (${sign}${diff})`,
        expected: `${expected} ±${precision}`,
      };
    }
  }
);

when(() => fn(closeTo(1), 'foo')).thenReturn('matched');

fn(2, 'foo');

Then

Setting invocation count expectations

By default, each call is expected to be made only once. You can expect a call to be made multiple times by using the invocation count helpers between, atLeast, times, anyTimes etc.:

const fn = mock<(x: number) => number>();

when(() => fn(1)).thenReturn(1).between(2, 3);

console.log(fn(1)); // 1
console.log(fn(1)); // 1
console.log(fn(1)); // 1
console.log(fn(1)); // throws because the expectation is finished

You'll notice there is no never() helper - if you expect a call to not be made simply don't set an expectation on it and the mock will throw if the call happens.

Returning promises

If you're mocking something that returns a promise then you'll be able to use the thenResolve promise helper to set the return value.

type Fn = (x: number) => Promise<number>;

const fn = mock<Fn>();

when(() => fn(1)).thenResolve(42);

console.log(await fn(1)); // 42

You can also use thenReturn with a Promise value:

when(() => fn(1)).thenReturn(Promise.resolve(42));

Throwing errors

Use thenThrow or thenReject to throw an Error instance. You can customize the error message, or even pass a derived class.

type Fn = (x: number) => void;
type FnWithPromise = (x: number) => Promise<void>;

class MyError extends Error {}

const fn = mock<Fn>();
const fnWithPromise = mock<FnWithPromise>();

// All of these will throw an Error instance.
when(() => fn(1)).thenThrow();
when(() => fn(2)).thenThrow(MyError);
when(() => fnWithPromise(1)).thenReject('oops');

Verify

Verifying expectations

Calling verify(myMock) will make sure that all expectations set on the mock have been met, and that no additional calls have been made.

const fn = mock<(x: number) => number>();

when(() => fn(1)).thenReturn(1).between(2, 10);

verify(fn); // throws UnmetExpectations

It will also throw if any unexpected calls happened that were maybe caught in the code under test.

const fn = mock<() => void>();

try {
  fn(); // throws because the call is unexpected
} catch(e) {
  // your code might transition to an error state here
}

verify(fn); // throws UnexpectedCalls

It is recommended that you call verify() on your mocks at the end of every test. This will make sure you don't have any unused expectations in your tests and that your code did not silently catch any of the errors that are thrown when an unexpected call happens. You can use verifyAll() to check all existing mocks.

afterEach(() => {
  verifyAll();
});

Reset

Resetting expectations

You can remove all expectations from a mock by using the reset() method:

const fn = mock<(x: number) => number>();

when(() => fn(1)).thenReturn(1);

reset(fn);

fn(1); // throws

If you create common mocks that are shared by multiple tests you should reset them before each test. You can use resetAll() to reset all existing mocks.

beforeEach(() => {
  resetAll();
});

Mock options

The following options can be set per mock, or globally with setDefaults.

import { mock, when, setDefaults } from 'strong-mock';

setDefaults({
  exactParams: true
});

// Uses the new default.
const superStrictMock = mock<() => void>();
// Overrides the default.
const strictMock = mock<() => void>({ exactParams: false });

Unexpected property return value

You can control what happens whenever an unexpected property is accessed, or an unexpected call is made.

import { mock, when, UnexpectedProperty } from 'strong-mock';

type Foo = {
  bar: (value: number) => number;
}

// This is the default.
const callsThrow = mock<Foo>({
  unexpectedProperty: UnexpectedProperty.CALL_THROW
});

// Accessing properties with no expectations is fine.
callsThrow.bar;
// Throws "Didn't expect bar(42) to be called".
callsThrow.bar(42);

const propertiesThrow = mock<Foo>({
  unexpectedProperty: UnexpectedProperty.THROW
});

// Throws "Didn't expect property bar to be accessed".
propertiesThrow.bar;
// Throws "Didn't expect property bar to be accessed".
propertiesThrow.bar(42);

Exact params

By default, function/method expectations will allow more arguments to be received than expected. Since the expectations are type safe, the TypeScript compiler will never allow expecting less arguments than required. Unspecified optional arguments will be considered ignored, as if they've been replaced with matchers.

import { mock } from 'strong-mock';

const fn = mock<(value?: number) => number>();

when(() => fn()).thenReturn(42).twice();

// Since the expectation doesn't expect any arguments,
// both of the following are fine
console.log(fn()); // 42
console.log(fn(1)); // 42

If you're not using TypeScript, or you want to be super strict, you can set exactParams: true.

import { mock } from 'strong-mock';

const fn = mock<(optionalValue?: number) => number>({
  exactParams: true
});

when(() => fn()).thenReturn(42).twice();

console.log(fn()); // 42
console.log(fn(1)); // throws

Concrete matcher

You can configure the matcher that will be used in expectations with concrete values e.g. 42 or { foo: "bar" }. This matcher can always be overwritten inside an expectation with another matcher.

import { mock, when, It } from 'strong-mock';

// Use strict equality instead of deep equality.
const fn = mock<(x: number[], y: string) => boolean>({
  concreteMatcher: It.is
});
when(() => fn([1, 2, 3], 'foo')).thenReturn(true);

fn([1, 2, 3], 'foo'); // throws because different array instances

const arr = [1, 2, 3];
// The matcher will only apply to non-matcher arguments.
when(() => fn(arr, It.isString())).thenReturn(true);
console.log(fn(arr, 'any string')); // true

FAQ

Why do I have to set all expectations first?

This library is different from other mocking/spying libraries you might have used before such as sinon or jest. Whereas those libraries are focused on recording calls to the mocks and always returning something, strong-mock requires you to set your expectations upfront. If a call happens that is not expected the mock will throw an error.

This design decision has a few reasons behind it. First, it forces you to be aware of what your code needs from its dependencies. Spying libraries encourage checking those needs at the end of the test after the code has already called the mocks. This can lead to tests missing dependency calls that just happen to not throw any error at runtime with the dummy values that the spies return.

Secondly, it will highlight potential design problems such as violations of the SOLID principles. If you find yourself duplicating expectations between tests and passing dummy values to them because your test is not concerned with them, then you might want to look into splitting the code to only depend on things it really needs.

Why do I have to set a return value even if it's undefined?

To make side effects explicit and to prevent future refactoring headaches. If you had just when(() => fn()), and you later changed fn() to return a number, then your expectation would become incorrect and the compiler couldn't check that for you.

Why do I get a Didn't expect mock to be called error?

This error happens when your code under test calls a mock that didn't have a matching expectation. It could be that the arguments received didn't match the ones set in the expectation (see matchers), or the call was made more than the allowed number of times (see invocation count expectations).

In rare cases, the code under test may try to inspect the mock by accessing special properties on it. For instance, wrapping a mock in Promise.resolve() will try to access a .then property on it. strong-mock returns stub values for most of these, but if you find another one feel free to open an issue with a minimal reproduction.

Unfortunately, not all of these cases can be covered with stub values, and you may have to slightly adjust your code to work around this issue.

Can I partially mock a concrete implementation?

No, passing a concrete implementation to mock() will be the same as passing a type: all properties will be mocked, and you have to set expectations on the ones that will be accessed.

How do I set expectations on setters?

You currently can't do that. Please use a normal method instead e.g. setFoo() vs set foo().

How do I provide a function for the mock to call?

There is no thenCall() method because it can't be safely typed - the type for thenReturn() is inferred from the return type in when, meaning that the required type would be the return value for the function, not the function itself. However, we can leverage this by setting an expectation on the function property instead:

interface Foo {
  bar: (x: number) => string;
}

const foo = mock<Foo>();

when(() => foo.bar).thenReturn(x => `called ${x}`);

console.log(foo.bar(23)); // 'called 23'

The function in thenReturn() will be type checked against the actual interface, so you can make sure you're passing in an implementation that makes sense. Moreover, refactoring the interface will also refactor the expectation (in a capable IDE).

Can I spread or enumerate a mock?

Yes, and you will only get the properties that have expectations on them.

const foo = mock<{ bar: number; baz: number }>();
when(() => foo.bar).thenReturn(42);

console.log(Object.keys(foo)); // ['bar']

const foo2 = { ...foo };

console.log(foo2.bar); // 42
console.log(foo2.baz); // undefined

Why does typeof mock() return function?

All mocks and methods on them are functions in order to intercept function calls.

How can I ignore undefined keys when setting expectations on objects?

Use the It.deepEquals matcher explicitly inside when and pass { strict: false }:

const fn = mock<(x: { foo: string, bar?: string }) => boolean>();

when(() => fn(
  It.deepEquals({ foo: "bar" }, { strict: false }))
).thenReturn(true);

fn({ foo: "bar", baz: undefined }) === true

You can set this behavior to be the default by configuring the concrete matcher.

setDefaults({
  concreteMatcher: (expected) => It.deepEquals(expected, { strict: false })
});

How can I verify order of calls?

when() expectations can be satisfied in any order. If your code under test depends on a specific order of execution, consider redesigning it to remove the coupling before the different calls.