simple-headless-chrome

Important version >= 3.3.0

Version 3.3.0 includes a new feature that allows managing browser tabs.

This new feature comes with some breaking changes that will allow us future scalability.

To avoid problems for people that uses version >= 3.3.0 of this module, we supported those breaking changes with methods that will be deprecated in version 4.0.0.

Introduction

This is an abstraction to use a Headless version of Google Chrome in a very simple way. I was inspired by the next projects:

• Doffy (https://github.com/qieguo2016/doffy)
• Horseman (https://github.com/johntitus/node-horseman)
• chrome-remote-interface (https://github.com/cyrus-and/chrome-remote-interface)
• lighthouse (https://github.com/googlechrome/lighthouse)

And I had to read a lot here too:

• https://developers.google.com/web/updates/2017/04/headless-chrome
• https://chromedevtools.github.io/devtools-protocol

And you can also use this in heroku thanks to https://github.com/heroku/heroku-buildpack-google-chrome

I built this basically because I got tired of an error I received in an edge case when using PhantomJS (Unhandled reject Error: Failed to load url). So I decided to make my own abstraction, to be used in a heroku app, and simple to use as Horseman.

I didn't have time to document here in the readme, but every method in the source code is documented.

It's really simple to use. I hope I can get some time to make a QuickStart guide + document the API methods here.

You can read my post in Medium about this module: How to tell to a headless Google Chrome to write a post in Medium for you

You can check a video of the module in action clicking in the image below

Features

• Easy to use
• Multiples Tabs navigation
• Private tab navigation (incognito mode)
• Cookies management
• Full-size screenshots
• Export to PDF
• Docker compatible

And comming soon...

• Video capture (yes, you'll be able to record your navigation and save it as a video or gif)

Collaboration

If you want to collaborate with the project, in any way (documentation, examples, fixes, etc), just send a PR :)

If you rock at making tests, it would be very useful if you can help us making this module better. It's not necesary to build all the tests, but if someone knows how to code the base to add tests to this module, it would really help for someone else to start with this part.

Thank you to everyone who already help submitting a PR! :D

Installation

1) Install Google Chrome Headless

In your PC

Mac: Chrome Headless is shipped in Chrome Canary. You can install it here: https://www.google.com/chrome/browser/canary.html

Linux: Chrome headless is shipped on chrome 59. so you can install Chrome 59 to use the headless mode:

https://askubuntu.com/questions/79280/how-to-install-chrome-browser-properly-via-command-line

sudo apt-get install libxss1 libappindicator1 libindicator7
wget https://dl.google.com/linux/direct/google-chrome-stable_current_amd64.deb
sudo dpkg -i google-chrome*.deb  # Might show "errors", fixed by next line
sudo apt-get install -f

In a NodeJS Heroku App

Just add the buildpack for Heroku and vualá! Everything is ready You can check the buildpack repository here: https://github.com/heroku/heroku-buildpack-google-chrome

Using a Docker image

With the addition of Chrome Remote Interface into Chrome 59, a simple way to install is using the Docker image for Chrome Headless, such as https://hub.docker.com/r/justinribeiro/chrome-headless/ or https://hub.docker.com/r/yukinying/chrome-headless/

If using Docker, in your app, configure for headless as follows:

const browser = new HeadlessChrome({
  headless: true,
  launchChrome: false,
  chrome: {
    host: 'localhost',
    port: 9222, // Chrome Docker default port
    remote: true,
  },
  browserlog: true
})

2) Install the NPM Module

npm install --save simple-headless-chrome

Compatibility

Thanks to @lewisf, simple-headless-chrome is compatible on NodeJS >= 4! I hope more persons can benefit of this now :)

Usage

const HeadlessChrome = require('simple-headless-chrome')

const browser = new HeadlessChrome({
  headless: true, // If you turn this off, you can actually see the browser navigate with your instructions,
  chrome: {
    userDataDir: '/tmp/headlessDataDir' // This can be null, so a tmp folder will be created and then destroyed
  }
})

Once you have the browser instance, you can call the methods to interact with it.

Methods

inject

Injects JavaScript in the page

Modules available: jQuery, jquery, jQuery.slim and jquery.slim

Parameters

• moduleOrScript string Javascript code, file, url or name of the module to inject.

Examples

inject('jquery')

You can use jsdelivr to inject any npm or github package in the page

inject('https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/lodash@4/lodash.min.js')

inject('https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/jquery@3/dist/jquery.min.js')

You can inject a local Javascript file

inject('./custom-file.js')

inject(__dirname + '/path/to/file.js')

Note: the path will be resolved with `require.resolve()` so you can include
files that are in `node_modules` simply by installing them with NPM

inject('jquery/dist/jquery.min')

inject('lodash/dist/lodash.min')

injectRemoteScript

Injects a remote script in the page

Parameters

• src string Url to remote JavaScript file

Examples

injectRemoteScript(https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/2.2.0/jquery.min.js)

injectScript

Injects code in the DOM as script tag

Parameters

• script string Code to be injected and evaluated in the DOM

evaluate

Evaluates a fn in the context of the browser

Parameters

• fn {function} - The function to evaluate in the browser
• args ...any {*} - The arguments to pass to the function

evaluateAsync

Evaluates an async fn in the context of the browser

Parameters

• fn {function} - The function to evaluate in the browser
• args ...any {*} - The arguments to pass to the function

evaluateOnNode

Evaluates a fn in the context of a passed node

Parameters

• node NodeObject The Node Object used to get the context
• fn {function} - The function to evaluate in the browser
• args ...any {*} - The arguments to pass to the function

goTo

Navigates to a URL

Parameters

• url string The URL to navigate to
• opt (optional, default {})
• options object The options object. options:

Properties

• timeout number Time in ms that this method has to wait until the "pageLoaded" event is triggered. If the value is 0 or false, it means that it doesn't have to wait after calling the "Page.navigate" method

getNodeValue

Get the value of an Node.

Parameters

• node NodeObject The Node Object

Returns object Object containing type and value of the element

getValue

Get the value of an element.

Parameters

• selector string The target selector
• frameId string The FrameID where the selector should be searched

Returns object Object containing type and value of the element

setNodeValue

Set the value of an element.

Parameters

• node NodeObject The Node Object
• value string The value to set the node to (it may be an array of values when the node is a multiple "HTMLSelectElement")

setValue

Set the value of an element.

Parameters

• selector string The selector to set the value of.
• value string? The value to set the selector to
• frameId string The FrameID where the selector should be searched

fill

Fills a selector of an input or textarea element with the passed value

Parameters

• selector string The selector
• value string The value to fill the element matched in the selector
• frameId string The FrameID where the selector should be searched

clear

Clear an input field.

Parameters

• selector string The selector to clear.
• frameId string The FrameID where the selector should be searched

querySelector

Returns the node associated to the passed selector

Parameters

• selector string The selector to find
• frameId string The FrameID where the selector should be searched

focus

Focus on an element matching the selector

Parameters

• selector string The selector to find the element
• frameId string The FrameID where the selector should be searched

type

Simulate a keypress on a selector

Parameters

• selector string The selector to type into.
• text string The text to type.
• frameId string The FrameID where the selector should be searched
• opts
• options object Lets you send keys like control & shift

typeText

Types text (doesn't matter where it is)

Parameters

• text string The text to type.
• opts
• options object Lets you send keys like control & shift

select

Select a value in an html select element.

Parameters

• selector string The identifier for the select element.
• value string The value to select.
• frameId string The FrameID where the selector should be searched

keyboardEvent

• See: https://chromedevtools.github.io/devtools-protocol/tot/Input/#method-dispatchKeyEvent

Fire a key event.

Parameters

• type string The type of key event. (optional, default keypress)
• key string The key to use for the event. (optional, default null)
• modifier number The keyboard modifier to use. (optional, default 0)
• windowsVirtualKeyCode (optional, default 0)

wait

Waits certain amount of ms

Parameters

• time number Ammount of ms to wait

onConsole

Binding callback to handle console messages

Parameters

• listener is a callback for handling console message

waitForPageToLoad

Waits for a page to finish loading. Throws error after timeout

Parameters

• timeout number The timeout in ms. (Default: "loadPageTimeout" property in the browser instance options)

waitForFrameToLoad

Waits for all the frames in the page to finish loading. Returns the list of frames after that

Parameters

• url (regexp | string) The URL that must be waited for load
• timeout

Returns object List of frames, with childFrames

waitForSelectorToLoad

Waits for a selector to finish loading. Throws error after timeout

Parameters

• selector string The identifier for the select element.
• interval number The interval in ms. (Default: "loadPageTimeout" property in the browser instance options)
• timeout number The timeout in ms. (Default: "loadPageTimeout" property in the browser instance options)

mouseEvent

• See: https://chromedevtools.github.io/devtools-protocol/tot/Input/#method-dispatchMouseEvent

Fire a mouse event.

Parameters

• $0 Object
  • $0.type (optional, default 'mousePressed')
  • $0.x (optional, default 0)
  • $0.y (optional, default 0)
  • $0.modifiers (optional, default 0)
  • $0.button (optional, default 'left')
  • $0.clickCount (optional, default 1)
• type string Type of the mouse event. Allowed values: mousePressed, mouseReleased, mouseMoved. (optional, default mousePressed)
• x number X coordinate of the event relative to the main frame's viewport. (optional, default 0)
• y number Y coordinate of the event relative to the main frame's viewport. 0 refers to the top of the viewport and Y increases as it proceeds towards the bottom of the viewport. (optional, default 0)
• modifier number Bit field representing pressed modifier keys. Alt=1, Ctrl=2, Meta/Command=4, Shift=8 (default: 0). (optional, default 0)
• button string Mouse button (default: "none"). Allowed values: none, left, middle, right. (optional, default left)

click

Click on a selector by firing a 'click event' directly in the element of the selector

Parameters

• selector string Selector of the element to click
• frameId string The FrameID where the selector should be searched

clickOnSelector

Clicks left button hover the centroid of the element matching the passed selector

Parameters

• selector string?
• frameId string The FrameID where the selector should be searched

getNodeCentroid

Calculates the centroid of a node by using the boxModel data of the element

Parameters

• nodeId string The Node Id

Returns object { x, y } object with the coordinates

getCookies

Get the browser cookies

Returns object Object with all the cookies

setCookie

Set the browser cookies

Parameters

• name string The name of the cookie.
• value string The value of the cookie.
• options (optional, default {})
• url string The request-URI to associate with the setting of the cookie.

Properties

• options object Options object
• domain string? If omitted, the cookie becomes a host-only cookie
• path string? Defaults to the path portion of the url parameter
• secure boolean? Defaults to false.
• httpOnly boolean? Defaults to false.
• sameSite string? Represents the cookie's 'SameSite' status: https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-west-first-party-cookies
• expirationDate number? If omitted, cookie becomes a session cookie }} options - additional options for setting the cookie (more info here: https://chromedevtools.github.io/devtools-protocol/tot/Network/#method-setCookie)

Returns boolean True if successfully set cookie

clearBrowserCookies

Clear the browser cookies

exist

Checks if an element matches the selector

Parameters

• selector string The selector string
• frameId string The FrameID where the selector should be searched

Returns boolean Boolean indicating if element of selector exists or not

visible

Checks if an element matching a selector is visible

Parameters

• selector string The selector string
• frameId string The FrameID where the selector should be searched

Returns boolean Boolean indicating if element of selector is visible or not

getScreenshot

Takes a screenshot of the page and returns it as a string

Parameters

• captureOptions object Options object Options properties:
  • captureOptions.format (optional, default 'png')
  • captureOptions.quality
  • captureOptions.clip (optional, default {x:0,y:0,width:this.options.deviceMetrics.width,height:this.options.deviceMetrics.height,scale:this.options.deviceMetrics.deviceScaleFactor})
  • captureOptions.fromSurface
  • captureOptions.selector
  • captureOptions.fullPage
• returnBinary boolean If true, returns as binary. Otherwise, returns a base64 string (optional, default false)

Properties

• format string? Image compression format (defaults to png). Allowed values: jpeg, png.
• quality integer? Compression quality from range [0..100] (jpeg only).
• clip ViewPort? Capture the screenshot of a given viewport/region only (https://chromedevtools.github.io/devtools-protocol/tot/Page/#type-Viewport)
• fromSurface boolean? Capture the screenshot from the surface, rather than the view. Defaults to false. EXPERIMENTAL
• selector string? The selector to be captured. If empty, will capture the page
• fullPage boolean? If true, captures the full page height

Returns string Binary or Base64 string with the image data

saveScreenshot

Saves a screenshot of the page

Parameters

• fileName string Path and Name of the file (without the extension) (optional, default `screenshot-${Date.now()}`)
• captureOptions object Options object Options properties: (optional, default {})
  • captureOptions.format (optional, default 'png')
  • captureOptions.quality
  • captureOptions.clip
  • captureOptions.fromSurface
  • captureOptions.selector
  • captureOptions.fullPage

Properties

• format string Image compression format (defaults to png). Allowed values: jpeg, png.
• quality integer Compression quality from range [0..100] (jpeg only).
• clip ViewPort Capture the screenshot of a given region only (https://chromedevtools.github.io/devtools-protocol/tot/Page/#type-Viewport)
• fromSurface boolean Capture the screenshot from the surface, rather than the view. Defaults to false. EXPERIMENTAL
• selector string? The selector to be captured. If empty, will capture the page
• fullPage boolean? If true, captures the full page height

Returns string Binary or Base64 string with the image data

printToPDF

Prints the page to PDF

Parameters

• options (optional, default {})
• returnBinary boolean If true, returns as binary. Otherwise, returns a base64 string (optional, default false)

Properties

• landscape boolean Paper orientation. Defaults to false.
• displayHeaderFooter boolean Display header and footer. Defaults to false.
• printBackground boolean Print background graphics. Defaults to false.
• scale number Scale of the webpage rendering. Defaults to 1.
• paperWidth number Paper width in inches. Defaults to 8.5 inches.
• paperHeight number Paper height in inches. Defaults to 11 inches.
• marginTop number Top margin in inches. Defaults to 1cm (~0.4 inches).
• marginBottom number Bottom margin in inches. Defaults to 1cm (~0.4 inches).
• marginLeft number Left margin in inches. Defaults to 1cm (~0.4 inches).
• marginRight number Right margin in inches. Defaults to 1cm (~0.4 inches).
• pageRanges string Paper ranges to print, e.g., '1-5, 8, 11-13'. Defaults to the empty string, which means print all pages. }} options - Options object

Returns string Binary or Base64 string with the PDF data

savePdf

Saves a PDF file of the page

Parameters

• fileName string Path and Name of the file (optional, default `pdf-${Date.now()}`)
• options (optional, default {})

Properties

• landscape boolean Paper orientation. Defaults to false.
• displayHeaderFooter boolean Display header and footer. Defaults to false.
• printBackground boolean Print background graphics. Defaults to false.
• scale number Scale of the webpage rendering. Defaults to 1.
• paperWidth number Paper width in inches. Defaults to 8.5 inches.
• paperHeight number Paper height in inches. Defaults to 11 inches.
• marginTop number Top margin in inches. Defaults to 1cm (~0.4 inches).
• marginBottom number Bottom margin in inches. Defaults to 1cm (~0.4 inches).
• marginLeft number Left margin in inches. Defaults to 1cm (~0.4 inches).
• marginRight number Right margin in inches. Defaults to 1cm (~0.4 inches).
• pageRanges string Paper ranges to print, e.g., '1-5, 8, 11-13'. Defaults to the empty string, which means print all pages. }} options - PDF options

getSelectorViewport

Get the Viewport of the element matching a selector

Parameters

• selector string The selector string
• frameId string The FrameID where the selector should be searched

Returns Viewport Object with the viewport properties (https://chromedevtools.github.io/devtools-protocol/tot/Page/#type-Viewport)

getFrames

Get the list of frames in the loaded page

Returns object List of frames, with childFrames

resizeFullScreen

Resize viewports of the page to full screen size

handleDialog

Accepts or dismisses a JavaScript initiated dialog (alert, confirm, prompt, or onbeforeunload)

Parameters

• accept boolean Whether to accept or dismiss the dialog (optional, default true)
• promptText string? The text to enter into the dialog prompt before accepting. Used only if this is a prompt dialog. (optional, default '')

post

Post data from the browser context

Parameters

• url string The URL or path to POST to
• data object? The data object to be posted (optional, default {})
• options object? Options of the request (optional, default {})

Returns object Request status and data

value

TODO: Take the value from the DOM Node. For some reason, there're some pages where is not possible to get the textarea value, as its nodeId refreshes all the time

setNodeValue

TODO: Take the value from the DOM Node. For some reason, there're some pages where is not possible to get the textarea value, as its nodeId refreshes all the time

browserIsInitialized

Checks if the browser is initialized. Exits the process if it's not

fixSelector

As the selectors may contain colons, it's necessary to escape them in order to correctly match an element

Parameters

• selector string The selector string

Returns string The selector with colons escaped (One backslash to escape the ':' for CSS, and other to escape the first one for JS)

promiseTimeout

Runs a promise and throws an error if it's not resolved before the timeout

Parameters

• promise promise The promise to run
• timeout number The timeout time, in ms

interleaveArrayToObject

Transforms an interleave array into a key - value object

Parameters

• interleaveArray array The interleave array

Returns object The key value object

objectToEncodedUri

Given an object, transforms it's properties to a URL encoded string

Parameters

• object object The object to transform

Returns string The URL Enconded object

sleep

Creates some delay

Parameters

• delay number Delay in miliseconds

Returns promise The promise that will solve after the delay

Example

const HeadlessChrome = require('simple-headless-chrome')

const browser = new HeadlessChrome({
  headless: true // If you turn this off, you can actually see the browser navigate with your instructions
  // see above if using remote interface
})
async function navigateWebsite() {
  try {
    await browser.init()

    const mainTab = await browser.newTab({ privateTab: false })

    // Navigate to a URL
    await mainTab.goTo('http://www.mywebsite.com/login')

    // Fill an element
    await mainTab.fill('#username', 'myUser')

    // Type in an element
    await mainTab.type('#password', 'Yey!ImAPassword!')

    // Click on a button
    await mainTab.click('#Login')

    // Log some info in your console
    await mainTab.log('Click login')

    // Wait some time! (2s)
    await mainTab.wait(2000)

    // Log some info in your console, ONLY if you started the app in DEBUG mode (DEBUG='HeadlessChrome*' npm start)
    await mainTab.debugLog('Waiting 5 seconds to give some time to all the redirects')

    // Navigate a little...
    await mainTab.goTo('http://www.mywebsite.com/myProfile')

    // Check the select current value
    const myCurrentSubscriptionPlan = await mainTab.getValue('#subscriptionSelect')
    console.log(myCurrentSubscriptionPlan) // {type: 'string', value: '1 month' }

    // Edit the subscription
    await mainTab.select('#subscriptionSelect', '3 months')
    await mainTab.click('#Save')

    // Resize the viewport to full screen size (One use is to take full size screen shots)
    await mainTab.resizeFullScreen()

    // Take a screenshot
    await mainTab.saveScreenshot('./shc.png')

    // Get a HTML tag value based on class id
    const htmlTag = await mainTab.evaluate(function(selector) {
        const selectorHtml = document.querySelector(selector)
        return selectorHtml.innerHTML
    }, '.main'); // returns innerHTML of first matching selector for class "main"

    // Close the browser
    await browser.close()
  } catch (err) {
    console.log('ERROR!', err)
  }
 }
 navigateWebsite()

TODO:

Better docs

Add more methods

• [x] .waitForSelector
• [x] .setCookie (set individual cookie) Thanks @saidganim !
• [ ] .setCookies (set a full object of cookies, like the one from .getCookies())

Support more Chrome flags

• [x] --disable-translate
• [x] --disable-extensions
• [x] --no-first-run
• [x] And many more! Only those useful... All supported thanks to @hugorodrigues. Now just pass an array in the init settings, like this:

const browser = new HeadlessChrome({
    headless: false, // If you turn this off, you can actually see the browser navigate with your instructions
    chrome: {
      flags: [
        '--use-fake-device-for-media-stream',
        '--use-fake-ui-for-media-stream'
      ]
    }
  })

And more...

• [ ] Handle xpath besides regular selectors

• [ ] Separate the methods in the actions file in actions per Domain (see left menu here: https://chromedevtools.github.io/devtools-protocol/tot/)

• [x] Allow adding new targets/tabs and controlling them at the same time (https://github.com/cyrus-and/chrome-remote-interface#cdpnewoptions-callback and https://github.com/cyrus-and/chrome-remote-interface/wiki/Inspect-a-new-tab). Thanks @iyttor ! This was a great contribution! :D

• [ ] Improve existing methods: .getCookies - Should receive a cookie name and return only that one, or all the cookies if no key is specified

• [x] Bypass Certificate Errors (https://github.com/cyrus-and/chrome-remote-interface/wiki/Bypass-certificate-errors-(%22Your-connection-is-not-private%22)) Thanks @trevan !

• [x] Add Target domain API So we can create tabs: https://chromedevtools.github.io/devtools-protocol/tot/Target/#method-createTarget

Tests

I was thinking on using this HTML page to make all the tests: https://github.com/cbracco/html5-test-page

It'd be great to have some unit tests for each HTML element; besides, those test may be useful examples for everyone.

More examples!!!