simple-access

v2.0.3

Published

9 months ago

Attribute-Role-Based Hybrid Access Control Library

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access access control rbac abac

Simple Access

Attribute-Role-Based Hybrid Access Control Library

V2.0 Breaking Changes The conditions property has been removed from the action object due to its side effects. Instead, you can use the scope property to add custom attributes and validate them using application logic.

Installation

npm install simple-access --save

Features

Hybrid access control with the best features from RBAC & ABAC
Ability to filter resource data based on granted permission
Simplicity & flexibility

Introduction

Access control is a security technique that regulates who or what can view or use resources in a computing environment.

Access Control involves:

Preventing unauthorized users from gaining access to resources
Preventing legitimate users from accessing resources in an unauthorized manner
Enabling legitimate users to access resources in an authorized manner

RBAC

Role-Based Access Control is a policy-neutral access-control mechanism defined around roles and privileges assigned to a user. RBAC is an additive model, so if you have overlapping role assignments, your effective grants are the union of your role assignments.

Example: If we have an API the provides data to eCommerce application, we may have a role of manager with access to a resource product and allowed actions ["create", "read", "update"], and another role operation with access to a resource product and allowed actions ["archive"]. So Any users with both manager and operation roles will be able to ["create", "read", "update", "archive"] products.

ABAC

Attribute-Based Access Control provides access to users based on who they are rather than what they do.

Components

Subject

An entity capable of accessing resources.

Resource

An entity that contains and/or receives information to which access is controlled, like "Files", "Messages".

Role

Role is the level of access given to subject (user or business entity) when this role assigned to it, it is properly viewed as a semantic construct around which access control policy is formulated.

Role may grant access to one or more unique resources
Resource may grant access to resource with based on one or more unique actions
Action may have list of attributes that can be used to filter resource data

Subject (User or business entity) can have one or more roles assigned based on their responsibilities and qualifications.

Role Schema

{
    "name": "string",
    "resources": [
        {
            "name": "string",
            "actions": [
                {
                    "name": "string",
                    "attributes": ["string"],
                    "scope": "object"
                }
            ]
        }
    ]
}

Scope is just an object that may include any metadata to be used but applications to evaluate additional constraints on subject based on application business logic.

Permission

Permission describes the way in which a subject may access a resource

Permission Schema

{
	"granted": "boolean",
	"access": {
		"roles": ["string"],
		"action": "string",
		"resource": "string"
	},
	"grants": "object",
	"attributes": ["string"],
	"scope": "object"
}

Roles Storage

This library does not handle roles storage and management (Not the library concern), It has a basic MemoryAdapter implemented by extending BaseAdapter , If you need to handle more complex scenarios you will probably need to extend BaseAdapter implementing your own storage for example using [MySQL, MongoDB, Redis]

Memory Adapter

Memory adapter is a built-in roles adapter that stores all roles data into memory with simple structure.

Implement Custom Roles Adapter

You can implement your own roles adapter by extending BaseAdapter class and implement getRolesByName method, considering that the getRolesByName can return Array<Role> or Promise<Array<Role>> and you can define the return type when creating your adapter class.

Example:

import { BaseAdapter, Role, ErrorEx } from "simple-access";

export class MemoryAdapter<
    R extends [string, string, string]
> extends BaseAdapter<R, Array<Role<R>>> {
    private _roles: Array<Role<R>>;
    private _cache: { [k: string]: Role<R> } = {};

    constructor(roles: Array<Role<R>>) {
        super("MemoryAdapter");
        this.setRoles(roles);
    }

    setRoles(roles: Array<Role<R>>): void {
        if (roles == null || !Array.isArray(roles) || roles.length === 0) {
            throw new ErrorEx(
                ErrorEx.VALIDATION_ERROR,
                `Missing/Invalid roles array in "${this.constructor.name}"`
            );
        }

        this._roles = roles;
        this._cache = {};
        // Cache roles by name
        this._roles.forEach((role: Role<R>) => {
            // this.validateGrant(grant, true);
            this._cache[role.name] = role;
        });
    }

    getRoles(): Array<Role<R>> {
        return this._roles;
    }

    getRolesByName(names: Array<Role<R>["name"]>): Array<Role<R>> {
        const result: Array<Role<R>> = [];

        if (names == null) {
            throw new ErrorEx(
                ErrorEx.VALIDATION_ERROR,
                `Roles names array can not be null or undefined`
            );
        }

        for (let i = 0; i < names.length; i += 1) {
            if (this._cache[names[i]] != null) {
                result.push(this._cache[names[i]]);
            }
        }

        return result;
    }
}

How Simple Access Works?

Subject (user or business entity) assigned one or more roles
Subject request access to a resource
Simple Access check subject set of roles to validate access to provided resource and action
Simple Access returns permission object

Let's use the following set of roles as an example:

import type { Role } from "simple-access";

type RoleNamesType = "administrator" | "operation";
type ResourceNamesType = "product" | "order" | "file";
type ActionNamesType = "create" | "read" | "update" | "delete"
type RoleDefinition = [RoleNamesType, ResourceNamesType, ActionNamesType]

const roles: Role<RoleDefinition>[] = [
  {
    "name": "administrator",
    "resources": [
      {"name": "product", "actions": ["*"]},
      {"name": "order", "actions": ["*"]},
      {"name": "file", "actions": ["*"]}
    ]
  },
  {
    "name": "operation",
    "resources": [
      {
        "name": "product",
        "actions": [
          {"name": "create", "attributes": ["*"]},
          {"name": "read", "attributes": ["*"]},
          {"name": "update", "attributes": ["*","!history"]},
          {
            "name": "delete",
            "attributes": ["*"]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "name": "order",
        "actions": [
          {"name": "create", "attributes": ["*"]},
          {"name": "read", "attributes": ["*"]},
          {"name": "update", "attributes": ["*"]}
        ]
      }
    ]
  }
];

Validating Access With Single Role

You can check access using can method: can(role: Array<string> | string, action: string, resource: string): Promise<Permission> | Permission

Check subject (with "operation" role) permission to "read" the resource "order", please note that can method return type depends on the return type of getRolesByName method in the adaptor you are using. In the following example the getRolesByName method in the MemoryAdaptor return type is Array<Role>

import {
    type Role,
    SimpleAccess,
    MemoryAdapter
} from "simple-access";
import type {
    RoleDefinition
} from './roles';

type RoleNamesType =
    "administrator"
    | "operation";
type ResourceNamesType =
    "product"
    | "order"
    | "file";
type ActionNamesType =
    "create"
    | "read"
    | "update"
    | "delete"
type RoleDefinition = [RoleNamesType, ResourceNamesType, ActionNamesType]

const roles: Role<RoleDefinition>[] = [
    {
        "name": "administrator",
        "resources": [
            {
                "name": "product",
                "actions": ["*"]
            },
            {
                "name": "order",
                "actions": ["*"]
            },
            {
                "name": "file",
                "actions": ["*"]
            }
        ]
    },
    {
        "name": "operation",
        "resources": [
            {
                "name": "product",
                "actions": [
                    {
                        "name": "create",
                        "attributes": ["*"]
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "read",
                        "attributes": ["*"]
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "update",
                        "attributes": ["*", "!history"]
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "delete",
                        "attributes": ["*"]
                    }
                ]
            },
            {
                "name": "order",
                "actions": [
                    {
                        "name": "create",
                        "attributes": ["*"]
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "read",
                        "attributes": ["*"]
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "update",
                        "attributes": ["*"]
                    }
                ]
            }
        ]
    }
];

const adapter = new MemoryAdapter(roles);
const simpleAccess = new SimpleAccess<RoleDefinition, typeof adapter>(adapter);

const permission = simpleAccess.can("operation", "read", "order");
if (permission.granted) {
    console.log("Permissin Granted");
}

The returned permission

{
    "granted": true,
    "access": {
        "roles": [
            "operation"
        ],
        "action": "read",
        "resource": "order"
    },
    "grants": {
        "product": {
            "create": {
                "name": "create",
                "attributes": [
                    "*"
                ]
            }
        }
    },
    "attributes": [
        "*"
    ],
    "scope": {}
}

can function only checks if subject with assigned role operation can access the resource order through read action, It will not filter resource data, as this functionality provided through other functions and needs additional information to work properly.

Validating Access with Overlapped Roles

Simple Access will merge overlapped roles before validation according to these details:

Resources are merged (Union). If subject assigned the previous set of roles ["administrator", "operation"] then this subject will have access to these resource ["product", "order", "file"]
Actions are merged (Union), and the most permissive action will override.
- Role A with resource order and actions * will override role B with actions ["read", "create"]
- Role A with resource order and actions ["read", "update"] and role B with actions ["create", "delete"] will be merged in one resource order with actions ["read", "update", "create", "delete"]
Attributes are merged, and the most permissive attributes will override.
- Attributes ["*"] will override attributes ["name", "age", "!address"]
- Attributes ["name", "age"] will merge with attributes ["address"] into new attributes array ["name", "age", "address"]
- Attributes ["*", "!address"] will be merged with attributes ["age"] into new attributes array ["*", "!address"]
- Attributes ["*", "!age"] will be merged with attributes ["*", "!image", "!address"] into new attributes array ["*"] and ["age" , "image", "address"] will be allowed because they are not negated from both sides
- Attributes ["*", "!age"] will be merged with attributes ["image"] into new attributes array ["*", "!age"] and "image" attributes will be omitted because its by default allowed

Projected (Allowed) attributes gets merged based on a union operation Negated (Not allowed) attributes gets merged based on intersection operation

Scopes are merged (Union), and the most permissive scope will override.
- Empty scope {} will override all other scopes
- Scope {"group": 123} will be merged with scope {"tenant": 321} into:
```
{
    "group": 123,
    "tenant": 321
}	    
```

Example:

import {
    type Role,
    SimpleAccess,
    MemoryAdapter
} from "simple-access";
import type {
    RoleDefinition
} from './roles';

type RoleNamesType =
    "administrator"
    | "operation";
type ResourceNamesType =
    "product"
    | "order"
    | "file";
type ActionNamesType =
    "create"
    | "read"
    | "update"
    | "delete"
type RoleDefinition = [RoleNamesType, ResourceNamesType, ActionNamesType]

const roles: Role<RoleDefinition>[] = [
    {
        "name": "administrator",
        "resources": [
            {
                "name": "product",
                "actions": ["*"]
            },
            {
                "name": "order",
                "actions": ["*"]
            },
            {
                "name": "file",
                "actions": ["*"]
            }
        ]
    },
    {
        "name": "operation",
        "resources": [
            {
                "name": "product",
                "actions": [
                    {
                        "name": "create",
                        "attributes": ["*"]
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "read",
                        "attributes": ["*"]
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "update",
                        "attributes": ["*", "!history"]
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "delete",
                        "attributes": ["*"]
                    }
                ]
            },
            {
                "name": "order",
                "actions": [
                    {
                        "name": "create",
                        "attributes": ["*"]
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "read",
                        "attributes": ["*"]
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "update",
                        "attributes": ["*"]
                    }
                ]
            }
        ]
    }
];

const adapter = new MemoryAdapter(roles);
const simpleAccess = new SimpleAccess<RoleDefinition, typeof adapter>(adapter);

const permission = simpleAccess.can(["operation", "support"], "read", "order");

if(permission.granted) {
    console.log("Permissin Granted");
}

Filtering Data

Simple Access can filter resource object data based on specific permission and return only allowed attributes.

Simple Access is depending on Floppy Filter library for complex object filtering, Please check its documentation to know how to select or negate attributes in an efficient way.

You can do this using filter function: filter(permission: Permission, data: Object): Object