ScrollPadlock

A small (~4K gzipped) unobtrusive script aimed to encourage a CSS-first approach when locking html elements scroll reducing cumulative layout shift and iOS Safari quirkiness.

🙅 Without this library:

💁 With this library:

Try it out

Here's some example projects for the most common setups:

• React (Preview - Browse)
• Angular (Preview - Browse)
• Vue (Preview - Browse)
• Vanilla (Preview - Browse)

Inclusion

This library is downloadable via npm:

npm install scroll-padlock

The source code is entirely written in standard ECMAScript with no dependencies. All major bundle formats are supported, including umd, iife, amd, cjs, esm and SystemJS; a minified gzipped version is also available for each bundle format.

Node

import ScrollPadlock from "scroll-padlock";

const scrollPadlock = new ScrollPadlock();

Browser (modules)

<script type="importmap">
  {
    "imports": {
      "scroll-padlock": "https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/scroll-padlock/dist/es/scroll-padlock.min.js"
    }
  }
</script>

<script type="module">
  import ScrollPadlock from "scroll-padlock";

  const scrollPadlock = new ScrollPadlock();
</script>

Browser (globals)

<script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/scroll-padlock/dist/iife/scroll-padlock.min.js"></script>

<script>
  var scrollPadlock = new ScrollPadlock();
</script>

Under the Hood

Some CSS variables, addressing a given html element data attribute (dinamically set), are set through a style appended in head, a given CSS class is observed to determine current state while window resize and scroll events are listened in order to update CSS variables; no other DOM modifications besides that.

Usage (basic)

By default, a padlock instance addresses the default browser scrolling element and a scroll-padlock-locked css class.

.scroll-padlock-locked {
  /* Standard way to lock scroll */
  overflow: hidden;

  /* Reserves space for scrollbar */
  padding-right: var(--scroll-padlock-scrollbar-width);
}

const instance = new ScrollPadlock();

At this point, the lock state can be changed simply toggling that CSS class; since the CSS class change is internally observed, the class change itself can be done through native DOM API, a virtual DOM library, another DOM manipulation script, etc...

document.scrollingElement.classList.add('scroll-padlock-locked');

document.scrollingElement.classList.remove('scroll-padlock-locked');

Usage (advanced)

A custom scrolling element and a custom css class name are both supported.

const scrollingElement = document.querySelector('#scrolling-element');

const instance = new ScrollPadlock(scrollingElement "scroll-locked");

scrollingElement.classList.add("scroll-locked");

scrollingElement.classList.remove("scroll-locked");

The first constructor argument can be a single object of options, allowing more parameters to be used.

const instance = new ScrollPadlock({
  // the html element which scrolls
  scrollingElement: document.scrollingElement,

  // the element which trigger scroll event
  scrollEventElement: window,

  cssClassName: 'scroll-locked',

  // useful in order to debounce the original resize handler execution, etc...
  resizeHandlerWrapper: handler => handler,

  // useful in order to throttle the original scroll handler execution, etc...
  scrollHandlerWrapper: handler => handler,

  // useful in test environment scenarios
  client: window,
});

The following ruleset alone is enough to ensure a cross-browser page scroll lock for a standard vertical-scroll page:

.scroll-padlock-locked {
  /* non-iOS browsers scroll lock */

  /* Standard way to lock scroll */
  overflow: hidden;

  /* Reserves space for scrollbar */
  padding-right: var(--scroll-padlock-scrollbar-width);

  /* iOS only page scroll lock */

  /* iOS page scroll lock hack */
  position: fixed;
  width: 100%;

  /* Avoids scroll to top for iOS page scroll lock hack */
  top: calc(var(--scroll-padlock-scroll-top) * -1);
}

CSS Variables

This is the complete list of CSS variables set by this library on the given elements.

• --scroll-padlock-scroll-top: the number of pixels that the scrolling element is scrolled vertically.
• --scroll-padlock-scroll-left: the number of pixels that the scrolling element is scrolled horizontally.
• --scroll-padlock-scrollbar-width: the scrolling element's vertical scrollbar size.
• --scroll-padlock-scrollbar-height: the scrolling element's horizontal scrollbar size.
• --scroll-padlock-outer-width: the scrolling element's width including the scrollbar size.
• --scroll-padlock-outer-height: the scrolling element's height including the scrollbar size.
• --scroll-padlock-inner-width: the scrolling element's width without the scrollbar size.
• --scroll-padlock-inner-height: the scrolling element's height without the scrollbar size.
• --scroll-padlock-scroll-width: the scrolling element's content width.
• --scroll-padlock-scroll-height: the scrolling element's content height.

API

The destroy method is particularly important when using reactive frameworks (such as React, Vue, Angular, etc...) which components lifecycle might generate memory leaks: call destroy method when the component in which scroll-padlock is used gets unmounted.

// Detaches instance events, removes styles, etc...
instance.destroy();

Some other methods or accessors can be useful when custom DOM-manipulation logic takes place.

// Updates current instance computed styles (CSS variables, etc...)
instance.update();

// Gets the the current scroll position
const { top, left } = instance.scroll;

// Sets a new scroll position;
// if the instance state is locked,
// the given position is saved for a future restoration;
// otherwise the instance element is directly scrolled to the given position
instance.scroll = { top, left };

// Gets the current instance element layout sizes
const {
  // The target's width and height including the scrollbar size
  outerWidth,
  outerHeight,

  // The target's width and height without the scrollbar size
  innerWidth,
  innerHeight,

  // The target's content width and height
  scrollWidth,
  scrollHeight,

  // The target's vertical and horizontal scrollbar size
  scrollbarWidth,
  scrollbarHeight,
} = instance.layout;

const {
  // The lock state CSS class name
  cssClassName,

  // The html element that can perform the scrolling action
  scrollingElement,

  // The element that can listen to scroll event
  scrollEventElement,
} = instance;

// Pauses the instance "resize" event listener
instance.unlisten('resize');

// Pauses the instance "scroll" event listener
instance.unlisten('scroll');

// Resumes the instance "resize" event listener
instance.listen('resize');

// Resumes the instance "scroll" event listener
instance.listen('scroll');

TL;TR: a page scroll lock overview

🙅 overflow: hidden is the most common way to lock the scroll position on every browsers, unfortunately, unless user's browser has overlay scrollbars, that would cause the scrollbar to disappear, the body to expand and the contents to jump to the right (CLS); to make things worse that technique just doesn't work on iOS safari: when set the user can still scroll the page.

🙅 touch-action: none can't help since Safari doesn't seem to support it anytime soon.

🤷 Some libraries propose to solve this preventing touchmove events, which might work out very well in many cases; unfortunately some issues with some viewport configurations or pinch to zoom might still be encountered, also iOS navigation bars might end up covering some layout elements.

🙅 position: fixed alone can force iOS to lock the scroll, but when applied the scroll position would eventually jump to the top of the page.

💁 This library sets some css variables and css classes in order to allow the developer to choose their preferred CSS-only approach, while the class instance exposes a quite granular API in order to implement some JS strategies too.

Positioned Elements

If positioned elements "jumps" on a parent lock state change, the same CSS variables that are used to reserve the scrollbar width can be used to overcome this problem as well.

/* A right-positioned child */
.positioned-element {
  position: fixed;
  right: 0;
}

/* The same right-positioned element, */
/* not affected by its own container scrollbars disappearance */
.scroll-padlock-locked .positioned-element {
  right: var(--scroll-padlock-scrollbar-width);
}

iOS Bars and Keyboard Tray

There might still be an iOS edge case when locking page scroll with position: fixed technique: when the page is scrolled the system bars become smaller; at that point, when focusing an input element programmatically, the keyboard tray is triggered and the bars become larger again; that, probably when some animations are taking place, can cause the following visual artifacts.

What happens here is iOS forcing a scroll to the focused element (still out of canvas) in an already "locked" area (limited by the OS itself) which would be also resized because of the system bars getting taller.

To overcome this problem the native resize event can be listened in order to programmatically scroll to top when the css class of that particular case is present.

// Addressing the "ios-keyboard-sub-window-thing offset" bug:
// page scroll lock along with a programmatic focus
// on an a form field make the keyboard tray to show
// and that triggers, along with the visual artifact itself, a "resize" event
window.addEventListener("resize", () => {
  if (document.scrollingElement.contains("scroll-padlock-locked")) {
    // "Re-aligns" the iOS keyboard sub-window
    window.scrollTo(0, 0);
  }
});

The problem should be solved at this point.

Support

All modern browsers have been tested.

The library doesn't provide a fallback for those browsers which don't support CSS variables (mainly Internet Explorer 11); since these browsers tipically support overflow: hidden, the JS API can be used to implement the scrollbars-gaps compensation normally achievable through CSS by standard browsers (a graceful degradation approach is highly suggested though).

Development

Node version 20.11.0 or higher is required in order to compile source code or launch tests.

You can generate the unit tests coverage in human readable form with the following commands (having lcov installed is required).

npm test

genhtml lcov.info -o coverage