postcss-simple-extend

A PostCSS plugin that enables you to extend placeholder selectors in CSS.

Use this plugin to define a rule set with an abstract, extendable selector — a "placeholder selector" — to which you can, later on, add concrete selectors from other rule sets.

The functionality should mirror Sass's @extend with % placeholders (a.k.a. "silent classes"). Unlike Sass's @extend, however, this plugin does not enable you to extend real selectors: i.e. you cannot @extend .classname or @extend ul > li + li > span a. That key difference makes this plugin much more simple, and arguably much less dangerous. Many of the potential problems with Sass's @extend simply do not apply to this limited, more simple version. Smart Sass users often recommend to only ever @extend placeholders (cf. Harry Robert and Hugo Giraudel): with this plugin, that recommendation is enforced.

If you are looking for a more full-featured @extend, check out postcss-extend.

A Note on "mixins" & "extends": Mixins copy declarations from an abstract definition into a concrete rule set. The simple extend supported by this plugin clones a concrete rule set's selector and adds it to an abstract placeholder selector. If you would like to use mixins, as well — or instead — have a look at postcss-mixins.

Also think about this: Should you use an @extend instead of a @mixin? The answer: maybe not. Given the fact that @extends don't actually reduce generated file size (after gzip), and the CSS generated by mixins is easier to read and understand, you might not want to introduce @extends to your codebase. Just consider.

Installation

npm install postcss-simple-extend --save

This plugin is compatible with PostCSS v4.1+.

Example Input-Output

Input:

@define-placeholder gigantic {
  font-size: 40em;
}

.foo {
  @extend gigantic;
  color: red;
}

.bar {
  @extend gigantic;
  color: orange;
}

Output:

.foo,
.bar {
  font-size: 40em;
}

.foo {
  color: red;
}

.bar {
  color: orange;
}

Usage

Define Your Placeholder

With @define-placeholder, you associate a rule set with a placeholder selector, which you will later extend with concrete selectors.

You can also use @define-extend or @simple-extend-define, if either of those better fits your mind and situation.

@define-placeholder simple-list {
  list-style-type: none;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
}
/* or @define-extend simple-list {...} */
/* or @simple-extend-define simple-list {...} */

@define-placeholder at-rules, and the placeholder names (e.g. simple-list, above), will be removed entirely from the generated CSS, replaced by the selectors you've added via @extend (see example above).

There are some defining guidelines to obey (violations should log warnings):

• Definitions must occur at the root level (i.e. not inside statements, such as rule sets or @media blocks).
• Definitions should only contain declarations and comments: no statements.

Extend a Placeholder (Add Selectors to It)

Use the at-rule @extend within a rule set to add that rule set's selector(s) to a placeholder (which was defined via @define-placeholder).

You can also use @simple-extend-addto, if that better fits your mind and situation.

.list-i-want-to-be-simple {
  @extend simple-list;
  /* or @simple-extend-addto simple-list; */
  font-size: 40em;
}

And there are some @extend guidelines to obey (violations should log warnings):

• @extend must not occur at the root level: only inside rule sets.
• @extend must not occur within @media statements. (The generated code almost certainly would not match your intention.)
• The placeholder must be defined before @extend can refer to it.

Plug it in to PostCSS

Plug it in just like any other PostCSS plugin. There are no frills and no options, so integration should be straightforward. For example (as a node script):

var fs = require('fs');
var postcss = require('postcss');
var simpleExtend = require('postcss-simple-extend');

var inputCss = fs.readFileSync('input.css', 'utf8');

var outputCss = postcss()
  .use(simpleExtend())
  // or .use(simpleExtend)
  .process(inputCss)
  .css;

console.log(outputCss);

Or take advantage of any of the myriad other ways to consume PostCSS, and follow the plugin instructions they provide.