PostCSS Params

postcss-params has two usage modes:

1. Target devices/clients based on a build configuration, much like media queries.
2. Pass strings from css to your postcss plugin, using a familiar syntax.

Some sites serve different assets to different clients. For example, you may have some IE-specific css hacks that you only want to serve to IE browsers. Or you want to load certain fonts for certain countries. PostCSS is a good way to keep all your code in one file, then generate separate assets.

@my-plugin (browser: ie) {
  button {
    background-color: red;
  }
}
@my-plugin not (browser: ie) {
  button {
    background-color: green;
  }
}

postcss-params helps you write a plugin which reads the (browser: ie) parameter string, and keep or discard the block accordingly.

Build two assets, with configurations {browser: ie} and {}. PostCSS will generate two assets. One you can serve to your locked-in customers browsing from their lunch breaks at BigCorp. The other asset you can serve to the rest of the civilized world.

buildComparator

buildComparator accepts a param string and returns a function. The resulting comparator function accepts a configuration object, and returns true if the params match the configuration, and false otherwise.

See the tests in tests/buildComparator for more examples.

CSS:

@my-plugin (region: cn) {
  body {
    font-family: ".PingFang-SC-Regular", sans-serif;
  }
}
@my-plugin not (region: cn) {
  body {
    font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif !default;
  }
}

Plugin:

const { buildComparator } = require('postcss-params');
postcss.plugin('my-plugin', (configuration) => (root) => {
  root.walkAtRules('my-plugin', (atRule) => {
    const comparator = buildComparator(atRule.params);
    if (comparator(configuration)) {
      atRule.replaceWith(atRule.nodes);
    } else {
      atRule.remove();
    }
  });
});

Running postcss with various configuration objects will result in css assets suitable for separate intended audiences. For example, you may serve a different font-family in China, but not want to load this asset for all countries.

configuration is provided to PostCSS through your build tool.

Example configuration:

{
  debug:  true,
  region: "us",
  theme:  "blue"
}

buildAst

buildAst gives you finer control and access to the params written in css.

Given this simple rule:

@my-plugin (theme: red) {
  body {
    background-color: theme-color;
  }
}

and this plugin:

const { buildAst } = require('postcss-params');
postcss.plugin('my-plugin', (configuration) => (root) => {
  root.walkAtRules('my-plugin', (atRule) => {
    const ast = buildAst(atRule.params);
    console.log(ast);
  });
});

This AST is generated:

{ feature: "theme", value: "red" }

Given this more complicated rule:

@my-plugin (debug),
           (region: cn) and (theme: red),
           (region: us) and (theme: blue),
           not (production) and (staging) {
  body {
    background-color: red;
  }
}

Plugin:

const { buildAst } = require('postcss-params');
postcss.plugin('my-plugin', (configuration) => (root) => {
  root.walkAtRules('my-plugin', (atRule) => {
    const ast = buildAst(atRule.params);
    console.log(ast);
  });
});

This AST is generated:

any
├─ { feature: debug, value: true }
├─ all
│  ├─ { feature: region, value: cn }
│  └─ { feature: theme, value: red }
├─ all
│  ├─ { feature: region, value: us }
│  └─ { feature: theme, value: blue }
└─ all
   ├─ { feature: production, not: true }
   └─ { feature: staging, not: true }

Now your PostCSS plugin can make use of this AST to pull values into variables, or decide to keep or discard the block.

Limitations:

• Feature names and values must NOT contain characters (),:
• Errors are fairly opaque ('Expected L_PAREN')
• Feature values are optional, so comparators must expect String or Undefined
• Feature can only have one value. (f: a), (f: b) can't be (f: a, b)
  • As a hack, (f: a|b) is legal, and the comparator can split on |

AST Object Reference

The resulting AST from buildAst is a tree structure. There are three possible nodes in this tree:

• any: if any item resolves true, return true.

• all: if all items resolve true, return true.

• feature: compare the param value with the config value.

  • not: if feature returns true, return false. And vice-versa.

  Given this contrived rule:

  @my-plugin (debug),
             (region: cn) and (theme: red),
             (region: us) and (theme: blue),
             not (production) and (staging) {
    body {
      background-color: red;
    }
  }

This AST is generated:

any
├─ { feature: debug, value: true }
├─ all
│  ├─ { feature: region, value: cn }
│  └─ { feature: theme, value: red }
├─ all
│  ├─ { feature: region, value: us }
│  └─ { feature: theme, value: blue }
└─ all
   ├─ { feature: production, not: true }
   └─ { feature: staging, not: true }

See the tests in tests/buildAst for more examples.

About the syntax

All PostCSS at-rules follow the structure @plugin-name params { body }. Plugins are given the params as a string, with no provisions for parsing, or even a standard format for clients to write params.

CSS already has an analogous structure for media queries:

• @media media-query [, media-query]* { rule-list }

where media-query can take either form:

• [NOT|ONLY]? media-type [AND (media-feature[: value]?)]*
• (media-feature[: value]?) [AND (media-feature[: value]?)]*

However, this has some limitations:

1. media-type is not meant for general-purpose use. It accepts specific values, e.g., all, screen, print. We are only interested in media-feature usage.
2. NOT must be used with media-type. (NOT (media-feature) is illegal).
3. ONLY was a hack for older browsers.

So we have defined a similar grammar which:

1. removes media-type entirely.
2. allows NOT to be juxtaposed with media-feature.
3. removes ONLY.

ASTs are automatically flattened

any and all nodes with a single child are replaced with that child node.

any
└─ all
   └─ { feature: debug, value: true }

is the same as

{ feature: debug, value: true }

LL(1) Grammar Reference - Please do not LL(2+)

CommaSeparatedList
 : MediaQuery [ COMMA MediaQuery ]*
MediaQuery
 : [NOT]? Feature [ AND Feature ]*
Feature
 : L_PAREN IDENT [ COLON IDENT ]? R_PAREN