Phoenix LiveView

Phoenix LiveView enables rich, real-time user experiences with server-rendered HTML.

Visit the https://livebeats.fly.dev demo to see the kinds of applications you can build, or see a sneak peek below:

https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/576796/162234098-31b580fe-e424-47e6-b01d-cd2cfcf823a9.mp4

LiveView ships by default in new Phoenix applications. After you install Elixir on your machine, you can create your first LiveView app in two steps:

$ mix archive.install hex phx_new
$ mix phx.new demo

If you have an older existing Phoenix app and you wish to add LiveView, see the previous installation guide.

Feature highlights

LiveView brings a unified experience to building web applications. You no longer have to split work between client and server, across different toolings, layers, and abstractions. Instead, LiveView enriches the server with a declarative and powerful model while keeping your code closer to your data (and ultimately your source of truth):

• Declarative rendering: Render HTML on the server over WebSockets with a declarative model, including an optional LongPolling fallback.

• Rich templating language: Enjoy HEEx: a templating language that supports function components, slots, HTML validation, verified routes, and more.

• Diffs over the wire: Instead of sending "HTML over the wire", LiveView knows exactly which parts of your templates change, sending minimal diffs over the wire after the initial render, reducing latency and bandwidth usage. The client leverages this information and optimizes the browser with 5-10x faster updates, compared to solutions that replace whole HTML fragments.

• Live form validation: LiveView supports real-time form validation out of the box. Create rich user interfaces with features like uploads, nested inputs, and specialized recovery.

• File uploads: Real-time file uploads with progress indicators and image previews. Process your uploads on the fly or submit them to your desired cloud service.

• Rich integration API: Use the rich integration API to interact with the client, with phx-click, phx-focus, phx-blur, phx-submit, and phx-hook included for cases where you have to write JavaScript.

• Optimistic updates and transitions: Perform optimistic updates and transitions with JavaScript commands via Phoenix.LiveView.JS.

• Loose coupling: Reuse more code via stateful components with loosely-coupled templates, state, and event handling — a must for enterprise application development.

• Live navigation: Enriched links and redirects are just more ways LiveView keeps your app light and performant. Clients load the minimum amount of content needed as users navigate around your app without any compromise in user experience.

• Latency simulator: Emulate how slow clients will interact with your application with the latency simulator.

• Robust test suite: Write tests with confidence alongside Phoenix LiveView built-in testing tools. No more running a whole browser alongside your tests.

Learning

Check our comprehensive docs to get started.

The Phoenix framework documentation also keeps a list of community resources, including books, videos, and other materials, and some include LiveView too.

Also follow these announcements from the Phoenix team on LiveView for more examples and rationale:

• LiveBeats: Building a Social Music App With Phoenix LiveView

• Build a real-time Twitter clone with LiveView

• Initial announcement

Component systems

When you create a new Phoenix project, it comes with a minimal component system to power Phoenix generators. In case you want to enrich your developer experience, there are several component systems provided by the community at different stages of development:

• Bloom: The opinionated, open-source extension to Phoenix Core Components

• Doggo: Headless UI components for Phoenix

• Petal Components: Phoenix + Live View HEEX Components

• PrimerLive: An implementation of GitHub's Primer Design System using Phoenix LiveView

• SaladUI: Phoenix Liveview component library inspired by shadcn UI

What makes LiveView unique?

LiveView is server-centric. You no longer have to worry about managing both client and server to keep things in sync. LiveView automatically updates the client as changes happen on the server.

LiveView is first rendered statically as part of regular HTTP requests, which provides quick times for "First Meaningful Paint", in addition to helping search and indexing engines.

Then LiveView uses a persistent connection between client and server. This allows LiveView applications to react faster to user events as there is less work to be done and less data to be sent compared to stateless requests that have to authenticate, decode, load, and encode data on every request.

When LiveView was first announced, many developers from different backgrounds got inspired by the potential unlocked by LiveView to build rich, real-time user experiences. We believe LiveView is built on top of a solid foundation that makes LiveView hard to replicate anywhere else:

• LiveView is built on top of the Elixir programming language and functional programming, which provides a great model for reasoning about your code and how your LiveView changes over time.

• By building on top of a scalable platform, LiveView scales well vertically (from small to large instances) and horizontally (by adding more instances). This allows you to continue shipping features when more and more users join your application, instead of dealing with performance issues.

• LiveView applications are distributed and real-time. A LiveView app can push events to users as those events happen anywhere in the system. Do you want to notify a user that their best friend just connected? This is easily done without a single line of custom JavaScript and with no extra external dependencies (no extra databases, no Redis, no extra message queues, etc.).

• LiveView performs change tracking: whenever you change a value on the server, LiveView will send to the client only the values that changed, drastically reducing the latency and the amount of data sent over the wire. This is achievable thanks to Elixir's immutability and its ability to treat code as data.

Browser Support

All current Chrome, Safari, Firefox, and MS Edge are supported. IE11 support is available with the following polyfills:

$ npm install --save --prefix assets mdn-polyfills url-search-params-polyfill formdata-polyfill child-replace-with-polyfill classlist-polyfill new-event-polyfill @webcomponents/template shim-keyboard-event-key core-js

Note: The shim-keyboard-event-key polyfill is also required for MS Edge 12-18.

Note: The event-submitter-polyfill package is also required for MS Edge 12-80 & Safari < 15.4.

// assets/js/app.js
import "mdn-polyfills/Object.assign"
import "mdn-polyfills/CustomEvent"
import "mdn-polyfills/String.prototype.startsWith"
import "mdn-polyfills/Array.from"
import "mdn-polyfills/Array.prototype.find"
import "mdn-polyfills/Array.prototype.some"
import "mdn-polyfills/NodeList.prototype.forEach"
import "mdn-polyfills/Element.prototype.closest"
import "mdn-polyfills/Element.prototype.matches"
import "mdn-polyfills/Node.prototype.remove"
import "child-replace-with-polyfill"
import "url-search-params-polyfill"
import "formdata-polyfill"
import "classlist-polyfill"
import "new-event-polyfill"
import "@webcomponents/template"
import "shim-keyboard-event-key"
import "event-submitter-polyfill"
import "core-js/features/set"
import "core-js/features/url"

import {Socket} from "phoenix"
import {LiveSocket} from "phoenix_live_view"
...

Contributing

We appreciate any contribution to LiveView.

Please see the Phoenix Code of Conduct and Contributing guides.

Running the Elixir tests:

$ mix deps.get
$ mix test

Running all JavaScript tests:

$ npm run setup
$ npm run test

Running the JavaScript unit tests:

$ cd assets
$ npm install
$ npm run test
# to automatically run tests for files that have been changed
$ npm run test.watch

or simply:

$ npm run setup
$ npm run js:test

Running the JavaScript end-to-end tests:

$ npm run setup
$ npm run e2e:test

Checking test coverage:

$ npm run cover
$ npm run cover:report

JS contributions are very welcome, but please do not include an updated priv/static/phoenix_live_view.js in pull requests. The maintainers will update it as part of the release process.