Ontologies

A collection of standard and well known ontologies serialised to Turtle.

Core W3C ontologies

RDF, RDFS, OWL & XSD constitute the reserved vocabulary of the OWL 2 Web Ontology Language. Those four ontologies are therefore the backbone of the Semantic Web.

RDF technical recommendations (25 February 2014)

• RDF 1.1 Primer
• Core specification
  • RDF 1.1 Concepts and Abstract Syntax
  • RDF 1.1 Semantics
• Serialization
  • Turtle
  • Trig
  • N-Triples
  • N-Quads
  • XML Syntax
• Notes
  • What’s New in RDF 1.1
  • On Semantics of RDF Datasets
  • Test Cases
  • JSON Alternate Serialization (RDF/JSON)

RDFS technical recommendation (25 February 2014)

• RDF Schema 1.1

OWL 2 Web Ontology Language technical recommendations (11 December 2012)

• Document Overview
• Language Primer
• New Features and Rationale
• Quick Reference Guide
• Core specification
  • Structural Specification and Functional-Style Syntax
  • Mapping to RDF Graphs
  • Direct Semantics
  • RDF-Based Semantics
  • Conformance
• Optional features
  • Profiles
  • XML Serialization
  • Manchester Syntax (Working Group Note)
• Extension
  • Data Range Extension: Linear Equations (Working Group Note)

XSD Datatypes

• XML Schema Definition Language (XSD) 1.1 Part 2: Datatypes
• OWL Quick Reference: Built-in Datatypes and Facets

Other W3C ontologies

SHACL, SKOS, DCAT, CSVW, VCARD.

Other ontologies

Dublin Core, FOAF, Schema.

Standard prefixes

There is a list of standard prefixes in prefix.ttl for easy copy/paste.

The list is maintained in lowercase SPARQL syntax to be usable in both Turtle and SPARQL. This syntax requires an RDF 1.1 Turtle parser which can be considered as of 2020 as widely deployed. Therefore no reason to keep using the syntax including an '@' as per the Turtle Spec note on IRIs.

# Core W3C ontologies (OWL 2 reserved vocabulary)
prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#>
prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#>
prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#>
# Other ontologies
prefix acl: <http://www.w3.org/ns/auth/acl#>
prefix cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#>
prefix cert: <http://www.w3.org/ns/auth/cert#>
prefix csvw: <http://www.w3.org/ns/csvw#>
prefix dc: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/>
prefix dcam: <http://purl.org/dc/dcam/>
prefix dcat: <http://www.w3.org/ns/dcat#>
prefix dctype: <http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/>
prefix foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/>
prefix ldp: <http://www.w3.org/ns/ldp#>
prefix posixstat: <http://www.w3.org/ns/posix/stat#>
prefix schema: <https://schema.org/>
prefix shacl: <http://www.w3.org/ns/shacl#>
prefix skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#>
prefix skosxl: <http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#>
prefix solid: <http://www.w3.org/ns/solid/terms#>
prefix swapdoc: <http://www.w3.org/2000/10/swap/pim/doc#>
prefix ui: <http://www.w3.org/ns/ui#>
prefix vann: <http://purl.org/vocab/vann/>
prefix vcard: <http://www.w3.org/2006/vcard/ns#>
prefix ws: <http://www.w3.org/ns/pim/space#>

The namespace lookup tool prefix.cc can help understand current prefix usage. The Linked Open Vocabularies website can help understand vocabularies usage.

NodeJS usage

Install with npm install ontl and retrieve the ontologies as NodeJS readable streams.

import * as ontl from 'ontl';

ontl.RDF.pipe(process.stdout);