moog-require

moog-require provides powerful module subclassing for server-side development. It extends the features of moog with the following additions:

• Fetches modules from a local modules folder if they are not defined explicitly
• If a module is defined explicitly and also exists in localModules, the local modules folder becomes a source of defaults for properties not defined explicitly
• Fetches modules from npm if they are not defined either explicitly or via the local modules folder
• If a module exists by the same name both in npm and via explicit definition or local modules, automatically extends the npm module without the need for a new name (like the "category" feature of Objective C)
• Provides access to an "asset chain" of subclass module directories and type names, to implement template overrides and the like
• Also supports bundling moog modules in a single npm module, if explicitly configured

Example

// IMPLICIT BASE CLASS OF ALL MODULES
// (if configured - see app.js below)
//
// In node_modules/module/index.js

module.exports = {
  self.construct = function(self, options) {
    self.renderTemplate = function(name, data) {
      var i;
      for (i = 0; (i < options.__meta.length); i++) {
        var meta = options.__meta[i];
        var path = meta.dirname + '/views/' + name + '.html';
        if (fs.existsSync(path)) {
          // Deepest subclass wins
          return templateEngine.render(path, data);
        }
      }
    };

  };
};

// NPM MODULE
//
// In node_modules/events/index.js

module.exports = {
  color: 'red',

  construct: function(self, options) {

    self.defaultTags = options.tags;

    self.get = function(params, callback) {
      // Go get some events
      return callback(events);
    };
  }
}

// PROJECT LEVEL SUBCLASS OF NPM MODULE
//
// in lib/modules/events/index.js
module.exports = {
  color: 'green',

  construct: function(self, options) {
    var superGet = self.get;
    self.get = function(params, callback) {
      // override: only interested in upcoming events
      params.upcoming = true;
      return superGet(params, callback);
    };
  }
};

// in app.js

var synth = require('moog-require')({
  localModules: __dirname + '/lib/modules',
  defaultBaseClass: 'module'
});

synth.define({

  // SETTING A DEFAULT OPTION THAT APPLIES TO *ALL* MODULES
  // (because we're setting it for the defaultBaseClass)
  'module': {
    color: 'gray'
  },

  // CONFIGURATION (IMPLICIT SUBCLASS) OF A PROJECT-LEVEL MODULE
  // (same technique works to configure an npm module)

  'events': {
    color: 'blue',
    // More overrides in lib/modules/events/index.js (above).
    // Anything here in app.js wins
  },

  // EXTENDING A PROJECT-LEVEL MODULE TO CREATE A NEW ONE
  'parties': {

    // Let's subclass a module right here in app.js (usually we'd just
    // set site-specific options here and put code in
    // lib/modules/parties/index.js, but you're not restricted)

    extend: 'events',
    color: 'lavender',

    // Let's alter the "tags" option before the
    // base class constructors are aware of it

    beforeConstruct: function(self, options) {
      options.tags = (options.tags || []).concat('party');
    },

    // This constructor can take a callback, even though
    // the base classes don't. You can mix and match

    construct: function(self, options, callback) {
      // options.color will be lavender
      var superGet = self.get;
      self.get = function(params, callback) {
        // override: only interested in parties. Let's
        // assume the base class uses this as a query
        params.title = /party/i;
        return superGet(params, callback);
      };

      // Output names and full folder paths of all modules in the
      // subclassing chain; we can use this to push assets and
      // implement template overrides
      console.log(options._directories);
    },

    setBridge: function(modules) {
      // Do something that requires access to the
      // other modules, which are properties of
      // the modules object
    }
  }
});

// Instantiate all the modules, passing in some
// universal options that are provided to all of them. This
// only instantiates modules mentioned in `definitions`, but
// they may override or subclass modules in npm or the
// project-level modules folder

return synth.createAll({ mailer: myMailer }, function(err, modules) {
  return modules.events.get({ ... }, function(err, events) {
    ...
  });
});

// We can also tell the modules about each other. This
// invokes the setBridge method of each module, if any,
// and passes the modules object to it

synth.bridge(modules);

// We can also create an instance of any module at any time,
// and pass it additional options. This is useful if you are
// not following the singleton pattern. We don't promise
// killer performance if you create thousands of objects
// per second

return synth.create('parties', { color: 'purple' }, function(err, party) {
  ...
});

Replacing a module with another npm module

The monsters npm module works great for most people, but you've created a superior replacement, scary-monsters. And you want people to be able to use it as a drop-in replacement, without changing code that refers to the monsters module.

This is especially useful if you want other moog types that subclass monsters to automatically subclass scary-monsters instead.

So the index.js of your scary-monsters npm module might look like:

module.exports = {
  replace: 'monsters',
  construct: function(self, options) { ... }
}

Note the replace property.

Now, an application developer who wants to use scary-monsters instead of the usual monsters module can simply configure it instead of monsters. The type name monsters will still be defined. The type name scary-monsters is not defined.

var synth = require('moog-require')({
  localModules: __dirname + '/lib/modules',
  defaultBaseClass: 'module'
});

synth.define({
  'scary-monsters': { ... configuration ... }
});

// This works
synth.create('monsters', {});

// This does NOT work
synth.create('scary-monsters', {});

Note that if you want to further extend scary-monsters at project level, you should use a lib/modules/scary-monsters folder. Anything in lib/modules/monsters will be ignored. Similarly, in app.js, don't configure monsters, just configure scary-monsters.

Improving a module with another npm module: implicit subclassing

The improve property is similar to replace, but allows you to implicitly subclass an existing type rather than completely replacing it. If you improve the monsters type, all other code will regard your subclass as the monsters type.

This is useful if you wish to release an npm module that subclasses a well-known module to add more functionality, without requiring developers to change the source code of other modules in order to use it.

Here is an example:

So the index.js of your scary-monsters npm module might look like:

module.exports = {
  improve: 'monsters',
  construct: function(self, options) {
    var superJump = self.jump;
    self.jump = function(howHigh) {
      // Limit height of jumps
      if (howHigh > 100) {
        howHigh = 100;
      }
      // Call original version
      superJump(howHigh / 2);
    };
  }
}

Note the improve property.

Just like the replace option, the improve option defines the type with the name specified by improve. That is, your subclass is substituted everywhere for the monsters type. The scary-monsters type is not defined.

Here is an example of application-level code:

var synth = require('moog-require')({
  localModules: __dirname + '/lib/modules',
  defaultBaseClass: 'module'
});

synth.define({
  'scary-monsters': { ... configuration ... }
});

// This works
synth.create('monsters', {});

// This does NOT work
synth.create('scary-monsters', {});

Note that if you want to further extend scary-monsters at project level, you should use a lib/modules/scary-monsters folder. Code in lib/modules/monsters will be loaded, but it will subclass the original monsters module, and then scary-monsters will subclass that. This is probably not what you want. Similarly, in app.js, don't configure monsters, just configure scary-monsters.

Calling require yourself

Don't.

Well, okay...

If you want to write this:

`extend': require('./lib/weird-place/my-module/index.js')

You may do so, but in that case your module must export its __name, __dirname and __filename, like so:

module.exports = {
  __name: 'my-module',
  __dirname: __dirname,
  __filename: __filename,
  construct: function(self, options) { ... }
};

This is only necessary if you are using require directly. Most of the time, you will be happier if you just specify a module name and let us require it for you. This even works in npm modules. (Yes, it will still find it if it is an npm dependency of your own module.)

Packaging multiple moog-require modules in a single npm module

Sometimes several modules are conceptually distinct, but are developed and versioned in tandem. In these cases there is no benefit from separate packaging, just a significant delay in npm install. npm peer dependencies are one way to handle this, but npm peer dependencies may be on the chopping block, and they are significantly slower than pre-packaging modules together.

The difficulty of course is that the link between npm module names and moog-require module names is broken when we do this. So we need another way to indicate to moog-require that it should look in the appropriate place.

Since searching for "X", where X is actually provided by module "Y", is not a core feature of npm itself we have kept this mechanism simple: you can give moog-require an array of npm module names that contain a "bundle" of definitions rather than a single definition. An npm "bundle" module then must export a moogBundle array property which contains the names of the moog-require modules it defines. The actual definitions live in lib/modules/module-one/index.js, lib/modules/module-two/index.js, etc. within the bundle npm module. moog-require will find these automatically and will consider these first before requiring normally from npm.

Here's an example:

// In node_modules/mybundle/index.js

module.exports = {
  moogBundle: {
    modules: [ 'module-one', 'module-two' ],
    directory: 'lib/modules'
  }
};

// In node_modules/mybundle/lib/modules/module-one/index.js

module.exports = {
  construct: function(self, options) { ... }
};

// In node_modules/mybundle/lib/modules/module-two/index.js

module.exports = {
  construct: function(self, options) { ... }
};

// In our application

var synth = require('moog-require')({
  bundles: [ 'mybundle' ],
  localModules: __dirname + '/lib/modules',
  defaultBaseClass: 'module'
});

synth.define({
  'module-one': {},
  'module-two': {}
});

Note that just as before, we must include these modules in our explicit define calls if we want to instantiate them with createAll, although we don't have to override any properties; we can pass empty objects to just use the defaults defined in the project level folder, and/or implicitly inherit from npm.

However, you may explicitly create a type that exists only in the project level folder and/or npm.

Nesting modules in subdirectories

For your convenience, moog-require has optional support for loading modules from nested subdirectories. The rules of the game are very simple:

• You must set the nestedModuleSubdirs option to true.
• Modules can now be found nested beneath your localModules folder, at any depth.
• The names of the parent directories do not matter. They are purely for your organizational convenience.
• The name of the actual module directory must still be the full name of the module.

If the same module exists in two places, an exception is thrown.

Changelog

The 2.x series is deprecated for new work, as its functionality was folded into Apostrophe 3.x. See below for 1.x release notes relevant to maintenance of Apostrophe 2.x.

1.3.2: starting in version 1.3.1, this module only loads other modules via npm if they are explicit npm dependencies, which is necessary for stability and security. However, it is too strict: if the project has no package.json at all at the level of app.js, npm search up the tree, and this module should too. Beginning in verison 1.3.2, it does search up the tree. However it stops at the first package.json found.

1.3.1: moog-require loads modules from npm if they exist there and are configured by name in the application. This was always intended only as a way to load direct, intentional dependencies of your project. However, since npm "flattens" the dependency tree, dependencies of dependencies that happen to have the same name as a project-level module could be loaded by default, crashing the site or causing unexpected behavior. So beginning with this release, moog-require scans package.json to verify an npm module is actually a dependency of the project itself before attempting to load it.

1.3.0: achieved an approximately 100x performance improvement when nestedModuleSubdirs is in use by fetching a list of index.js files on the first define call and then searching that prefetched list each time. This solution is much faster than the glob module cache.

1.2.0: use originalToMy to handle moog class names with npm namespaces in them.

1.1.1: use importFresh to avoid bugs when two instances of moog-require are loading the same module definitions. Previously if modules created by the two instances later modified sub-properties of options, they would inadvertently share values. This fix is critical for both apostrophe-monitor and apostrophe-multisite.

1.1.0: support for the nestedModuleSubdirs option.

1.0.1: shallowly clone the result of require rather than attaching .__meta to a potentially shared object. This allows multiple instances of moog-require in multiple instances of apostrophe to independently track where modules were loaded from.

1.0.0: moog, async and lodash dependencies updated to satisfy npm audit. Declared 1.x as this has been a stable part of Apostrophe 2.x for a long time.

0.4.1: fixed moog dependency to use the version that supports autoload: false.

0.4.0: added isImprovement method which returns true if a type name turned out to be an improvement of another type via the improve keyword. This is useful when you wish to instantiate all of the types except for those that are just improvements of others.

0.3.0: introduced the replace and improve options, which allow an npm module to substitute itself for another moog type completely, or enhance it via implicit subclassing. This is useful when releasing a drop-in replacement for a well-known module.

0.2.0: depends on moog 0.2.0 which introduces the mirror method.

0.1.0: compatible with moog 0.1.0 in which the __meta property became an object with chain and name properties.