js-xiterable

Make ES6 Iterators Functional Again

Synopsis

Suppose we have a generator like this.

function* count(n) {
    for (let i = 0; i < n; i++) yield i;
};

We make it more functional like this.

import {Xiterable} from './xiterable.js';
const xcount = n => new Xiterable(() => count(n));
const tens = xcount(10);
const odds = tens.filter(v=>v%2).map(v=>v*v);
const zips = tens.zip(odds);
[...tens];  // [ 0,      1,      2,       3,       4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]
[...odds];  // [ 1,      9,     25,      49,      81]
[...zips];  // [[0, 1], [1, 9], [2, 25], [3, 49], [4, 81]]

In other words, this module make any iterables work like Array, with .map, .filter and so on.

Install

npm install js-xiterable

Usage

locally

import {
  Xiterable,
  xiterable, zip, zipWith, xrange, repeat
} from './xiterable.js';

remotely

import {Xiterable} from 'https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/[email protected]/xiterable.min.js';

commonjs (node.js)

use babel or esm.

% node -r esm
Welcome to Node.js v14.5.0.
Type ".help" for more information.
> import * as $X from 'js-xiterable'
undefined
> $X
[Module] {
  Xiterable: [Function: Xiterable],
  isIterable: [Function: isIterable],
  repeat: [Function: repeat],
  version: '0.0.3',
  xiterable: [Function: xiterable],
  xrange: [Function: xrange],
  zip: [Function: zip],
  zipWith: [Function: zipWith]
}
> [...$X.xrange().take(10).filter(v=>v%2).map(v=>v*v)]
[ 1, 9, 25, 49, 81 ]
> 

Description

This module makes any given iterables behave like an array with all functional methods like .map(), .filter(), .reduce() and so on. But for methods that Array.prototype returns an instance of Array, an instace of Xiterable is returned. An Xiterable instance are:

• like an instance of Array that has .map(), .filter(), .reduce()…

• unlike an instance of Array that demands the storage for elements. Elements are generated on demand.

 [...Array(1e9).keys()].slice(0,10) // gets stuck with a billion elements
 [...xrange(1e9).slice(0,10)]       // same expected result instantly.

• All elements are lazily generated. They are not generated until needed.

• That is why .filter marks the result infinite, even though it is finite. You cannot estimate the number of elements until you apply the predicate function.

constructor

from any built-in iterables...

new Xiterable([0,1,2,3]);
new Xiterable('0123');
new Xiterable(new Uint8Array([0,1,2,3]))

or your custom generator (with no argument)...

let it = new Xiterable(function *() {
  for (let i = 0; true; i++) yield i;
});
[...it.take(8)]; // [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7]
[...it.take(8).reversed()]  // throws TypeError;

Generators are treated as an infinite iterable. But you can override it by giving its length for the 2nd argument and the implentation of nth for the 3rd argument. see .at() and .map() for more example.

let it = new Xiterable(function *() {
  for (let i = 0; true; i++) yield i;
}, Number.POSIVE_INFINITY, n => n);
it.at(42); // 42
it.take(42).reversed().at(0) // 41

A factory function is also exported as xiterable.

import {xiterable as $X} from 'js-xiterable';
$X('01234567').zip('abcdefgh').map(v=>v.join('')).toArray(); /* [
  '0a', '1b', '2c', '3d', '4e', '5f', '6g', '7h'
] */

Instance Methods and Properties

.toArray()

Returns [...this] unless this is infinite, in which case throws RangeError. It takes longer to spell than [...this] but slightly safer.

.at()

.at(n) returns the nth element of this if the original itertor has .at or .nth or Array-like (can access nth element via [n]. In which case at() is auto-generated).

The function was previously named nth(), which is still an alias of at() for compatibility reason.

Unlike [n], .at(n) accepts BigInt and negatives.

let it = xiterable('javascript');
it.at(0);    // 'j'
it.at(0n);   // 'j'
it.at(9);    // 't'
it.at(-1);   // 't'
it.at(-1n);  // 't'
it.at(-10);  // 'j'

It raises exceptions on infinite (and indefinite) iterables

it = xiterable(function*(){ for(;;) yield 42 }); // infinite
[...it.take(42)]; // Array(42).fill(42)
it.at(0);  // throws TypeError;

it = xiterable('javascript');
it = it.filter(v=>!new Set('aeiou').has(v)); // indefinite
[...it];  // ['j', 'v', 's', 'c', 'r', 'p', 't']
it.at(0); // throws TypeError;

BigInt is sometimes necessary when you deal with large -- combinatorially large -- iterables like js-combinatorics handles.

import * as $C from 'js-combinatorics';
let it = xiterable(new $C.Permutation('abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz'));
it = it.map(v=>v.join(''));
it.at(0);    // 'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz'
it.at(-1);   // 'zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcba'
it.at(403291461126605635583999999n) === it.at(-1);  // true

.length

The (maximum) number of elements in the iterable. For infinite (or indefinite iterables like the result of .filter()) Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY is set.

xrange().length;                          // Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY
xrange().take(42).length                  // 42
xrange().take(42).filter(v=>v%2).length;  // Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY

The number can be BigInt for very large iterable.

it = xiterable(new $C.Permutation('abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz'));
it.length; // 403291461126605635584000000n

You can tell if the iterable is infinite or indefinite via .isEndless.

xrange().isEndless;                         // true
xrange().take(42).isEndless                 // false
xrange().take(42).filter(v=>v%2).isEndless; // true

.map()

.map(fn, thisArg?) works just like Array.prototype.map except:

• .map of this module works with infinite iterables.

• if this is finite with working .nth, the resulting iterable is also reversible with .reversed and random-accissible via .nth.

it = xiterable(function*(){ let i = 0; for(;;) yield i++ });
[...it.map(v=>v*v).take(8)] // [0,  1,  4,  9, 16, 25, 36, 49]
it.at(42); // throws TypeError
it = xiterable(it.seed, it.length, n=>n); //  installs nth
it.at(42); // 41

.filter()

.filter(fn, thisArg?) works just like Array.prototype.filter except:

• .filter of this module works with infinite iterables.

• unlike .map() the resulting iterable is always marked infinite because there is no way to know its length lazily, that is, prior to iteration. See .length for more examples.

it = xiterable('javascript');
it.length;  // 10
it = it.filter(v=>!new Set('aeiou').has(v));
it.length;      // Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY
[...it].length; // 7
[...it] // [ 'j', 'v', 's', 'c', 'r', 'p', 't' ]

.mapFilter()

.mapFilter(fn, thisArg?) works just like .filter() but instead of dropping elements, it is replaced with undefined. That way the number of elements remains unchanged so you can use .at() and .reversed().

it = xiterable('javascript');
it.length;  // 10
it = it.mapFilter(v=>!new Set('aeiou').has(v));
it.length;      // 10
[...it].length; // 10
[...it];  /* [
  'j', undefined, 'v', undefined, 
  's', 'c', 'r', undefined, 'p', 't'
] */

.take()

.take(n) returns an iterable with the first n elements from this. If n　<= this.length it is a no-op.

[...xrange().take(8)];          // [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7]
[...xrange().take(4).take(8)];  // [0, 1, 2, 3]

.drop()

.drop(n)returns an iterable without the first n elements from this. If n　<= this.length an empty iterable is returned.

[...xrange(8).drop(4)]; // [4, 5, 6, 7]
[...xrange(4).drop(8)]; // []

Note the infinite iterable remains infinite even after you .drop(n)

xrange().drop(8).length;        // Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY
[...xrange().drop(8).take(4)];  // [ 8, 9, 10, 11 ]

.takeWhile()

.takeWhile(fn, thisArg?) returns an iterable with which iterates till fn is no longer true. Similar to .filter but unlinke .filter() the iterator terminates at the first element where fn() returns false.

let it = xiterable('javascript');
let fn = v=>!new Set('aeiou').has(v);
[...it.filter(fn)];     // ['j', 'v', 's', 'c', 'r', 'p', 't']
[...it.takeWhile(fn)];  // ['j']

.filled()

.filled(value) returns an iterator with all elements replaced with value. See also Xiterable.repeat.

.reversed()

.reversed() returns an iterator that returns elements in reverse order. this must be finite and random-accesible via .at() or exception is thrown.

[...xrange().take(4).reversed()]; // [3, 2, 1, 0]
[...xrange().reversed()];         // throws RangeError

.zip()

.zip(...args) zips iterators in the args. Static version also available.

[...Xiterable.xrange().zip('abcd')]   // [[0,"a"],[1,"b"],[2,"c"],[3,"d"]]

Instance methods found in Array.prototype

The following methods in Array.prototype are supported as follows. For any method meth, [...iter.meth(arg)] deeply equals to [...iter].meth(arg).

| method | available? | Comment | |:--------------|:----:|:---------| |concat | ✔︎ | | |copyWithin | ❌ | mutating | |entries | ✔︎ | | |every | ✔︎ | | |fill | ❌ | mutating ; see .filled | |filter | ✔︎ | see filter | |find | ✔︎ | | |findIndex | ✔︎ | | |flat | ✔︎ | | |flatMap | ✔︎ | | |forEach | ✔︎ | | |includes | ✔︎*| * throws RangeError on infinite iterables if the 2nd arg is negative | |indexOf | ✔︎*| * throws RangeError on infinite iterables if the 2nd arg is negative | |join | ✔︎ | | |keys | ✔︎ | | |lastIndexOf | ✔︎*| * throws RangeError on infinite iterables if the 2nd arg is negative | |map | ✔︎ | see map | |pop | ❌ | mutating | |push | ❌ | mutating | |reduce | ✔︎* | * throws RangeError on infinite iterables | |reduceRight | ✔︎* | * throws RangeError on infinite iterables | |reverse | ❌ | mutating. See reversed | |shift | ❌ | mutating | |slice | ✔︎* | * throws RangeError on infinite iterables if any of the args is negative | |some | ✔︎ | | |sort | ❌ | mutating | |splice | ❌ | mutating | |unshift | ❌ | mutating | |filter | ✔︎ | |

• Mutating functions (functions that change this) are deliberately made unavailable. e.g. pop, push…

• Functions that need toiterate backwards do not work on infinite iterables. e.g. lastIndexOf(), reduceRight()…

Static methods

They are also exported so you can:

import {repeat,xrange,zip,zipWith} from 'js-xiterable'

Examples below assumes

import {Xiterable} from 'js-xiterable'.

Examples below assumes

Xiterable.zip

Zips iterators in the argument.

[...Xiterable.zip('0123', 'abcd')]   // [[0,"a"],[1,"b"],[2,"c"],[3,"d"]]

Xiterable.zipWith

Zips iterators and then feed it to the function.

[...Xiterable.zipWith((a,b)=>a+b, 'bcdfg', 'aeiou')]    // ["ba","ce","di","fo","gu"]

Xiterable.xrange

xrange() as Python 2 (or range() of Python 3).

for (const i of Xiterable.xrange()){ // infinite stream of 0, 1, ...
    console.log(i)
}

[...Xiterable.xrange(4)]        // [0, 1, 2, 3]
[...Xiterable.xrange(1,5)]      // [1, 2, 3, 4]
[...Xiterable.xrange(1,5,2)]    // [1, 3] 

Xiterable.repeat

Returns an iterator with all elements are the same.

for (const i of Xiterable.repeat('spam')) { // infinite stream of 'spam'
    console.log(i)
}

[...Xiterable.repeat('spam', 4)] // ['spam', 'spam', 'spam', 'spam']

See Also

tc39/proposal-iterator-helpers

Looks like this is what standard iterators were supposed to be.

Pro

• It will be the part of the standard if it passes
• lazy like this module
• async version also available.

Cons

• sequencial access only.
  • no .at()
  • no .reversed()