gatsby-source-contentful
v8.15.0
Published
Gatsby source plugin for building websites using the Contentful CMS as a data source
Downloads
164,511
Readme
gatsby-source-contentful
- gatsby-source-contentful
Install
npm install gatsby-source-contentful gatsby-plugin-image
Setup Instructions
To get setup quickly with a new site and have Netlify do the heavy lifting, deploy a new Gatsby Contentful site with just a few clicks on netlify.com.
How to use
First, you need a way to pass environment variables to the build process, so secrets and other secured data aren't committed to source control. We recommend using dotenv
which will then expose environment variables. Read more about dotenv
and using environment variables here. Then we can use these environment variables and configure our plugin.
Restrictions and limitations
This plugin has several limitations, please be aware of these:
At the moment, fields that do not have at least one populated instance will not be created in the GraphQL schema. This can break your site when field values get removed. You may workaround with an extra content entry with all fields filled out.
When using reference fields, be aware that this source plugin will automatically create the reverse reference. You do not need to create references on both content types.
When working with environments, your access token has to have access to your desired environment and the
master
environment.Using the preview functionality might result in broken content over time, as syncing data on preview is not officially supported by Contentful. Make sure to regularly clean your cache when using Contentful's preview API.
The following content type names are not allowed:
entity
,reference
The following field names are restricted and will be prefixed:
children
,contentful_id
,fields
,id
,internal
,parent
,The Plugin has a dependency on
gatsby-plugin-image
which itself has dependencies. Check Displaying responsive image with gatsby-plugin-image to determine which additional plugins you'll need to install.
Using Delivery API
// In your gatsby-config.js
module.exports = {
plugins: [
{
resolve: `gatsby-source-contentful`,
options: {
spaceId: `your_space_id`,
// Learn about environment variables: https://gatsby.dev/env-vars
accessToken: process.env.CONTENTFUL_ACCESS_TOKEN,
},
},
`gatsby-plugin-image`,
],
}
Using Preview API
// In your gatsby-config.js
module.exports = {
plugins: [
{
resolve: `gatsby-source-contentful`,
options: {
spaceId: `your_space_id`,
// Learn about environment variables: https://gatsby.dev/env-vars
accessToken: process.env.CONTENTFUL_ACCESS_TOKEN,
host: `preview.contentful.com`,
},
},
`gatsby-plugin-image`,
],
}
Offline
If you don't have internet connection you can add export GATSBY_CONTENTFUL_OFFLINE=true
to tell the plugin to fallback to the cached data, if there is any.
Configuration options
spaceId
[string][required]
Contentful space ID
accessToken
[string][required]
Contentful delivery API key, when using the Preview API use your Preview API key
host
[string][optional] [default: 'cdn.contentful.com'
]
The base host for all the API requests, by default it's 'cdn.contentful.com'
, if you want to use the Preview API set it to 'preview.contentful.com'
. You can use your own host for debugging/testing purposes as long as you respect the same Contentful JSON structure.
environment
[string][optional] [default: 'master']
The environment to pull the content from, for more info on environments check out this Guide.
downloadLocal
[boolean][optional] [default: false
]
Downloads and caches ContentfulAsset
's to the local filesystem. Allows you to query a ContentfulAsset
's localFile
field, which is not linked to Contentful's CDN. See Download assets for static distribution for more information on when and how to use this feature.
localeFilter
[function][optional] [default: () => true
]
Possibility to limit how many locales/nodes are created in GraphQL. This can limit the memory usage by reducing the amount of nodes created. Useful if you have a large space in Contentful and only want to get the data from one selected locale.
For example, to filter locales on only germany localeFilter: locale => locale.code === 'de-DE'
List of locales and their codes can be found in Contentful app -> Settings -> Locales
proxy
[object][optional] [default: undefined
]
Axios proxy configuration. See the axios request config documentation for further information about the supported values.
useNameForId
[boolean][optional] [default: true
]
Use the content's name
when generating the GraphQL schema e.g. a content type called [Component] Navigation bar
will be named contentfulComponentNavigationBar
.
When set to false
, the content's internal ID will be used instead e.g. a content type with the ID navigationBar
will be called contentfulNavigationBar
.
Using the ID is a much more stable property to work with as it will change less often. However, in some scenarios, content types' IDs will be auto-generated (e.g. when creating a new content type without specifying an ID) which means the name in the GraphQL schema will be something like contentfulC6XwpTaSiiI2Ak2Ww0oi6qa
. This won't change and will still function perfectly as a valid field name but it is obviously pretty ugly to work with.
If you are confident your content types will have natural-language IDs (e.g. blogPost
), then you should set this option to false
. If you are unable to ensure this, then you should leave this option set to true
(the default).
pageLimit
[number][optional] [default: 1000
]
Number of entries to retrieve from Contentful at a time. Due to some technical limitations, the response payload should not be greater than 7MB when pulling content from Contentful. If you encounter this issue you can set this param to a lower number than 100, e.g 50
.
assetDownloadWorkers
[number][optional] [default: 50
]
Number of workers to use when downloading Contentful assets. Due to technical limitations, opening too many concurrent requests can cause stalled downloads. If you encounter this issue you can set this param to a lower number than 50, e.g 25.
contentfulClientConfig
[object][optional] [default: {}
]
Additional config which will get passed to Contentfuls JS SDK.
Use this with caution, you might override values this plugin does set for you to connect to Contentful.
enableTags
[boolean][optional] [default: false
]
Enable the new tags feature. This will disallow the content type name tags
till the next major version of this plugin.
Learn how to use them at the Contentful Tags section.
contentTypeFilter
[function][optional] [default: () => true]
Possibility to limit how many contentType/nodes are created in GraphQL. This can limit the memory usage by reducing the amount of nodes created. Useful if you have a large space in Contentful and only want to get the data from certain content types.
For example, to exclude content types starting with "page" contentTypeFilter: contentType => !contentType.sys.id.startsWith('page')
typePrefix
[string][optional] [default: Contentful
]
Prefix for the type names created in GraphQL. This can be used to avoid conflicts with other plugins, or if you want more than one instance of this plugin in your project. For example, if you set this to Blog
, the type names will be BlogAsset
and allBlogAsset
.
How to query for nodes
Two standard node types are available from Contentful: Asset
and ContentType
.
Asset
nodes will be created in your site's GraphQL schema under contentfulAsset
and allContentfulAsset
.
ContentType
nodes are a little different - their exact name depends on what you called them in your Contentful data models. The nodes will be created in your site's GraphQL schema under contentful${entryTypeName}
and allContentful${entryTypeName}
.
In all cases querying for nodes like contentfulX
will return a single node, and nodes like allContentfulX
will return all nodes of that type.
Query for all nodes
You might query for all of a type of node:
{
allContentfulAsset {
nodes {
contentful_id
title
description
}
}
}
You might do this in your gatsby-node.js
using Gatsby's createPages
Node API.
Query for a single node
To query for a single image
asset with the title 'foo'
and a width of 1600px:
export const assetQuery = graphql`
{
contentfulAsset(title: { eq: "foo" }) {
contentful_id
title
description
file {
fileName
url
contentType
details {
size
image {
height
width
}
}
}
}
}
`
To query for a single CaseStudy
node with the short text properties title
and subtitle
:
{
contentfulCaseStudy(filter: { title: { eq: 'bar' } }) {
title
subtitle
}
}
You might query for a single node inside a component in your src/components
folder, using Gatsby's StaticQuery
component.
A note about LongText fields
On Contentful, a "Long text" field uses Markdown by default. The field is exposed as an object, while the raw Markdown is exposed as a child node.
{
contentfulCaseStudy {
body {
body
}
}
}
Unless the text is Markdown-free, you cannot use the returned value directly. In order to handle the Markdown content, you must use a transformer plugin such as gatsby-transformer-remark
. The transformer will create a childMarkdownRemark
on the "Long text" field and expose the generated html as a child node:
{
contentfulCaseStudy {
body {
childMarkdownRemark {
html
}
}
}
}
You can then insert the returned HTML inline in your JSX:
<div
className="body"
dangerouslySetInnerHTML={{
__html: data.contentfulCaseStudy.body.childMarkdownRemark.html,
}}
/>
Duplicated entries
When Contentful pulls the data, all localizations will be pulled. Therefore, if you have a localization active, it will duplicate the entries. Narrow the search by filtering the query with node_locale
filter:
{
allContentfulCaseStudy(filter: { node_locale: { eq: "en-US" } }) {
edges {
node {
id
slug
title
subtitle
body {
body
}
}
}
}
}
Query for Assets in ContentType nodes
More typically your Asset
nodes will be mixed inside of your ContentType
nodes, so you'll query them together. All the same formatting rules for Asset
and ContentType
nodes apply.
To get all the CaseStudy
nodes with ShortText
fields id
, slug
, title
, subtitle
, LongText
field body
and heroImage
asset field, we use allContentful${entryTypeName}
to return all instances of that ContentType
:
{
allContentfulCaseStudy {
edges {
node {
id
slug
title
subtitle
body {
body
}
heroImage {
title
description
gatsbyImageData(layout: CONSTRAINED)
# Further below in this doc you can learn how to use these response images
}
}
}
}
}
More on Queries with Contentful and Gatsby
It is strongly recommended that you take a look at how data flows in a real Contentful and Gatsby application to fully understand how the queries, Node.js functions and React components all come together. Check out the example site at using-contentful.gatsbyjs.org.
Displaying responsive image with gatsby-plugin-image
To use it:
- Install the required plugins:
npm install gatsby-plugin-image gatsby-plugin-sharp
- Add the plugins to your
gatsby-config.js
:
module.exports = {
plugins: [
`gatsby-plugin-sharp`,
`gatsby-plugin-image`,
// ...etc
],
}
- You can then query for image data using the new
gatsbyImageData
resolver:
{
allContentfulBlogPost {
nodes {
heroImage {
gatsbyImageData(layout: FULL_WIDTH)
}
}
}
}
- Your query will return a dynamic image. Check the documentation of gatsby-plugin-image to learn how to render it on your website.
Check the Reference Guide of gatsby-plugin-image to get a deeper insight on how this works.
Building images on the fly via useContentfulImage
With useContentfulImage
and the URL to the image on the Contentful Image API you can create dynamic images on the fly:
import { GatsbyImage } from "gatsby-plugin-image"
import * as React from "react"
import { useContentfulImage } from "gatsby-source-contentful/hooks"
const MyComponent = () => {
const dynamicImage = useContentfulImage({
image: {
url: "//images.ctfassets.net/k8iqpp6u0ior/3BSI9CgDdAn1JchXmY5IJi/f97a2185b3395591b98008647ad6fd3c/camylla-battani-AoqgGAqrLpU-unsplash.jpg",
width: 2000,
height: 1000,
},
})
return <GatsbyImage image={dynamicImage} />
}
On-the-fly image options:
This hook accepts the same parameters as the gatsbyImageData
field in your GraphQL queries. They are automatically translated to the proper Contentful Image API parameters.
Here are the most relevant ones:
- width: maximum 4000
- height: maximum 4000
- toFormat: defaults to the actual image format
- jpegProgressive: set to
progressive
to enable - quality: between 1 and 100
- resizingBehavior: https://www.contentful.com/developers/docs/references/images-api/#/reference/resizing-&-cropping/change-the-resizing-behavior
- cropFocus: https://www.contentful.com/developers/docs/references/images-api/#/reference/resizing-&-cropping/specify-focus-area
- background: background color in format
rgb:9090ff
- cornerRadius: https://www.contentful.com/developers/docs/references/images-api/#/reference/resizing-&-cropping/crop-rounded-corners-&-circle-elipsis
Contentful Tags
You need to set the enableTags
flag to true
to use this new feature.
List available tags
This example lists all available tags. The sorting is optional.
query TagsQuery {
allContentfulTag(sort: { fields: contentful_id }) {
nodes {
name
contentful_id
}
}
}
Filter content by tags
This filters content entries that are tagged with the numberInteger
tag.
query FilterByTagsQuery {
allContentfulNumber(
sort: { fields: contentful_id }
filter: {
metadata: {
tags: { elemMatch: { contentful_id: { eq: "numberInteger" } } }
}
}
) {
nodes {
title
integer
}
}
}
Contentful Rich Text
Rich Text feature is supported in this source plugin, you can use the following query to get the JSON output:
Note: In our example Content Model the field containing the Rich Text data is called bodyRichText
. Make sure to use your field name within the Query instead of bodyRichText
Query Rich Text content and references
query pageQuery($id: String!) {
contentfulBlogPost(id: { eq: $id }) {
title
slug
# This is the rich text field, the name depends on your field configuration in Contentful
bodyRichText {
raw
references {
... on ContentfulAsset {
# You'll need to query contentful_id in each reference
contentful_id
__typename
fixed(width: 1600) {
width
height
src
srcSet
}
}
... on ContentfulBlogPost {
contentful_id
__typename
title
slug
}
}
}
}
}
Rendering
import { BLOCKS, MARKS } from "@contentful/rich-text-types"
import { renderRichText } from "gatsby-source-contentful/rich-text"
const Bold = ({ children }) => <span className="bold">{children}</span>
const Text = ({ children }) => <p className="align-center">{children}</p>
const options = {
renderMark: {
[MARKS.BOLD]: text => <Bold>{text}</Bold>,
},
renderNode: {
[BLOCKS.PARAGRAPH]: (node, children) => <Text>{children}</Text>,
[BLOCKS.EMBEDDED_ASSET]: node => {
return (
<>
<h2>Embedded Asset</h2>
<pre>
<code>{JSON.stringify(node, null, 2)}</code>
</pre>
</>
)
},
},
}
function BlogPostTemplate({ data }) {
const { bodyRichText } = data.contentfulBlogPost
return <div>{bodyRichText && renderRichText(bodyRichText, options)}</div>
}
Note: The contentful_id
and __typename
fields must be queried on rich-text references in order for the renderNode
to receive the correct data.
Embedding an image in a Rich Text field
Import
import { renderRichText } from "gatsby-source-contentful/rich-text"
GraphQL
mainContent {
raw
references {
... on ContentfulAsset {
contentful_id
__typename
gatsbyImageData
}
}
}
Options
const options = {
renderNode: {
"embedded-asset-block": node => {
const { gatsbyImageData } = node.data.target
if (!gatsbyImageData) {
// asset is not an image
return null
}
return <GatsbyImage image={gatsbyImageData} />
},
},
}
Render
<article>
{blogPost.mainContent && renderRichText(blogPost.mainContent, options)}
</article>
Check out the examples at @contentful/rich-text-react-renderer.
Download assets for static distribution
When you set downloadLocal: true
in your config, the plugin will download and cache Contentful assets to the local filesystem.
There are two main reasons you might want to use this option:
- Avoiding the extra network handshake required to the Contentful CDN for images hosted there
- Gain more control over how images are processed or rendered (ie, providing AVIF with gatsby-plugin-image)
The default setting for this feature is false
, as there are certain tradeoffs for using this feature:
- All assets in your Contentful space will be downloaded during builds
- Your build times and build output size will increase
- Bandwidth going through your CDN will increase (since images are no longer being served from the Contentful CDN)
- You will have to change how you query images and which image fragments you use.
Enable the feature with the downloadLocal: true
option.
// In your gatsby-config.js
module.exports = {
plugins: [
{
resolve: `gatsby-source-contentful`,
options: {
spaceId: `your_space_id`,
// Learn about environment variables: https://gatsby.app/env-vars
accessToken: process.env.CONTENTFUL_ACCESS_TOKEN,
downloadLocal: true,
},
},
],
}
Updating Queries for downloadLocal
When using the downloadLocal
setting, you'll need to update your codebase to be working with the locally downloaded images, rather than the default Contentful Nodes. Query a ContentfulAsset
's localFile
field in GraphQL to gain access to the common fields of the gatsby-source-filesystem
File
node. This is not a Contentful node, so usage for gatsby-plugin-image
is different:
query MyQuery {
# Example is for a `ContentType` with a `ContentfulAsset` field
# You could also query an asset directly via
# `allContentfulAsset { edges{ node { } } }`
# or `contentfulAsset(contentful_id: { eq: "contentful_id here" } ) { }`
contentfulMyContentType {
myContentfulAssetField {
# Query for locally stored file(e.g. An image) - `File` node
localFile {
# Use `gatsby-plugin-image` to create the image data
childImageSharp {
gatsbyImageData(formats: AVIF)
}
}
}
}
}
Note: This feature downloads any file from a ContentfulAsset
node that gatsby-source-contentful
provides. They are all copied over from ./cache/gatsby-source-filesystem/
to the sites build location ./public/static/
.
For any troubleshooting related to this feature, first try clearing your ./cache/
directory. gatsby-source-contentful
will acquire fresh data, and all ContentfulAsset
s will be downloaded and cached again.
Sourcing From Multiple Contentful Spaces
To source from multiple Contentful environments/spaces, add another configuration for gatsby-source-contentful
in gatsby-config.js
:
// In your gatsby-config.js
module.exports = {
plugins: [
{
resolve: `gatsby-source-contentful`,
options: {
spaceId: `your_space_id`,
accessToken: process.env.CONTENTFUL_ACCESS_TOKEN,
},
},
{
resolve: `gatsby-source-contentful`,
options: {
spaceId: `your_second_space_id`,
accessToken: process.env.SECONDARY_CONTENTFUL_ACCESS_TOKEN,
},
},
],
}