full-blockchain-solidity-course-js
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Update: Head to Cyfrin Updraft
ℹ️ Important: This repo is no longer actively maintained as there have been changes in Hardhat tooling. The video is out of sync with the code, and you can still follow along with the video, but you will likely need to troubleshoot the changes in the tooling and dependencies. Note also that best practices have evolved since this video was made.
If you'd like to continue your training with more up-to-date material, you can take a look at Cyfrin Updraft. That content is developed with love by Patrick & Cyfrin <3. However note that Cyfrin Updraft training uses Foundry, not Hardhat, so there will be tooling changes involved.
Web3, Full Stack Solidity, Smart Contract & Blockchain - Beginner to Expert ULTIMATE Course | Javascript Edition
Welcome to the repository for the Ultimate Web3, Full Stack Solidity, and Smart Contract - Beginner to Expert Full Course | Javascript Edition FreeCodeCamp Course!
Link to video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gyMwXuJrbJQ
All code references have both a javascript and a typescript edition.
Recommended Testnet: Sepolia
We have updated the repos to work with Sepolia due to Rinkeby and Kovan being sunset, and Goerli being a disaster. Let us know if any of the changes break stuff!
Testnet Faucets
Main Faucet: https://faucets.chain.link Backup Faucet: https://sepoliafaucet.com/
⚠️ All code associated with this course is for demo purposes only. They have not been audited and should not be considered production ready. Please use at your own risk.
Resources For This Course
Questions
- Github Discussions
- Ask questions and chat about the course here!
- Stack Exchange Ethereum
- Great place for asking technical questions about Ethereum
- StackOverflow
- Great place for asking technical questions overall
Table of Contents
Lesson 0: The Edge of the Rabbit Hole
Welcome to the course!
⌨️ (00:00:00) Lesson 0: Welcome To Blockchain
Best Practices
- Follow the repository: While going through the course be 100% certain to follow along with the github repository. If you run into in an issue check the chronological-updates in the repo.
- Be Active in the community: Ask questions and engage with other developers going through the course in the discussions tab, be sure to go and say hello or gm! This space is different from the other industries, you don't have to be secretive; communicate, network and learn with others :)
- Learn at your own pace: It doesn't matter if it takes you a day, a week, a month or even a year. Progress >>> Perfection
- Take Breaks: You will exhaust your mind and recall less if you go all out and watch the entire course in one sitting. Suggested Strategy every 25 minutes take a 5 min break, and every 2 hours take a longer 30 min break
- Refer to Documentation: Things are constantly being updated, so whenever Patrick opens up some documentation, open it your end and maybe even have the code sample next to you.
Lesson 1: Blockchain Basics
⌨️ (00:09:05) Lesson 1: Blockchain Basics
What is a Blockchain? What does a blockchain do?
- Bitcoin Whitepaper
- Ethereum Whitepaper
- What is a Smart Contract?
- Nick Szabo
- Hybrid Smart Contracts
- Blockchain Oracles
- Terminology
- Web3
- What is a blockchain
The Purpose Of Smart Contracts
⌨️ (00:18:27) The Purpose of Smart Contracts
- 🎥 Original Video
- 🦬 My ETH Denver Talk
- 🍔 McDonalds Scandal
- ⛓ More on the evolution of agreements
- ✍️ What is a Smart Contract?
- 🧱 How does a blockchain work?
- 🔮 Chainlink & Oracles
Other Blockchain Benefits
⌨️ (00:30:41) Other Blockchain Benefits
- Decentralized
- Transparency & Flexibility
- Speed & Efficiency
- Security & Immutability
- Counterparty Risk Removal
- Trust Minimized Agreements
What have Smart Contracts done so far?
⌨️ (00:36:36) What have Smart Contracts done so far?
Making Your First Transaction
⌨️ (00:39:17) Making Your First Transaction
- Metamask Download Link
- Etherscan
- Sepolia Etherscan
- Sepolia Faucet (Check the link token contracts page)
- NOTE: The Chainlink documentation always has the most up to date faucets on their link token contracts page. If the faucet above is broken, check the chainlink documentation for the most up to date faucet.
- OR, use the Sepolia ETH Faucet, just be sure to swap your metamask to Sepolia!
Gas I: Introduction to Gas
⌨️ (00:58:59) Gas I: Introduction to Gas
How Do Blockchains Work?
⌨️ (01:05:32) How Do Blockchains Work
Signing Transactions
⌨️ (01:22:55) Signing Transactions
Gas II
⌨️ (01:30:22) Gas II: Block Rewards & EIP 1559
- Block Rewards
- Advanced Gas
- EIP 1559
- GWEI, WEI, and ETH
Gas II Summary
High-Level Blockchain Fundamentals
[⌨️ (01:39:32) High-Level Blockchain Fundamentals]https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gyMwXuJrbJQ&t=5972s()
🎊🎊🎊🎊🎊🎊🎊🎊🎊🎊🎊🎊 Completed Blockchain Basics! 🎊🎊🎊🎊🎊🎊🎊🎊🎊🎊🎊🎊
Lesson 2: Welcome to Remix! Simple Storage
⌨️ (02:01:16) Lesson 2: Welcome to Remix! Simple Storage
💻 Code: https://github.com/PatrickAlphaC/simple-storage-fcc
Introduction
Setting Up Your First Contract
⌨️ (02:05:18) Setting Up Your First Contract
- Versioning
- Take notes in your code!
- What is a software license
- SPDX License
- Compiling
- Contract Declaration
Basic Solidity: Types
⌨️ (02:12:28) Basic Solidity Types
- Types & Declaring Variables
uint256
,int256
,bool
,string
,address
,bytes32
- Solidity Types
- Bits and Bytes
- Default Initializations
- Comments
Basic Solidity: Functions
⌨️ (02:18:40) Basic Solidity Functions
- Functions
- Deploying a Contract
- Smart Contracts have addresses just like our wallets
- Calling a public state-changing Function
- Visibility
- Gas III | An example
- Scope
- View & Pure Functions
Basic Solidity: Arrays & Structs
⌨️ (02:35:30) Basic Solidity Arrays & Structs
- Structs
- Intro to Storage
- Arrays
- Dynamic & Fixed Sized
push
array function
Basic Solidity: Compiler Errors and Warnings
⌨️ (02:45:35) Basic Solidity Errors & Warnings
- Yellow: Warnings are Ok
- Red: Errors are not Ok
Memory, Storage, Calldata (Intro)
⌨️ (02:46:34) Basic Solidity Memory, Storage, & Calldata (Intro)
- 6 Places you can store and access data
- calldata
- memory
- storage
- code
- logs
- stack
Mappings
⌨️ (02:50:17) Basic Solidity Mappings
Deploying your First Contract
⌨️ (02:53:38) Deploying your First Contract
- A testnet or mainnet
- Connecting Metamask
- Find a faucet here
- See the faucets at the top of this readme!
- Interacting with Deployed Contracts
The EVM & A Recap of Lesson 2
⌨️ (03:03:07) The EVM & A Recap of Lesson 2
- The EVM
Lesson 3: Remix Storage Factory
⌨️ (03:05:34) Lesson 3: Remix Storage Factory
💻 Code: https://github.com/PatrickAlphaC/storage-factory-fcc
Introduction
Basic Solidity: Importing Contracts into other Contracts
⌨️ (03:07:29) Importing Contracts into other Contracts
Basic Solidity: Interacting with other Contracts
⌨️ (03:16:36) Interacting with other contracts
- To interact, you always need: ABI + Address
- ABI
Basic Solidity: Inheritance & Overrides
⌨️ (03:25:23) Inheritance & Overrides
Lesson 3 Recap
Lesson 4: Remix Fund Me
⌨️ (03:31:55) Lesson 4: Remix Fund Me
💻 Code: https://github.com/PatrickAlphaC/fund-me-fcc
Introduction
Sending ETH Through a Function & Reverts
Chainlink & Oracles
- What is a blockchain oracle?
- What is the oracle problem?
- Chainlink
- Chainlink Price Feeds (Data Feeds)
- Chainlink VRF
- Chainlink Keepers
- Chainlink API Calls
- Importing Tokens into your Metamask
- Request and Receive Chainlink Model
Review of Sending ETH and working with Chainlink
Interfaces & Price Feeds
Importing from GitHub & NPM
Floating Point Math in Solidity
- tuple
- Floating Point Numbers in Solidity
- Type Casting
- Gas Estimation Failed
- Someone should make an article explaining this error
Basic Solidity: Arrays & Structs II
Review of Interfaces, Importing from GitHub, & Math in Solidity
Libraries
SafeMath, Overflow Checking, and the "unchecked" keyword
Basic Solidity: For Loop
- For Loop
/* */
is another way to make comments
Basic Solidity: Resetting an Array
Sending ETH from a Contract
Basic Solidity: Constructor
Basic Solidity: Modifiers
Testnet Demo
Advanced Solidity
Immutable & Constant
- Immutable
- Constant
- Current ETH Gas Prices
- Don't stress about gas optimizations! (yet)
- Naming Conventions
Custom Errors
Receive & Fallback Functions
Lesson 4 Recap
🎊🎊🎊🎊🎊🎊🎊🎊🎊🎊🎊🎊 Completed Solidity Basics! 🎊🎊🎊🎊🎊🎊🎊🎊🎊🎊🎊🎊
Lesson 5: Ethers.js Simple Storage
⌨️ (05:30:42) Lesson 5: Ethers.js Simple Storage
💻 Code: https://github.com/PatrickAlphaC/ethers-simple-storage-fcc
🧪 Alchemy: https://alchemy.com/?a=673c802981
Effective Debugging Strategies & Getting Help
⌨️ (5:30:46) Effective Debugging Stategies & Getting Help
- Tinker and isolate problem
- For this course, take at LEAST 15 minutes to figure out a bug.
- Google / Web Search the Exact problem
- Go to this GitHub Repo / Discussions
- Ask a question on a Forum like Stack Exchange Ethereum or Stack Overflow
- Format your questions!!
- Use Markdown
How to Debug Anything Video
Installation & Setup
Mac & Linux Setup
Windows Setup
- WSL
- When working in WSL, use Linux commands instead of Windows commands
- TroubleShooting
curl -o- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/nvm-sh/nvm/v0.39.1/install.sh | bash
⚠️ Please use Gitpod as an absolute last resort
Gitpod
- Gitpod
- If using this, NEVER share a private key with real money on Gitpod
- Ideally you figure out the MacOS, Linux, or Windows install though
Local Development Introduction
CMD + K
orCTRL + K
clears the terminalmkdir ethers-simple-storage-fcc
code .
to open VSCode in a new VSCode window
Optional Javascript Crash Courses
Import your
SimpleStorage.sol
Format your solidity code with:
"[solidity]": {
"editor.defaultFormatter": "NomicFoundation.hardhat-solidity"
},
"[javascript]":{
"editor.defaultFormatter": "esbenp.prettier-vscode"
}
In your .vscode/settings.json
file.
Tiny Javascript Refresher
Asynchronous Programming in Javascript
Compiling our Solidity
Ganache & Networks
- Ganache
- Networks in Metamask
- RPC URL
- Geth
- JSON RPC Spec Playground
Introduction to Ethers.js
A Note on the await Keyword
Adding Transaction Overrides
Transaction Receipts
Sending a "raw" Transaction in Ethers.js
Interacting with Contracts in Ethers.js
Environment Variables
Better Private Key Management
Optional Prettier Formatting
Deploying to a Testnet or a Mainnet
- Alchemy
- Getting your private key from Metamask
CTRL + C
stops any terminal command
Verifying on Block Explorers from the UI
Alchemy Dashboard & The Mempool
Lesson 5 Recap
Typescript Ethers Simple Storage
Lesson 6: Hardhat Simple Storage
⌨️ (08:20:17) Lesson 6: Hardhat Simple Storage
💻 Code: https://github.com/PatrickAlphaC/hardhat-simple-storage-fcc
Introduction
Hardhat Setup
Troubleshooting Hardhat Setup
⌨️ (08:29:43) Troubleshooting Hardhat Setup
Hardhat Setup Continued
⌨️ (08:31:48) Hardhat Setup Continued
Deploying SimpleStorage from Hardhat
⌨️ (08:33:10) Deploying SimpleStorage from Hardhat
Networks in Hardhat
⌨️ (08:41:44) Networks in Hardhat
Programmatic Verification
⌨️ (08:51:16) Programmatic Verification
Interacting with Contracts in Hardhat
⌨️ (09:06:37) Interacting with Contracts in Hardhat
Artifacts Troubleshooting
⌨️ (09:09:42) Artifacts Troubleshooting
Custom Hardhat Tasks
⌨️ (09:10:52) Custom Hardhat Tasks
Hardhat Localhost Node
⌨️ (09:18:12) Hardhat Localhost Node
The Hardhat Console
⌨️ (09:23:11) The Hardhat Console
Hardhat Tests
Hardhat Gas Reporter
⌨️ (09:38:10) Hardhat Gas Reporter
Solidity Coverage
⌨️ (09:44:40) Solidity Coverage
Hardhat Waffle
Lesson 6 Recap
Typescript Hardhat Simple Storage
⌨️ (09:52:15) Typescript Hardhat Simple Storage
yarn add --dev @typechain/ethers-v5 @typechain/hardhat @types/chai @types/node @types/mocha ts-node typechain typescript
Lesson 7: Hardhat Fund Me
⌨️ (10:00:48) Lesson 7: Hardhat Fund Me
💻 Code: https://github.com/PatrickAlphaC/hardhat-fund-me-fcc
Introduction
Hardhat Setup - Fund Me
⌨️ (10:03:41) Hardhat Setup - Fund Me
Linting
Hardhat Setup - Fund Me - Continued
⌨️ (10:07:47) Hardhat Setup - Fund Me - Continued
Importing from NPM
⌨️ (10:09:38) Importing from NPM
Hardhat Deploy
Mocking
- Mocking
- Aave Github
- Chainlink Github
- Multiple Versions of Solidity
- Tags in hardhat
Utils Folder
Testnet Demo - Hardhat Fund Me
⌨️ (10:55:45) Testnet Demo - Hardhat Fund Me
- Hardhat Deploy Block Confirmations
TypeScript
- Code file (TypeScript edition)
- Define blockConfirmations in the
helper-hardhat-config.ts
file instead ofhardhat-config.js
.
Solidity Style Guide
⌨️ (11:00:10) Solidity Style Guide
Testing Fund Me
- Unit Testing
- Hardhat Deploy Fixtures
- ethers.getContract
- expect
- ethers.utils.parseUnits
- Waffle Chai Matchers
Breakpoints & Debugging
⌨️ (11:30:39) Breakpoints & Debugging
Gas III
console.log & Debugging
⌨️ (11:36:35) console.log & Debugging
Testing Fund Me II
⌨️ (11:37:31) Testing Fund Me II
Storage in Solidity
⌨️ (11:44:34) Storage in Solidity
Gas Optimizations using Storage Knowledge
⌨️ (11:52:38) Gas Optimizations using Storage Knowledge
- Opcodes
- Opcodes by Gas
- Opcodes by Gas
- Append
s_
to storage variables - Append
i_
to immutable variables - Caps lock and underscore constant variables
Solidity Chainlink Style Guide
⌨️ (12:05:29) Solidity Chainlink Style Guide
Storage Review
Staging Tests
Running Scripts on a Local Node
⌨️ (12:17:58) Running Scripts on a Local Node
Adding Scripts to your package.json
⌨️ (12:22:00) Adding Scripts to your package.json
Pushing to GitHub
⌨️ (12:25:17) Pushing to GitHub
🐸🐦 Tweet Me (add your repo in)!
Lesson 8: HTML / Javascript Fund Me (Full Stack / Front End)
⌨️ (12:32:57) Lesson 8: HTML / Javascript Fund Me (Full Stack / Front End)
💻 Code: https://github.com/PatrickAlphaC/html-fund-me-fcc
Introduction
How Websites work with Web3 Wallets
- How to Connect your Smart Contracts to Metamask
- 💻 Code from Video: https://github.com/PatrickAlphaC/full-stack-web3-metamask-connectors
- ✍️ Article from Video: https://betterprogramming.pub/everything-you-need-to-know-about-fullstack-web3-94c0f1b18019?sk=a2764bcbdae98bf05e1052931de77982
HTML Setup
- Live Server: ExtensionID: ritwickdey.LiveServer
Connecting HTML to Metamask
Javascript in it's own file
ES6 vs Nodejs
Sending a transaction from a Website
Resetting an Account in Metamask
MetaMask - RPC Error:
[ethjs-query] while formatting ouputs from RPC '{"value":{"code":-32603,"data":{"code":-32000,"message":"Nonce too high. Expected nonce to be 2 but got 4. Note that transactions can't be queued when automining."}}}'
Listening for Events and Completed Transactions
Input Forms
Reading from the Blockchain
Withdraw Function
Lesson 8 Recap
Optional Links:
Lesson 9: Hardhat Smart Contract Lottery
⌨️ (13:41:02) Lesson 9: Hardhat Smart Contract Lottery
💻 Code: https://github.com/PatrickAlphaC/hardhat-smartcontract-lottery-fcc
Introduction
Hardhat Setup - Smart Contract Lottery
- Install dependencies:
yarn add --dev @nomiclabs/hardhat-ethers@npm:hardhat-deploy-ethers ethers @nomiclabs/hardhat-etherscan @nomiclabs/hardhat-waffle chai ethereum-waffle hardhat hardhat-contract-sizer hardhat-deploy hardhat-gas-reporter prettier prettier-plugin-solidity solhint solidity-coverage dotenv
- Install dependencies (Typescript version):
yarn add --dev @nomiclabs/hardhat-ethers@npm:hardhat-deploy-ethers ethers @nomiclabs/hardhat-etherscan @nomiclabs/hardhat-waffle chai ethereum-waffle hardhat hardhat-contract-sizer hardhat-deploy hardhat-gas-reporter prettier prettier-plugin-solidity solhint solidity-coverage dotenv @typechain/ethers-v5 @typechain/hardhat @types/chai @types/node ts-node typechain typescript
Raffle.sol Setup
⌨️ (13:46:55) Raffle.sol Setup
Introduction to Events
⌨️ (13:54:02) Introduction to Events
Events in Raffle.sol
⌨️ (14:00:47) Events in Raffle.sol
Introduction to Chainlink VRF
⌨️ (14:02:30) Introduction to Chainlink VRF
Sub-Lesson: Chainlink VRF
Implementing Chainlink VRF - Introduction
⌨️ (14:09:53) Implementing Chainlink VRF
Hardhat Shorthand
Implementing Chainlink VRF - The Request
Implementing Chainlink VRF - The FulFill
Modulo
Introduction to Chainlink Keepers
Implementing Chainlink Keepers - checkUpkeep
Enums
Implementing Chainlink Keepers - checkUpkeep continued
- block.timestamp