StringUtilsLib

A library provided by Arachnid and forked here by Modular to provide internal string utility functions for smart contracts on an Ethereum network. Big thanks to Nick Johnson for allowing us to add this to our collective library repository. The library is currently an exact copy of the original however we are in the process of adding external functionality for utf-8 byte arrays in contract storage.

• Library Address
• License and Warranty
• Installation and Usage
  • How to install
  • Testing
  • solc Installation
    • With standard JSON input
    • solc documentation
  • solc-js Installation
    • Solc-js documentation
• Overview
• Examples
  • Basic usage
  • Getting the character length of a string
  • Splitting a string around a delimiter
  • Splitting a string into an array
  • Extracting the middle part of a string
  • Converting a slice back to a string
  • Finding and returning the first occurrence of a substring
  • Finding and returning the last occurrence of a substring
  • Finding without modifying the original slice.
  • Prefix and suffix matching
  • Removing a prefix or suffix
  • Finding and returning the string up to the first match
  • Concatenating strings
• Reference
  • toSlice(string) internal returns (StringUtilsLib.slice)
    • Arguments
    • Returns
  • copy(StringUtilsLib.slice) internal returns (StringUtilsLib.slice)
    • Arguments
    • Returns
  • toString(StringUtilsLib.slice) internal view returns (string)
    • Arguments
    • Returns
  • len(StringUtilsLib.slice) internal view returns (uint)
    • Arguments
    • Returns
  • empty(StringUtilsLib.slice) internal view returns (bool)
    • Arguments
    • Returns
  • compare(StringUtilsLib.slice, StringUtilsLib.slice) internal view returns (int)
    • Arguments
    • Returns
  • equals(StringUtilsLib.slice, StringUtilsLib.slice) internal view returns (bool)
    • Arguments
    • Returns
  • nextRune(StringUtilsLib.slice, StringUtilsLib.slice) internal returns (StringUtilsLib.slice)
    • Arguments
    • Returns
  • nextRune(StringUtilsLib.slice) internal returns (StringUtilsLib.slice)
    • Arguments
    • Returns
  • ord(StringUtilsLib.slice) internal view returns (uint)
    • Arguments
    • Returns
  • keccak(StringUtilsLib.slice) internal view returns (bytes32)
    • Arguments
    • Returns
  • startsWith(StringUtilsLib.slice, StringUtilsLib.slice) internal view returns (bool)
    • Arguments
    • Returns
  • beyond(StringUtilsLib.slice, StringUtilsLib.slice) internal returns (StringUtilsLib.slice)
    • Arguments
    • Returns
  • endsWith(StringUtilsLib.slice, StringUtilsLib.slice) internal view returns (bool)
    • Arguments
    • Returns
  • until(StringUtilsLib.slice, StringUtilsLib.slice) internal returns (StringUtilsLib.slice)
    • Arguments
    • Returns
  • find(StringUtilsLib.slice, StringUtilsLib.slice) internal returns (StringUtilsLib.slice)
    • Arguments
    • Returns
  • rfind(StringUtilsLib.slice, StringUtilsLib.slice) internal returns (StringUtilsLib.slice)
    • Arguments
    • Returns
  • split(StringUtilsLib.slice, StringUtilsLib.slice, StringUtilsLib.slice) internal returns (StringUtilsLib.slice)
    • Arguments
    • Returns
  • split(StringUtilsLib.slice, StringUtilsLib.slice) internal returns (StringUtilsLib.slice)
    • Arguments
    • Returns
  • rsplit(StringUtilsLib.slice, StringUtilsLib.slice, StringUtilsLib.slice) internal returns (StringUtilsLib.slice)
    • Arguments
    • Returns
  • rsplit(StringUtilsLib.slice, StringUtilsLib.slice) internal returns (StringUtilsLib.slice)
    • Arguments
    • Returns
  • count(StringUtilsLib.slice, StringUtilsLib.slice) internal view returns (uint)
    • Arguments
    • Returns
  • contains(StringUtilsLib.slice, StringUtilsLib.slice) internal view returns (bool)
    • Arguments
    • Returns
  • concat(StringUtilsLib.slice, StringUtilsLib.slice) internal view returns (string)
    • Arguments
    • Returns
  • join(StringUtilsLib.slice, StringUtilsLib.slice[]) internal view returns (string)
    • Arguments
    • Returns

Library Address

This library includes only internal functions at this time and therefore does not need to be deployed for use.

License and Warranty

Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"). You may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at

  http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0   

Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License.

Installation and Usage

How to install

npm install ethereum-libraries-string-utils

Testing

Test: npm run test

Test Coverage: npm run test:coverage

solc Installation

version 0.4.21

For direction and instructions on how the Solidity command line compiler works see the documentation.

With standard JSON input

The Standard JSON Input provides an easy interface to include libraries. Include the following as part of your JSON input file:

{
  "language": "Solidity",
  "sources":
  {
    "YourContract.sol": {
      ...
      ...
    },
    "StringUtilsLib.sol": {
      "content": "[Contents of StringUtilsLib.sol]"
    }
  },
  "settings":
  {
    ...
    "libraries": {}
  }
}

Note: Since this library currently uses all internal or private functions the compiler will not create unlinked binary.

solc documentation

See the solc documentation for further information.

solc-js Installation

version 0.4.21

Solc-js provides javascript bindings for the Solidity compiler and can be found here. Please refer to their documentation for detailed use.

This version of Solc-js also uses the standard JSON input to compile a contract. The entry function is compileStandardWrapper() and you can create a standard JSON object explained under the solc section and incorporate it as follows:

var solc = require('solc');
var fs = require('fs');

var file = fs.readFileSync('/path/to/YourContract.sol','utf8');
var StringUtilsLib = fs.readFileSync('./path/to/StringUtilsLib.sol','utf8');

var input = {
  "language": "Solidity",
  "sources":
  {
    "YourContract.sol": {
      "content": file
    },
    "StringUtilsLib.sol": {
      "content": StringUtilsLib
    }
  },
  "settings":
  {
    ...
    "libraries": {}
    ...
  }
}

var output = JSON.parse(solc.compileStandardWrapper(JSON.stringify(input)));

//Where the output variable is a standard JSON output object.

Solc-js documentation

See the Solc-js documentation for further information.

Overview

Functionality in this library is largely implemented using an abstraction called a 'slice'. A slice represents a part of a string - anything from the entire string to a single character, or even no characters at all (a 0-length slice). Since a slice only has to specify an offset and a length, copying and manipulating slices is a lot less expensive than copying and manipulating the strings they reference.

To further reduce gas costs, most functions on slice that need to return a slice modify the original one instead of allocating a new one; for instance, s.split(".") will return the text up to the first '.', modifying s to only contain the remainder of the string after the '.'. In situations where you do not want to modify the original slice, you can make a copy first with .copy(), for example: s.copy().split("."). Try and avoid using this idiom in loops; since Solidity has no memory management, it will result in allocating many short-lived slices that are later discarded.

Functions that return two slices come in two versions: a non-allocating version that takes the second slice as an argument, modifying it in place, and an allocating version that allocates and returns the second slice; see nextRune for example.

Functions that have to copy string data will return strings rather than slices; these can be cast back to slices for further processing if required.

Examples

Basic usage

import "./StringUtilsLib.sol";

contract Contract {
    using StringUtilsLib for *;

    // ...
}

Getting the character length of a string

var len = "Unicode snowman ☃".toSlice().len(); // 17

Splitting a string around a delimiter

var s = "foo bar baz".toSlice();
var foo = s.split(" ".toSlice());

After the above code executes, s is now "bar baz", and foo is now "foo".

Splitting a string into an array

var s = "www.google.com".toSlice();
var delim = ".".toSlice();
var parts = new string[](s.count(delim) + 1);
for(uint i = 0; i < parts.length; i++) {
    parts[i] = s.split(delim).toString();
}

Extracting the middle part of a string

var s = "www.google.com".toSlice();
strings.slice memory part;
s.split(".".toSlice(), part); // part and return value is "www"
s.split(".".toSlice(), part); // part and return value is "google"

This approach uses less memory than the above, by reusing the slice part for each section of string extracted.

Converting a slice back to a string

var myString = mySlice.toString();

Finding and returning the first occurrence of a substring

var s = "A B C B D".toSlice();
s.find("B".toSlice()); // "B C B D"

find modifies s to contain the part of the string from the first match onwards.

Finding and returning the last occurrence of a substring

var s = "A B C B D".toSlice();
s.rfind("B".toSlice()); // "A B C B"

rfind modifies s to contain the part of the string from the last match back to the start.

Finding without modifying the original slice.

var s = "A B C B D".toSlice();
var substring = s.copy().rfind("B".toSlice()); // "A B C B"

copy lets you cheaply duplicate a slice so you don't modify the original.

Prefix and suffix matching

var s = "A B C B D".toSlice();
s.startsWith("A".toSlice()); // True
s.endsWith("D".toSlice()); // True
s.startsWith("B".toSlice()); // False

Removing a prefix or suffix

var s = "A B C B D".toSlice();
s.beyond("A ".toSlice()).until(" D".toSlice()); // "B C B"

beyond modifies s to contain the text after its argument; until modifies s to contain the text up to its argument. If the argument isn't found, s is unmodified.

Finding and returning the string up to the first match

var s = "A B C B D".toSlice();
var needle = "B".toSlice();
var substring = s.until(s.copy().find(needle).beyond(needle));

Calling find on a copy of s returns the part of the string from needle onwards; calling .beyond(needle) removes needle as a prefix, and finally calling s.until() removes the entire end of the string, leaving everything up to and including the first match.

Concatenating strings

var s = "abc".toSlice().concat("def".toSlice()); // "abcdef"

Reference

toSlice(string) internal returns (StringUtilsLib.slice)

(StringUtilsLib.sol, line 95)

Returns a slice containing the entire string.

Arguments

string self The string to make a slice from.

Returns

StringUtilsLib.slice A newly allocated slice containing the entire string.

copy(StringUtilsLib.slice) internal returns (StringUtilsLib.slice)

(StringUtilsLib.sol, line 157)

Returns a new slice containing the same data as the current slice.

Arguments

StringUtilsLib.slice self The slice to copy.

Returns

StringUtilsLib.slice A new slice containing the same data as self.

toString(StringUtilsLib.slice) internal view returns (string)

(StringUtilsLib.sol, line 166)

Copies a slice to a new string.

Arguments

StringUtilsLib.slice self The slice to copy.

Returns

string A newly allocated string containing the slice's text.

len(StringUtilsLib.slice) internal view returns (uint)

(StringUtilsLib.sol, line 184)

Returns the length in runes of the slice. Note that this operation takes time proportional to the length of the slice; avoid using it in loops, and call slice.empty() if you only need to know whether the slice is empty or not.

Arguments

StringUtilsLib.slice self The slice to operate on.

Returns

uint The length of the slice in runes.

empty(StringUtilsLib.slice) internal view returns (bool)

(StringUtilsLib.sol, line 215)

Returns true if the slice is empty (has a length of 0).

Arguments

StringUtilsLib.slice self The slice to operate on.

Returns

bool True if the slice is empty, false otherwise.

compare(StringUtilsLib.slice, StringUtilsLib.slice) internal view returns (int)

(StringUtilsLib.sol, line 228)

Returns a positive number if other comes lexicographically after self, a negative number if it comes before, or zero if the contents of the two slices are equal. Comparison is done per-rune, on unicode codepoints.

Arguments

StringUtilsLib.slice self The first slice to compare.
StringUtilsLib.slice other The second slice to compare.

Returns

int The result of the comparison.

equals(StringUtilsLib.slice, StringUtilsLib.slice) internal view returns (bool)

(StringUtilsLib.sol, line 261)

Returns true if the two slices contain the same text.

Arguments

StringUtilsLib.slice self The first slice to compare.
StringUtilsLib.slice other The second slice to compare.

Returns

bool True if the slices are equal, false otherwise.

nextRune(StringUtilsLib.slice, StringUtilsLib.slice) internal returns (StringUtilsLib.slice)

(StringUtilsLib.sol, line 272)

Extracts the first rune in the slice into rune, advancing the slice to point to the next rune and returning self.

Arguments

StringUtilsLib.slice self The slice to operate on.
StringUtilsLib.slice rune The slice that will contain the first rune.

Returns

StringUtilsLib.slice rune

nextRune(StringUtilsLib.slice) internal returns (StringUtilsLib.slice)

(StringUtilsLib.sol, line 314)

Returns the first rune in the slice, advancing the slice to point to the next rune.

Arguments

StringUtilsLib.slice self The slice to operate on.

Returns

StringUtilsLib.slice A slice containing only the first rune from self.

ord(StringUtilsLib.slice) internal view returns (uint)

(StringUtilsLib.sol, line 323)

Returns the number of the first codepoint in the slice.

Arguments

StringUtilsLib.slice self The slice to operate on.

Returns

uint The number of the first codepoint in the slice.

keccak(StringUtilsLib.slice) internal view returns (bytes32)

(StringUtilsLib.sol, line 372)

Returns the keccak-256 hash of the slice.

Arguments

StringUtilsLib.slice self The slice to hash.

Returns

bytes32 The hash of the slice.

startsWith(StringUtilsLib.slice, StringUtilsLib.slice) internal view returns (bool)

(StringUtilsLib.sol, line 384)

Returns true if self starts with needle.

Arguments

StringUtilsLib.slice self The slice to operate on.
StringUtilsLib.slice needle The slice to search for.

Returns

bool True if the slice starts with the provided text, false otherwise.

beyond(StringUtilsLib.slice, StringUtilsLib.slice) internal returns (StringUtilsLib.slice)

(StringUtilsLib.sol, line 410)

If self starts with needle, needle is removed from the beginning of self. Otherwise, self is unmodified.

Arguments

StringUtilsLib.slice self The slice to operate on.
StringUtilsLib.slice needle The slice to search for.

Returns

StringUtilsLib.slice self

endsWith(StringUtilsLib.slice, StringUtilsLib.slice) internal view returns (bool)

(StringUtilsLib.sol, line 439)

Returns true if the slice ends with needle.

Arguments

StringUtilsLib.slice self The slice to operate on.
StringUtilsLib.slice needle The slice to search for.

Returns

bool True if the slice starts with the provided text, false otherwise.

until(StringUtilsLib.slice, StringUtilsLib.slice) internal returns (StringUtilsLib.slice)

(StringUtilsLib.sol, line 467)

If self ends with needle, needle is removed from the end of self. Otherwise, self is unmodified.

Arguments

StringUtilsLib.slice self The slice to operate on.
StringUtilsLib.slice needle The slice to search for.

Returns

StringUtilsLib.slice self

find(StringUtilsLib.slice, StringUtilsLib.slice) internal returns (StringUtilsLib.slice)

(StringUtilsLib.sol, line 602)

Modifies self to contain everything from the first occurrence of needle to the end of the slice. self is set to the empty slice if needle is not found.

Arguments

StringUtilsLib.slice self The slice to operate on.
StringUtilsLib.slice needle The text to search for.

Returns

StringUtilsLib.slice self

rfind(StringUtilsLib.slice, StringUtilsLib.slice) internal returns (StringUtilsLib.slice)

(StringUtilsLib.sol, line 617)

Modifies self to contain the part of the string from the start of self to the end of the first occurrence of needle. If needle is not found, self is set to the empty slice.

Arguments

StringUtilsLib.slice self The slice to search and modify.
StringUtilsLib.slice needle The text to search for.

Returns

StringUtilsLib.slice self

split(StringUtilsLib.slice, StringUtilsLib.slice, StringUtilsLib.slice) internal returns (StringUtilsLib.slice)

(StringUtilsLib.sol, line 633)

Splits the slice, setting self to everything after the first occurrence of needle, and token to everything before it. If needle does not occur in self, self is set to the empty slice, and token is set to the entirety of self.

Arguments

StringUtilsLib.slice self The slice to split.
StringUtilsLib.slice needle The text to search for in self.
StringUtilsLib.slice token An output parameter to which the first token is written.

Returns

StringUtilsLib.slice token

split(StringUtilsLib.slice, StringUtilsLib.slice) internal returns (StringUtilsLib.slice)

(StringUtilsLib.sol, line 656)

Splits the slice, setting self to everything after the first occurrence of needle, and returning everything before it. If needle does not occur in self, self is set to the empty slice, and the entirety of self is returned.

Arguments

StringUtilsLib.slice self The slice to split.
StringUtilsLib.slice needle The text to search for in self.

Returns

StringUtilsLib.slice token The part of self up to the first occurrence of needle.

rsplit(StringUtilsLib.slice, StringUtilsLib.slice, StringUtilsLib.slice) internal returns (StringUtilsLib.slice)

(StringUtilsLib.sol, line 670)

Splits the slice, setting self to everything before the last occurrence of needle, and token to everything after it. If needle does not occur in self, self is set to the empty slice, and token is set to the entirety of self.

Arguments

StringUtilsLib.slice self The slice to split.
StringUtilsLib.slice needle The text to search for in self.
StringUtilsLib.slice token An output parameter to which the first token is written.

Returns

StringUtilsLib.slice token

rsplit(StringUtilsLib.slice, StringUtilsLib.slice) internal returns (StringUtilsLib.slice)

(StringUtilsLib.sol, line 670)

Splits the slice, setting self to everything before the last occurrence of needle, and returning everything after it. If needle does not occur in self, self is set to the empty slice, and the entirety of self is returned.

Arguments

StringUtilsLib.slice self The slice to split.
StringUtilsLib.slice needle The text to search for in self.

Returns

StringUtilsLib.slice token The part of self after the last occurrence of needle.

count(StringUtilsLib.slice, StringUtilsLib.slice) internal view returns (uint)

(StringUtilsLib.sol, line 702)

Counts the number of non overlapping occurrences of needle in self.

Arguments

StringUtilsLib.slice self The slice to split.
StringUtilsLib.slice needle The text to search for in self.

Returns

uint count The number of occurrences of needle found in self.

contains(StringUtilsLib.slice, StringUtilsLib.slice) internal view returns (bool)

(StringUtilsLib.sol, line 716)

Returns True if self contains needle.

Arguments

StringUtilsLib.slice self The slice to search.
StringUtilsLib.slice needle The text to search for in self.

Returns

bool True if needle is found in self, false otherwise.

concat(StringUtilsLib.slice, StringUtilsLib.slice) internal view returns (string)

(StringUtilsLib.sol, line 727)

Returns a newly allocated string containing the concatenation of self and other.

Arguments

StringUtilsLib.slice self The first slice to concatenate.
StringUtilsLib.slice other The second slice to concatenate.

Returns

string The concatenation of the two strings.

join(StringUtilsLib.slice, StringUtilsLib.slice[]) internal view returns (string)

(StringUtilsLib.sol, line 744)

Joins an array of slices, using self as a delimiter, returning a newly allocated string.

Arguments

StringUtilsLib.slice self The delimiter to use.
StringUtilsLib.slice[] parts A list of slices to join.

Returns

string A newly allocated string containing all the slices in parts, joined with self.