Simple and modern async event emitter

It works in Node.js and the browser (using a bundler).

Emitting events asynchronously is important for production code where you want the least amount of synchronous operations. Since JavaScript is single-threaded, no other code can run while doing synchronous operations. For Node.js, that means it will block other requests, defeating the strength of the platform, which is scalability through async. In the browser, a synchronous operation could potentially cause lags and block user interaction.

Install

npm install emittery

Usage

import Emittery from 'emittery';

const emitter = new Emittery();

emitter.on('🦄', data => {
	console.log(data);
});

const myUnicorn = Symbol('🦄');

emitter.on(myUnicorn, data => {
	console.log(`Unicorns love ${data}`);
});

emitter.emit('🦄', '🌈'); // Will trigger printing '🌈'
emitter.emit(myUnicorn, '🦋');  // Will trigger printing 'Unicorns love 🦋'

API

eventName

Emittery accepts strings, symbols, and numbers as event names.

Symbol event names are preferred given that they can be used to avoid name collisions when your classes are extended, especially for internal events.

isDebugEnabled

Toggle debug mode for all instances.

Default: true if the DEBUG environment variable is set to emittery or *, otherwise false.

Example:

import Emittery from 'emittery';

Emittery.isDebugEnabled = true;

const emitter1 = new Emittery({debug: {name: 'myEmitter1'}});
const emitter2 = new Emittery({debug: {name: 'myEmitter2'}});

emitter1.on('test', data => {
	// …
});

emitter2.on('otherTest', data => {
	// …
});

emitter1.emit('test');
//=> [16:43:20.417][emittery:subscribe][myEmitter1] Event Name: test
//	data: undefined

emitter2.emit('otherTest');
//=> [16:43:20.417][emittery:subscribe][myEmitter2] Event Name: otherTest
//	data: undefined

emitter = new Emittery(options?)

Create a new instance of Emittery.

options?

Type: object

Configure the new instance of Emittery.

debug?

Type: object

Configure the debugging options for this instance.

name

Type: string
Default: undefined

Define a name for the instance of Emittery to use when outputting debug data.

Example:

import Emittery from 'emittery';

Emittery.isDebugEnabled = true;

const emitter = new Emittery({debug: {name: 'myEmitter'}});

emitter.on('test', data => {
	// …
});

emitter.emit('test');
//=> [16:43:20.417][emittery:subscribe][myEmitter] Event Name: test
//	data: undefined

enabled?

Type: boolean
Default: false

Toggle debug logging just for this instance.

Example:

import Emittery from 'emittery';

const emitter1 = new Emittery({debug: {name: 'emitter1', enabled: true}});
const emitter2 = new Emittery({debug: {name: 'emitter2'}});

emitter1.on('test', data => {
	// …
});

emitter2.on('test', data => {
	// …
});

emitter1.emit('test');
//=> [16:43:20.417][emittery:subscribe][emitter1] Event Name: test
//	data: undefined

emitter2.emit('test');

logger?

Type: Function(string, string, EventName?, Record<string, any>?) => void

Default:

(type, debugName, eventName, eventData) => {
	if (typeof eventData === 'object') {
		eventData = JSON.stringify(eventData);
	}

	if (typeof eventName === 'symbol' || typeof eventName === 'number') {
		eventName = eventName.toString();
	}

	const currentTime = new Date();
	const logTime = `${currentTime.getHours()}:${currentTime.getMinutes()}:${currentTime.getSeconds()}.${currentTime.getMilliseconds()}`;
	console.log(`[${logTime}][emittery:${type}][${debugName}] Event Name: ${eventName}\n\tdata: ${eventData}`);
}

Function that handles debug data.

Example:

import Emittery from 'emittery';

const myLogger = (type, debugName, eventName, eventData) => {
	console.log(`[${type}]: ${eventName}`);
};

const emitter = new Emittery({
	debug: {
		name: 'myEmitter',
		enabled: true,
		logger: myLogger
	}
});

emitter.on('test', data => {
	// …
});

emitter.emit('test');
//=> [subscribe]: test

on(eventName | eventName[], listener)

Subscribe to one or more events.

Returns an unsubscribe method.

Using the same listener multiple times for the same event will result in only one method call per emitted event.

import Emittery from 'emittery';

const emitter = new Emittery();

emitter.on('🦄', data => {
	console.log(data);
});

emitter.on(['🦄', '🐶'], data => {
	console.log(data);
});

emitter.emit('🦄', '🌈'); // log => '🌈' x2
emitter.emit('🐶', '🍖'); // log => '🍖'

Custom subscribable events

Emittery exports some symbols which represent "meta" events that can be passed to Emitter.on and similar methods.

• Emittery.listenerAdded - Fires when an event listener was added.
• Emittery.listenerRemoved - Fires when an event listener was removed.

import Emittery from 'emittery';

const emitter = new Emittery();

emitter.on(Emittery.listenerAdded, ({listener, eventName}) => {
	console.log(listener);
	//=> data => {}

	console.log(eventName);
	//=> '🦄'
});

emitter.on('🦄', data => {
	// Handle data
});

Listener data

• listener - The listener that was added.
• eventName - The name of the event that was added or removed if .on() or .off() was used, or undefined if .onAny() or .offAny() was used.

Only events that are not of this type are able to trigger these events.

listener(data)

off(eventName | eventName[], listener)

Remove one or more event subscriptions.

import Emittery from 'emittery';

const emitter = new Emittery();

const listener = data => {
	console.log(data);
};

emitter.on(['🦄', '🐶', '🦊'], listener);
await emitter.emit('🦄', 'a');
await emitter.emit('🐶', 'b');
await emitter.emit('🦊', 'c');
emitter.off('🦄', listener);
emitter.off(['🐶', '🦊'], listener);
await emitter.emit('🦄', 'a'); // Nothing happens
await emitter.emit('🐶', 'b'); // Nothing happens
await emitter.emit('🦊', 'c'); // Nothing happens

listener(data)

once(eventName | eventName[])

Subscribe to one or more events only once. It will be unsubscribed after the first event.

Returns a promise for the event data when eventName is emitted. This promise is extended with an off method.

import Emittery from 'emittery';

const emitter = new Emittery();

emitter.once('🦄').then(data => {
	console.log(data);
	//=> '🌈'
});

emitter.once(['🦄', '🐶']).then(data => {
	console.log(data);
});

emitter.emit('🦄', '🌈'); // Log => '🌈' x2
emitter.emit('🐶', '🍖'); // Nothing happens

events(eventName)

Get an async iterator which buffers data each time an event is emitted.

Call return() on the iterator to remove the subscription.

import Emittery from 'emittery';

const emitter = new Emittery();
const iterator = emitter.events('🦄');

emitter.emit('🦄', '🌈1'); // Buffered
emitter.emit('🦄', '🌈2'); // Buffered

iterator
	.next()
	.then(({value, done}) => {
		// done === false
		// value === '🌈1'
		return iterator.next();
	})
	.then(({value, done}) => {
		// done === false
		// value === '🌈2'
		// Revoke subscription
		return iterator.return();
	})
	.then(({done}) => {
		// done === true
	});

In practice, you would usually consume the events using the for await statement. In that case, to revoke the subscription simply break the loop.

import Emittery from 'emittery';

const emitter = new Emittery();
const iterator = emitter.events('🦄');

emitter.emit('🦄', '🌈1'); // Buffered
emitter.emit('🦄', '🌈2'); // Buffered

// In an async context.
for await (const data of iterator) {
	if (data === '🌈2') {
		break; // Revoke the subscription when we see the value '🌈2'.
	}
}

It accepts multiple event names.

import Emittery from 'emittery';

const emitter = new Emittery();
const iterator = emitter.events(['🦄', '🦊']);

emitter.emit('🦄', '🌈1'); // Buffered
emitter.emit('🦊', '🌈2'); // Buffered

iterator
	.next()
	.then(({value, done}) => {
		// done === false
		// value === '🌈1'
		return iterator.next();
	})
	.then(({value, done}) => {
		// done === false
		// value === '🌈2'
		// Revoke subscription
		return iterator.return();
	})
	.then(({done}) => {
		// done === true
	});

emit(eventName, data?)

Trigger an event asynchronously, optionally with some data. Listeners are called in the order they were added, but executed concurrently.

Returns a promise that resolves when all the event listeners are done. Done meaning executed if synchronous or resolved when an async/promise-returning function. You usually wouldn't want to wait for this, but you could for example catch possible errors. If any of the listeners throw/reject, the returned promise will be rejected with the error, but the other listeners will not be affected.

emitSerial(eventName, data?)

Same as above, but it waits for each listener to resolve before triggering the next one. This can be useful if your events depend on each other. Although ideally they should not. Prefer emit() whenever possible.

If any of the listeners throw/reject, the returned promise will be rejected with the error and the remaining listeners will not be called.

onAny(listener)

Subscribe to be notified about any event.

Returns a method to unsubscribe.

listener(eventName, data)

offAny(listener)

Remove an onAny subscription.

anyEvent()

Get an async iterator which buffers a tuple of an event name and data each time an event is emitted.

Call return() on the iterator to remove the subscription.

import Emittery from 'emittery';

const emitter = new Emittery();
const iterator = emitter.anyEvent();

emitter.emit('🦄', '🌈1'); // Buffered
emitter.emit('🌟', '🌈2'); // Buffered

iterator.next()
	.then(({value, done}) => {
		// done === false
		// value is ['🦄', '🌈1']
		return iterator.next();
	})
	.then(({value, done}) => {
		// done === false
		// value is ['🌟', '🌈2']
		// Revoke subscription
		return iterator.return();
	})
	.then(({done}) => {
		// done === true
	});

In the same way as for events, you can subscribe by using the for await statement

clearListeners(eventNames?)

Clear all event listeners on the instance.

If eventNames is given, only the listeners for that events are cleared.

listenerCount(eventNames?)

The number of listeners for the eventNames or all events if not specified.

bindMethods(target, methodNames?)

Bind the given methodNames, or all Emittery methods if methodNames is not defined, into the target object.

import Emittery from 'emittery';

const object = {};

new Emittery().bindMethods(object);

object.emit('event');

TypeScript

The default Emittery class has generic types that can be provided by TypeScript users to strongly type the list of events and the data passed to their event listeners.

import Emittery from 'emittery';

const emitter = new Emittery<
	// Pass `{[eventName]: undefined | <eventArg>}` as the first type argument for events that pass data to their listeners.
	// A value of `undefined` in this map means the event listeners should expect no data, and a type other than `undefined` means the listeners will receive one argument of that type.
	{
		open: string,
		close: undefined
	}
>();

// Typechecks just fine because the data type for the `open` event is `string`.
emitter.emit('open', 'foo\n');

// Typechecks just fine because `close` is present but points to undefined in the event data type map.
emitter.emit('close');

// TS compilation error because `1` isn't assignable to `string`.
emitter.emit('open', 1);

// TS compilation error because `other` isn't defined in the event data type map.
emitter.emit('other');

Emittery.mixin(emitteryPropertyName, methodNames?)

A decorator which mixins Emittery as property emitteryPropertyName and methodNames, or all Emittery methods if methodNames is not defined, into the target class.

import Emittery from 'emittery';

@Emittery.mixin('emittery')
class MyClass {}

const instance = new MyClass();

instance.emit('event');

Scheduling details

Listeners are not invoked for events emitted before the listener was added. Removing a listener will prevent that listener from being invoked, even if events are in the process of being (asynchronously!) emitted. This also applies to .clearListeners(), which removes all listeners. Listeners will be called in the order they were added. So-called any listeners are called after event-specific listeners.

Note that when using .emitSerial(), a slow listener will delay invocation of subsequent listeners. It's possible for newer events to overtake older ones.

Debugging

Emittery can collect and log debug information.

To enable this feature set the DEBUG environment variable to 'emittery' or '*'. Additionally you can set the static isDebugEnabled variable to true on the Emittery class, or myEmitter.debug.enabled on an instance of it for debugging a single instance.

See API for more details on how debugging works.

FAQ

How is this different than the built-in EventEmitter in Node.js?

There are many things to not like about EventEmitter: its huge API surface, synchronous event emitting, magic error event, flawed memory leak detection. Emittery has none of that.

Isn't EventEmitter synchronous for a reason?

Mostly backwards compatibility reasons. The Node.js team can't break the whole ecosystem.

It also allows silly code like this:

let unicorn = false;

emitter.on('🦄', () => {
	unicorn = true;
});

emitter.emit('🦄');

console.log(unicorn);
//=> true

But I would argue doing that shows a deeper lack of Node.js and async comprehension and is not something we should optimize for. The benefit of async emitting is much greater.

Can you support multiple arguments for emit()?

No, just use destructuring:

emitter.on('🦄', ([foo, bar]) => {
	console.log(foo, bar);
});

emitter.emit('🦄', [foo, bar]);

Related

• p-event - Promisify an event by waiting for it to be emitted