Docx-templates

Template-based docx report creation for both Node and the browser. (See the blog post).

Why?

• Write documents naturally using Word, just adding some commands where needed for dynamic contents
• Express your data needs (queries) in the template itself (QUERY command), in whatever query language you want (e.g. in GraphQL). This is similar to the Relay way™: in Relay, data requirements are declared alongside the React components that need the data
• Execute JavaScript snippets (EXEC command, or ! for short)
• Insert the result of JavaScript snippets in your document (INS, = or just nothing)
• Embed images, hyperlinks and even HTML dynamically (IMAGE, LINK, HTML). Dynamic images can be great for on-the-fly QR codes, downloading photos straight to your reports, charts… even maps!
• Add loops with FOR/END-FOR commands, with support for table rows, nested loops, and JavaScript processing of elements (filter, sort, etc)
• Include contents conditionally, IF a certain JavaScript expression is truthy
• Define custom aliases for some commands (ALIAS) — useful for writing table templates!
• Run all JavaScript in a separate Node VM or a user-provided sandbox.
• Include literal XML
• Written in TypeScript, so ships with type definitions.
• Plenty of examples in this repo (with Node, Webpack and Browserify)
• Supports .docm templates in addition to regular .docx files.

Contributions are welcome!

Table of contents

• Installation
• Node usage
• Deno usage
• Browser usage
  • Polyfilled browser-ready bundle
  • Browser template compatibility caveat
  • Running within a Web Worker
• Writing templates
  • Custom command delimiters
  • Supported commands
    • QUERY
    • INS (=, or nothing at all)
    • EXEC (!)
    • IMAGE
    • LINK
    • HTML
    • FOR and END-FOR
    • IF and END-IF
    • ALIAS (and alias resolution with *)
  • Inserting literal XML
• Error handling
  • Error types
  • Custom error handler
• Inspecting templates
• Performance & security
• Similar projects
• License (MIT)

Installation

$ npm install docx-templates

...or using yarn:

$ yarn add docx-templates

Node usage

Here is a simple example, with report data injected directly as an object:

import createReport from 'docx-templates';
import fs from 'fs';

const template = fs.readFileSync('myTemplate.docx');

const buffer = await createReport({
  template,
  data: {
    name: 'John',
    surname: 'Appleseed',
  },
});

fs.writeFileSync('report.docx', buffer)

You can also provide a sync or Promise-returning callback function (query resolver) instead of a data object:

const report = await createReport({
  template,
  data: query => graphqlServer.execute(query),
});

Your resolver callback will receive the query embedded in the template (in a QUERY command) as an argument.

Other options (with defaults):

const report = await createReport({
  // ...
  additionalJsContext: {
    // all of these will be available to JS snippets in your template commands (see below)
    foo: 'bar',
    qrCode: async url => {
      /* build QR and return image data */
    },
  },
  cmdDelimiter: '+++',
    /* default for backwards compatibility; but even better: ['{', '}'] */
  literalXmlDelimiter: '||',
  processLineBreaks: true,
  noSandbox: false,

  /**
   * Whether to fail on the first error encountered in the template. Defaults to true. Can be used to collect all errors in a template (e.g. misspelled commands) before failing.
   */
  failFast: true,

  /**
   * When set to `true`, this setting ensures createReport throws an error when the result of an INS, HTML, IMAGE, or LINK command turns out to be null or undefined,
   * as this usually indicates a mistake in the template or the invoking code (defaults to `false`).
   */
  rejectNullish: false,

  /**
   * MS Word usually autocorrects JS string literal quotes with unicode 'smart' quotes ('curly' quotes). E.g. 'aubergine' -> ‘aubergine’.
   * This causes an error when evaluating commands containing these smart quotes, as they are not valid JavaScript.
   * If you set fixSmartQuotes to 'true', these smart quotes will automatically get replaced with straight quotes (') before command evaluation.
   * Defaults to false.
   */
  fixSmartQuotes: false;

  /**
   * Maximum loop iterations allowed when walking through the template.
   * You can increase this to generate reports with large amount of FOR loop elements.
   * Tip: You can disable infinite loop protection by using the `Infinity` constant.
   * This may be useful if you implement a process timeout instead.
   * (Default: 1,000,000)
   */
  maximumWalkingDepth: 1_000_000;
});

Check out the Node examples folder.

Deno usage

You can use docx-templates in Deno! Just follow the Browser guide and import the polyfilled docx-templates bundle, for example from unpkg:

// @deno-types="https://unpkg.com/docx-templates/lib/bundled.d.ts"
import { createReport } from 'https://unpkg.com/docx-templates/lib/browser.js';

Note that you have to set noSandbox: true or bring your own sandbox with the runJs option.

Browser usage

You can use docx-templates in the browser (yay!). Just as when using docx-templates in Node, you need to provide the template contents as a Buffer-like object.

For example when the template is on your server you can get it with something like:

const template = await fetch('./template.docx').then(res => res.arrayBuffer())

Or if the user provides the template you can get a File object with:

<input type="file">

Then read this file in an ArrayBuffer, feed it to docx-templates, and download the result:

import createReport from 'docx-templates';

const onTemplateChosen = async () => {
  const template = await readFileIntoArrayBuffer(myFile);
  const report = await createReport({
    template,
    data: { name: 'John', surname: 'Appleseed' },
  });
  saveDataToFile(
    report,
    'report.docx',
    'application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document'
  );
};

// Load the user-provided file into an ArrayBuffer
const readFileIntoArrayBuffer = fd =>
  new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
    const reader = new FileReader();
    reader.onerror = reject;
    reader.onload = () => {
      resolve(reader.result);
    };
    reader.readAsArrayBuffer(fd);
  });

You can find an example implementation of saveDataToFile() in the Webpack example.

Check out the examples using Webpack and using Browserify or you can use the browserified bundle directly as discussed below.

Polyfilled browser-ready bundle

As this library depends on the internal NodeJS modules vm, stream, util, events and the Buffer global, your build tools have to polyfill these modules when using the library in the browser. We provide a browser build which includes the required polyfills. Its file size is about 300K uncompressed or 85K / 70K with gzip / brotli compression).

You can import the library directly as a module using e.g. the unpkg.com CDN, like below, or you can host the /lib/browser.js bundle yourself.

import { createReport } from 'https://unpkg.com/docx-templates/lib/browser.js';

this is good for testing or prototyping but you should keep in mind that the browser.js is es2017 code which is supported by only 95% of users. If you have to support IE or old browser versions, you are better off compiling it to your target. Also see the support table for es2017 here.

Browser template compatibility caveat

Note that the JavaScript code in your .docx template will be run as-is by the browser. Transpilers like Babel can't see this code, and won't be able to polyfill it. This means that the JS code in your template needs to be compatible with the browsers you are targeting. In other words: don't use fancy modern syntax and functions in your template if you want older browsers, like IE11, to be able to render it.

Running within a Web Worker

Note that you need to disable the sandbox mode using the noSandbox: true option to be able to run createReport from within a web worker. This is because the default sandbox mode browser polyfills require access to the iframe API, which is not available from a web worker context. Make sure you are aware of the security implications of disabling the sandbox.

Writing templates

You can find several template examples in this repo:

• SWAPI, a good example of what you can achieve embedding a template (GraphQL in this case) in your report, including a simple script for report generation. Uses the freak-ish online Star Wars GraphQL API.
• Dynamic images: with examples of images that are dynamically downloaded or created. Check out the images-many-tiles example for a taste of this powerful feature.
• Browser-based examples using Webpack and using Browserify.

Custom command delimiters

You can use different left/right command delimiters by passing an array to cmdDelimiter:

const report = await createReport({
  // ...
  cmdDelimiter: ['{', '}'],
})

This allows much cleaner-looking templates!

Then you can add commands and JS snippets in your template like this: {foo}, {project.name} {QUERY ...}, {FOR ...}.

When choosing a delimiter, take care not to introduce conflicts with JS syntax, especially if you are planning to use larger JS code snippets in your templates. For example, with ['{', '}'] you may run into conflicts as the brackets in your JS code may be mistaken for command delimiters. As an alternative, consider using multi-character delimiters, like {# and #} (see issue #102).

Supported commands

Currently supported commands are defined below.

Insert data with the INS command ( or using =, or nothing at all)

Inserts the result of a given JavaScript snippet as follows.

Using code like this:

 const report = await createReport({
    template,
    data: { name: 'John', surname: 'Appleseed' },
    cmdDelimiter: ['+++', '+++'],
  });

And a template like this:

+++name+++ +++surname+++

Will produce a result docx file that looks like this:

John Appleseed

Alternatively, you can use the more explicit INS (insert) command syntax.

+++INS name+++ +++INS surname+++

Note that the last evaluated expression is inserted into the document, so you can include more complex code if you wish:

+++INS
const a = Math.random();
const b = Math.round((a - 0.5) * 20);
`A number between -10 and 10: ${b}.`
+++

You can also use = as shorthand notation instead of INS:

+++= name+++ +++= surname+++

Even shorter (and with custom cmdDelimiter: ['{', '}']):

{name} {surname}

You can also access functions in the additionalJsContext parameter to createReport(), which may even return a Promise. The resolved value of the Promise will be inserted in the document.

Use JavaScript's ternary operator to implement an if-else structure:

+++= $details.year != null ? `(${$details.year})` : ''+++

QUERY

You can use GraphQL, SQL, whatever you want: the query will be passed unchanged to your data query resolver.

+++QUERY
query getData($projectId: Int!) {
  project(id: $projectId) {
    name
    details { year }
    people(sortedBy: "name") { name }
  }
}
+++

For the following sections (except where noted), we assume the following dataset:

const data = {
  project: {
    name: 'docx-templates',
    details: { year: '2016' },
    people: [{ name: 'John', since: 2015 }, { name: 'Robert', since: 2010 }],
  },
};

EXEC (!)

Executes a given JavaScript snippet, just like INS or =, but doesn't insert anything in the document. You can use EXEC, for example, to define functions or constants before using them elsewhere in your template.

+++EXEC
myFun = () => Math.random();
MY_CONSTANT = 3;
+++

+++! ANOTHER_CONSTANT = 5; +++

Usage elsewhere will then look like

+++= MY_CONSTANT +++
+++= ANOTHER_CONSTANT +++
+++= myFun() +++

A note on scoping:

When disabling sandbox mode (noSandbox: true), the scoping behaviour is slightly different. Disabling the sandbox will execute each EXEC snippet's code in a with(this){...} context, where this is the 'context' object. This 'context' object is re-used between the code snippets of your template. The critical difference outside of sandbox mode is that you are not declaring functions and variables in the global scope by default. The only way to assign to the global scope is to assign declarations as properties of the context object. This is simplified by the with(context){} wrapper: all global declarations are actually added as properties to this context object. Locally scoped declarations are not. _The above examples should work in both noSandbox: true and noSandbox: false.

This example declares the test function in the context object, making it callable from another snippet.

test = () => {};

While the below example only declares test in the local scope of the snippet, meaning it gets garbage collected after the snippet has executed.

function test() {};

IMAGE

Includes an image with the data resulting from evaluating a JavaScript snippet:

+++IMAGE qrCode(project.url)+++

In this case, we use a function from additionalJsContext object passed to createReport() that looks like this:

  additionalJsContext: {
    qrCode: url => {
      const dataUrl = createQrImage(url, { size: 500 });
      const data = dataUrl.slice('data:image/gif;base64,'.length);
      return { width: 6, height: 6, data, extension: '.gif' };
    },
  }

The JS snippet must return an image object or a Promise of an image object, containing:

• width: desired width of the image on the page in cm. Note that the aspect ratio should match that of the input image to avoid stretching.
• height desired height of the image on the page in cm.
• data: either an ArrayBuffer or a base64 string with the image data
• extension: one of '.png', '.gif', '.jpg', '.jpeg', '.svg'.
• thumbnail [optional]: when injecting an SVG image, a fallback non-SVG (png/jpg/gif, etc.) image can be provided. This thumbnail is used when SVG images are not supported (e.g. older versions of Word) or when the document is previewed by e.g. Windows Explorer. See usage example below.
• alt [optional]: optional alt text.
• rotation [optional]: optional rotation in degrees, with positive angles moving clockwise.
• caption [optional]: optional caption displayed below the image

In the .docx template:

+++IMAGE injectSvg()+++

Note that you can center the image by centering the IMAGE command in the template.

In the createReport call:

additionalJsContext: {
  injectSvg: () => {
      const svg_data = Buffer.from(`<svg  xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
                                  <rect x="10" y="10" height="100" width="100" style="stroke:#ff0000; fill: #0000ff"/>
                                </svg>`, 'utf-8');

      // Providing a thumbnail is technically optional, as newer versions of Word will just ignore it.
      const thumbnail = {
        data: fs.readFileSync('sample.png'),
        extension: '.png',
      };
      return { width: 6, height: 6, data: svg_data, extension: '.svg', thumbnail };                    
    }
  }

LINK

Includes a hyperlink with the data resulting from evaluating a JavaScript snippet:

+++LINK ({ url: project.url, label: project.name })+++

If the label is not specified, the URL is used as a label.

HTML

Takes the HTML resulting from evaluating a JavaScript snippet and converts it to Word contents.

Important: This uses altchunk, which is only supported in Microsoft Word, and not in e.g. LibreOffice or Google Docs.

+++HTML `
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<body>
  <h1>${$film.title}</h1>
  <h3>${$film.releaseDate.slice(0, 4)}</h3>
  <p>
    <strong style="color: red;">This paragraph should be red and strong</strong>
  </p>
</body>
`+++

FOR and END-FOR

Loop over a group of elements (resulting from the evaluation of a JavaScript expression):

+++FOR person IN project.people+++
+++INS $person.name+++ (since +++INS $person.since+++)
+++END-FOR person+++

Note that inside the loop, the variable relative to the current element being processed must be prefixed with $.

It is possible to get the current element index of the inner-most loop with the variable $idx, starting from 0. For example:

+++FOR company IN companies+++
Company (+++$idx+++): +++INS $company.name+++
Executives:
+++FOR executive IN $company.executives+++
-	+++$idx+++ +++$executive+++
+++END-FOR executive+++
+++END-FOR company+++

Since JavaScript expressions are supported, you can for example filter the loop domain:

+++FOR person IN project.people.filter(person => person.since > 2013)+++
...

FOR loops also work over table rows:

----------------------------------------------------------
| Name                         | Since                   |
----------------------------------------------------------
| +++FOR person IN             |                         |
| project.people+++            |                         |
----------------------------------------------------------
| +++INS $person.name+++       | +++INS $person.since+++ |
----------------------------------------------------------
| +++END-FOR person+++         |                         |
----------------------------------------------------------

And let you dynamically generate columns:

+-------------------------------+--------------------+------------------------+
| +++ FOR row IN rows+++        |                    |                        |
+===============================+====================+========================+
| +++ FOR column IN columns +++ | +++INS $row+++     | +++ END-FOR column +++ |
|                               |                    |                        |
|                               | Some cell content  |                        |
|                               |                    |                        |
|                               | +++INS $column+++  |                        |
+-------------------------------+--------------------+------------------------+
| +++ END-FOR row+++            |                    |                        |
+-------------------------------+--------------------+------------------------+

Finally, you can nest loops (this example assumes a different data set):

+++FOR company IN companies+++
+++INS $company.name+++
+++FOR person IN $company.people+++
* +++INS $person.firstName+++
+++FOR project IN $person.projects+++
    - +++INS $project.name+++
+++END-FOR project+++
+++END-FOR person+++

+++END-FOR company+++

IF and END-IF

Include contents conditionally (depending on the evaluation of a JavaScript expression):

+++IF person.name === 'Guillermo'+++
+++= person.fullName +++
+++END-IF+++

Similarly to the FOR command, it also works over table rows. You can also nest IF commands and mix & match IF and FOR commands. In fact, for the technically inclined: the IF command is implemented as a FOR command with 1 or 0 iterations, depending on the expression value.

ALIAS (and alias resolution with *)

Define a name for a complete command (especially useful for formatting tables):

+++ALIAS name INS $person.name+++
+++ALIAS since INS $person.since+++

----------------------------------------------------------
| Name                         | Since                   |
----------------------------------------------------------
| +++FOR person IN             |                         |
| project.people+++            |                         |
----------------------------------------------------------
| +++*name+++                  | +++*since+++            |
----------------------------------------------------------
| +++END-FOR person+++         |                         |
----------------------------------------------------------

Inserting literal XML

You can also directly insert Office Open XML markup into the document using the literalXmlDelimiter, which is by default set to ||.

E.g. if you have a template like this:

+++INS text+++

await createReport({
  template,
  data: { text: 'foo||<w:br/>||bar' },
}

See http://officeopenxml.com/anatomyofOOXML.php for a good reference of the internal XML structure of a docx file.

Error handling

By default, the Promise returned by createReport will reject with an error immediately when a problem is encountered in the template, such as a bad command (i.e. it 'fails fast'). In some cases, however, you may want to collect all errors that may exist in the template before failing. For example, this is useful when you are letting your users create templates interactively. You can disable fast-failing by providing the failFast: false parameter as shown below. This will make createReport reject with an array of errors instead of a single error so you can get a more complete picture of what is wrong with the template.

try {
  const report = await createReport({
    template,
    data: {
      name: 'John',
      surname: 'Appleseed',
    },
    failFast: false,
  });
} catch (errors) {
  if (Array.isArray(errors)) {
    // An array of errors likely caused by bad commands in the template.
    console.log(errors);
  } else {
    // Not an array of template errors, indicating something more serious.
    throw errors;
  }
}

Error types

The library exposes the following error types. See the errors.ts module for details.

NullishCommandResultError // thrown when rejectNullish is set to true and a command returns null or undefined
ObjectCommandResultError // thrown when the result of an `INS` command is an Object. This ensures you don't accidentally put `'[object Object]'` in your report.
CommandSyntaxError
InvalidCommandError
CommandExecutionError
ImageError
InternalError
TemplateParseError
IncompleteConditionalStatementError // thrown when an IF-statement has no corresponding END-IF command
UnterminatedForLoopError // thrown when a `FOR` loop is not properly terminated with an `END-FOR`

Custom error handler

A custom error handler callback can be provided to handle any errors that may occur when executing commands from a template. The value returned by this callback will be inserted into the rendered document instead. The callback is provided with two arguments: the error that was caught and the raw code of the command.

  const report = await createReport({
    template,
    data: {
      name: 'John',
      surname: 'Appleseed',
    },
    errorHandler: (err, command_code) => {
      return 'command failed!';
    },
  });

Using a custom errorHandler in combination with rejectNullish = true allows users to intelligently replace the result of commands that returned null or undefined (make sure to check for NullishCommandResultError).

Inspecting templates

The listCommands function lets you list all the commands in a docx template using the same parser as createReport.

import { listCommands } from 'docx-templates';
const template_buffer = fs.readFileSync('template.docx');
const commands = await listCommands(template_buffer, ['{', '}']);

// `commands` will contain something like:
[
  { raw: 'INS some_variable', code: 'some_variable', type: 'INS' },
  { raw: 'IMAGE svgImgFile()', code: 'svgImgFile()', type: 'IMAGE' },
]

The getMetadata function lets you extract the metadata fields from a document, such as the number of pages or words. Note that this feature has a few limitations:

• Not all fields may be available, depending on the document.
• These metadata fields, including the number of pages, are only updated by MS Word (or LibreOffice) when saving the document. Docx-templates does not alter these metadata fields, so the number of pages may not reflect the actual size of your rendered document (see issue #240). Docx-templates can not reliably determine the number of pages in a document, as this requires a full-fledged docx renderer (e.g. MS Word).

    import { getMetadata } from 'docx-templates';
    const template = fs.readFileSync('template.docx');
    await getMetadata(template)
    // result:
      Object {
        "category": undefined,
        "characters": 24,
        "company": undefined,
        "created": "2015-08-16T18:55:00Z",
        "creator": "Someone Else",
        "description": undefined,
        "lastModifiedBy": "Grau Panea, Guillermo",
        "lastPrinted": undefined,
        "lines": 1,
        "modified": "2016-12-15T11:21:00Z",
        "pages": 1,
        "paragraphs": 1,
        "revision": "32",
        "subject": undefined,
        "template": "Normal.dotm",
        "title": undefined,
        "words": 4,
      }

Performance & security

Templates can contain arbitrary javascript code. Beware of code injection risks!

Obviously, this is less of an issue when running docx-templates in a browser environment.

Regardless of whether you are using sandboxing or not (noSandbox: true), be aware that allowing users to upload arbitrary templates to be executed on your server poses a significant security threat. Use at your own risk.

The library uses require('vm') as its default sandboxing environment. Note that this sandbox is explicitly not meant to be used as a security mechanism. You can provide your own sandboxing environment if you want, as shown in this example project.

Note that turning off the sandbox (noSandbox: true) is known to give significant performance improvements when working with large templates or datasets. However, before you do this, make sure you are aware of the security implications.

Similar projects

• docxtemplater (believe it or not, I just discovered this very similarly-named project after brushing up my old CS code for docx-templates and publishing it for the first time!). It provides lots of goodies, but doesn't allow (AFAIK) embedding queries or JS snippets.

• docx and similar ones - generate docx files from scratch, programmatically. Drawbacks of this approach: they typically do not support all Word features, and producing a complex document can be challenging.

License (MIT)

This Project is licensed under the MIT License. See LICENSE for more information.