Code.org API for ES6

This is a library for native support of Code.org's JavaScript API. I made this to help my class transition from Code.org's limited environment to native ES6's expressiveness and power.

How is it different than code.org?

If you're familiar to code.org, the JavaScript API is very similar. However, there is no "app lab" UI to put together your apps, so any declarative elements (elements that are present before your code runs) must be written in HTML. I recommend using the JavaScript API instead because I haven't made any abstractions to the DOM that would improve your experience.

In addition, not everything is supported yet. I am currently working on adding more features like drop-downs and radios. They shouldn't be too difficult but I am focusing on the core features for now.

What do I need to know?

This library is written in ES6 with native modules. In other words, this library uses brand new JavaScript capabilities that are not supported in all browsers. Therefore, you should know at least some about how to use ES6 import and let/const, as well as basic JavaScript.

If you follow along in this guide, I will also show you how to set up Webpack, a program that bundles and transforms new JavaScript so that it will work everywhere; and npm, a "package manager" for JavaScript that helps you keep track of open source code you use automatically.

Get Started

For this guide, I will assume that the reader has never touched any code outside of code.org.

Step Zero: Get Access to a Terminal

This is essential: if you want to do real development with code, you either need a terminal or a Continuous Deployment (CD) solution. Terminals take different forms depending on your operating system.

• Windows: You can either use PowerShell or cmd, but the former is generally better. Find these by using Windows search or Win+X.
• macOS: Unless you already have your preferred terminal installed, use Terminal.app, a default app you can find in Launchpad -> Utilities
• Linux: if you're using linux, you probably already know how to use a terminal.

Here is a good article that applies to macOS, Linux, and PowerShell: How to Use the Terminal & Command Line

Now that you are ready to start your project, create a new folder to store your project in and change your terminal directory to it. (i.e. cd Documents/my-project)

Step One: npm

1. Make sure you have npm installed on your computer.
2. Run npm init and answer the questions.
   • This makes sure you have a package.json, the file npm uses to keep track of your app and its dependencies.
3. Install dependencies.
   • We need webpack to package our app and babel to make the app compatible with all browsers
   • Run npm i --save webpack webpack-cli babel-core babel-loader babel-preset-env code-api to install dependencies.
4. Add a script.
   • To make development easier, npm lets you define scripts that you can run using the command line. We will define a script that will build your app (this will involve editing package.json, so if you don't know how JSON works, check out JSON in the extra help section).
     1. In package.json, add a new key called "scripts" with an empty object as its value.

        {
          ...
          "scripts": {},
          ...
        }

     2. In the new object, make a new entry called "build" and make its value "webpack". This tells npm to execute webpack when you run npm run build.

        {
          ...
          "scripts": {
            "build": "webpack"
          },
          ...
        }

     3. You can add other scripts as well; just add another property to the scripts object!

Step Two: Configure Webpack

Like all computery things, you either need to conform to Webpack or Webpack needs to conform to you. The authors of Webpack decided that it would be better for the latter to be true. Therefore, we need to tell Webpack how to serve us. It is pretty simple to do. Create a new file called webpack.config.js in your project folder. Copy and paste this into the file:

const path = require('path');

module.exports = {
  entry: './src/app.js',
  output: {
    filename: 'bundle.js',
    path: path.resolve(__dirname, 'www')
  },
  module: {
    rules: [
      {
        test: /\.js$/,
        exclude: /(node_modules|bower_components)/,
        use: {
          loader: 'babel-loader',
          options: {
            presets: ['babel-preset-env']
          }
        }
      }
    ]
  }
};

Whoa. What the heck does this all mean? While you don't need to fully understand how webpack works, the brief explanation is that this file tells webpack to read the file called /src/app.js, bundle all of its dependencies, transform it from super-shiny-new javascript to standard javascript, then dump it all into one file called www/bundle.js.

Step 3: Bootstrap Your Project

Coming soon!!

Extra Help

JSON

If you are unsure how the package.json file is formatted, it is a file that contains JavaScript Object Notation or JSON. How JSON works is you have a root object, denoted by curly braces ({}) that surround the whole thing. Objects have properties, which have a key and a value. The key is a short name that can be used to look up the corresponding value. Keys are just text surrounded by double-quotation marks. A value, however, can be many kinds of things--a number, a string, a list, or an object.

• Numbers are just the digits of the number, like 15.
• Strings are like keys; text surrounded by quotation marks, such as "Hello, world!"
• Lists (aka Arrays) are lists of values where the values are separated by a comma and surrounded by square brackets ([]), as such: ["I", "am", "a", "list", "of", "strings"]
• Objects are "containers" for key-value pairs, where the object is surrounded by curly brackets, the pairs are separated with commas, and the key is separated from the value with a colon, just so: {"firstName": "John", "lastName": "Doe"}

JSON is also whitespace-ignorant, so you can add as many spaces and new lines between things as you'd like.

Here is a JSON file for reference:

{
  "name": "code-api",
  "version": "2.0.1",
  "description": "Recreation of code.org's JavaScript API",
  "main": "src/index.js",
  "directories": {
    "lib": "src"
  },
  "scripts": {
    "build": "jsdoc src -d docs",
    "test": "concurrently 'webpack --watch --debug --config webpack.test.js' 'serve test/www'"
  },
  "keywords": [
    "code.org",
    "javascript",
    "turtle",
    "es6"
  ],
  "justANumber": 2018
}