Circuit Breaker pattern as a monad

Part of fp-ts ecosystem.

TypeScript implementation of Circuit Breaker pattern. Adaptation of Glue.CircuitBreaker module from Haskell.

You can read a bit more abou the pattern and this implementation in my article.

Usage example

First of all, you need to install the package:

npm install circuit-breaker-monad

Then import the main circuitBreaker function:

import { circuitBreaker } from 'circuit-breaker-monad/lib';

This function returns a Reader, which, given the corresponding BreakerOptions, creates an enhanced fetcher – a function which takes any Lazy<Promise<T>> instance and returns a tuple of IORef<BreakerStatus> and TaskEither<Error, T>. The first element of this tuple is current circuit breaker status, implemented via IORef (mutable reference in the IO monad), and the second element of the tuple is ready-to-be-called TaskEither.

Let's look at the usage example:

import { fold } from 'fp-ts/lib/Either';
import { IORef } from 'fp-ts/lib/IORef';

import { circuitBreaker, defaultBreakerOptions } from 'circuit-breaker-monad/lib';
import { BreakerClosed } from 'circuit-breaker-monad/lib/types';

const fetcher = circuitBreaker<Response>()(defaultBreakerOptions);

const main = async () => {
  const request = () => fetch('http://my-domain.com/my-data.json').then((res) => res.json());
  const breakerState = new IORef(new BreakerClosed(0)); // initial breaker state
  const [result, ref] = fetcher({ request, breakerState });
  const response = await result();

  fold(
    (e: Error) => { },
    (myData) => { },
  )(response);

  // ref :: BreakerClosed { errorCount: 0 }
  // result :: TaskEither<Error, Response>
  // response :: Either<Error, Response>
  // myData :: TMyJsonData
};

The ref variable is resulting circuit breaker status, which can be passed to the next call, so you take the full control over what's going on inside the circuit breaker:

const [ref, result] = fetcher(promise);
const myData1 = await result();
const [, result2] = fetcher(promise, ref);
const myData2 = await result2();
// here `ref` may be 'Open' if the second call to the service has failed

Configuration

Circuit breaker may be configured by passing these parameters to the Reader:

• maxBreakerFailures - how many times the underlying service must fail in the given window before the circuit opens;
• resetTimeoutSecs - the window of time in which the underlying service must fail for the circuit to open, seconds;
• breakerDescription - description that is attached to the failure so as to identify the particular circuit.

Default options are:

export const defaultBreakerOptions: BreakerOptions = {
  maxBreakerFailures: 3,
  resetTimeoutSecs: 60,
  breakerDescription: 'Circuit breaker is closed',
};