babel-jest-modules

When "type": "module" is present in a package.json node assumes every .js files in that directory tree is an ES module, then it must be imported with es6 import.

While babel configuration lets you use .babelrc.cjs/babel.config.cjs or a "babel" key in your package.json, babel-jest seems to read exclusively babel.config.js.

This package should let you use jest and ES modules with the following setup:

yarn add --dev jest @babel/core @babel/preset-env babel-jest-modules

package.json

{
  "type": "module",
  "jest": {
    "transform": {
      "^.*\\.js$": "babel-jest-modules"
    }
  },
  "babel": {
    "presets": [
      "@babel/preset-env"
    ]
  }
}