Schema Extract

Schema extract transforms all the types (explicit or inferred) in your code files into JSON-Schema schemas. Schema extraction is a necessary step to create automated documentation for your code.

It is composed of two parts, the ts transformer and linker.

Playground

The schema-playground is a playground that allows live editing of your code and transforms it to a schema and displays the results as you type it.

Usage

To use the Schema Extract project to extract type data from your files, import the createLinker function from @wix/typescript-schema-extract. This function receives a string array of file paths and returns an initialized linker class.

After creating a linker, invoke linker.flatten. It receives two arguments and will return a linked schema of the entity we requested (in exportName):

|Name|Type|Description| |-------------|----|-----------| |file|string|The path to the file we want to transform| |exportName|string|The exported entity in that file, that we want to link|

    import {createLinker} from '@wix/typescript-schema-extract';
    const files = [
        'myProject/src/file-a.ts',
        'myProject/src/file-b.ts'
    ];
    const linker = createLinker(files);
    const linkedSchema = linker.flatten(files[0], 'IAnimal');

Note: If you want to use the linker with a different extractor please see the creating a custom linker section.
Also, at the moment it is not possible to automatically link all the exports of a given file. You can do this by going over the exports of the file and invoking flatten for each one, but this may not be an efficient process.

Result example

To better understand how the transformation works, take a look at the following interface:

// file-a.ts
    export interface IAnimal {
        name: string;
        hasTail: boolean;
        makeNoise: (sound: ISound) => void;
        isTamed?: 'YES' | 'NO';
    }

If we transform it using the TS transformer we will get the following schema:

{
  "$schema": "http://json-schema.org/draft-06/schema#",
  "$id": "/index.tsx",
  "$ref": "common/module",
  "properties": {},
  "definitions": {
    "IAnimal": {
      "properties": {
        "name": {
          "type": "string"
        },
        "hasTail": {
          "type": "boolean"
        },
        "makeNoise": {
          "$ref": "common/function",
          "arguments": [
            {
              "$ref": "#ISound",
              "name": "sound"
            }
          ],
          "returns": {
            "$ref": "common/undefined"
          },
          "requiredArguments": [
            "sound"
          ]
        },
        "isTamed": {
          "type": "string",
          "enum": [
            "YES",
            "NO"
          ]
        }
      },
      "required": [
        "name",
        "hasTail",
        "makeNoise"
      ],
      "$ref": "common/interface"
    }
  }
}

You can play around with our playground to see how your code will be transformed.

Linker

The linker receives a file name and the name of an export in that file and returns the linked schema of that export.

How is it any different than the ts transformer? When we transform a schema using the ts transformer, the result we get will only reference other types (import or from the same file) using the $ref property.

The linker flattens some of these types by linking them together.

Example

Let's look at InterfaceB in the following code:

    export interface InterfaceA<T> {
        something:T;
    };
    export interface InterfaceB extends InterfaceA<string> {
        somethingElse: number
    };

If we use the TS transformer to transform this file we will get the following schema:

{
    "$schema": "http://json-schema.org/draft-06/schema#",
    "$id": "/index.tsx",
    "$ref": "common/module",
    "properties": {},
    "definitions": {
        "InterfaceA": {
            "$ref": "common/interface",
            "properties": {
                "something": {"$ref": "#InterfaceA!T"}
            },
            "required": ["something"],
            "genericParams": [
                {"name": "T"}
            ]
        },
        "InterfaceB": {
            "$ref": "common/interface",
            "properties": {
                "somethingElse": {"type": "number"}
            },
            "required": ["somethingElse"],
            "genericArguments": [
                {"type": "string"}
            ],
            "extends": {
                "$ref": "#InterfaceA"
            }
        }
    }
}

But we are missing some crucial information about InterfaceB. After linking this is how the schema for InterfaceB will look like:

    "InterfaceB": {
        $ref: "common/interface",
        properties: {
            something: {
                inheritedFrom: '#InterfaceA',
                type: 'string'
            },
            somethingElse: {
                type: 'number'
            }
        },
        required: ['somethingElse', 'something']
    };

Linking rules

In order to avoid running into infinite loops, the linker does not link every member of every schema. It does link:

• extends - Classes and interfaces that use the extends keyword. (however the linker will not link members of interfaces)
• Generic types
• Intersection types - We may need the linked schemas to intersect two or more different types.

What won't be linked?

• Imports - If you import a type from a different file, it will be represented as a reference: $ref: "myProject/src/util#myFunction"
• References to other types - Any form of referencing a different type or interface like type A = B or interface InterfaceA { type: InterfaceB }. This also includes function using other types as arguments or return values.

TS Transformer

Transforms a typescript source file into a non linked JSON-Schema. By default, the linker is using this transformer and unless you want a non linked schema, there is no need to use this transformer.

Usage

Import the transform function from @wix/typescript-schema-extract. This function receives the following five arguments:

|Name|Type|Description| |-------------|----|-----------| |checker|typescript.TypeChecker|A typescript checker connected to the desired files| |sourceFile|typescript.SourceFile|The typescript source of that we want to transform| |modulePath|string|The path to the module base directory| |projectPath|string|The name of the project the files are in (will be removed in the future)| |pathUtil|IFileSystemPath|A path utility to be used to access directories and file. (you can use path.posix)|

For example if we want to transform our own code:

    import path from 'path';
    import compilerOptions from './utils';

    const projectPath = '/Projects/MySecretProject/;
    const fileName = projectPath + 'secret-stuff.ts'
    // TS setup
    const program = typescript.createProgram([fileName], compilerOptions);
    const sourceFile = program.getSourceFile(fileName);

    const schema = transform(program.getTypeChecker(), sourceFile, fileName, 'MySecretProject', path.posix);

Schema structure & types

You can find the structure of schemas and the different types we support in json-schema-types

Creating a custom linker

Note: At the moment we don't export the SchemaLinker class. We will either export it or add a function that receives an extractor and returns a linker

Using createLinker creates a typescript based linker, but the linker is not limited only to typescript. When creating a new linker class, the linker receives an extractor object:

    export interface IExtractor {
        getSchema: (path: string) => ModuleSchema;
        getSchemaFromImport?: (importPath: string, ref: string, filePath: string) => ModuleSchema | null;
    }

getSchema receives a path to a file and returns the JSON-Schema created from that file.

getSchemaFromImport is used if we want to retrieve a type that is imported by the file we want to link.

To use a different extractor with the linker, you just need to create a new linker class with the extractor and invoke flatten.

    flatten(filePath: string, typeName: string): Schema

The flatten function receives the path to file and the type inside of it we want to link.

    import {SchemaLinker} from '@wix/typescript-schema-extract/?????';
    import {myExtractor} from './secretStuff';

    function linkSchema(filePath, typeName) {
        const customLinker = new SchemaLinker(myExtractor);
        return linker.flatten(filePath, typeName);
    }