Universal Router

Please read the Contributions section before submitting a Pull Request.

To see the commit of the smart contracts that was used in the latest deployment, see branch deployed-commit. To see the addresses of this latest deployment on each network, see folder deploy-addresses.

High-Level Overview

The Universal Router is a ERC20 and NFT swap router that allows users greater flexibility when performing trades across multiple token types.

Our flexible command style allows us to provide users with:

• Splitting and interleaving of Uniswap trades
• Purchases of NFTs across 8 marketplaces
• Partial fills of trades
• Wrapping and Unwrapping of ETH
• Time-bound, signature controlled token approvals using Permit2

Transactions are encoded using a string of commands, allowing users to have maximum flexibility over what they want to perform. With all of these features available in a single transaction, the possibilities available to users are endless

Contract Overview

The Universal Router codebase consists of the UniversalRouter contract, and all of its dependencies. The purpose of the UniversalRouter is to allow users to unify Uniswap ERC20 swaps (on V2 and V3) with NFT purchases across 8 marketplaces, in a single transaction.

UniversalRouter integrates with Permit2, to enable users to have more safety, flexibility, and control over their ERC20 token approvals.

UniversalRouter command encoding

Calls to UniversalRouter.execute, the entrypoint to the contracts, provide 2 main parameters:

• bytes commands: A bytes string. Each individual byte represents 1 command that the transaction will execute.
• bytes[] inputs: An array of bytes strings. Each element in the array is the encoded parameters for a command.

commands[i] is the command that will use inputs[i] as its encoded input parameters.

Through function overloading there is also an optional third parameter for the execute function:

• uint256 deadline: The timestamp deadline by which this transaction must be executed. Transactions executed after this specified deadline will revert.

How the command byte is structured

Each command is a bytes1 containing the following 8 bits:

 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
┌─┬─┬───────────┐
│f│r|  command  │
└─┴─┴───────────┘

• f is a single bit flag, that signals whether or not the command should be allowed to revert. If f is false, and the command reverts, then the entire transaction will revert. If f is true and the command reverts then the transaction will continue, allowing us to achieve partial fills. If using this flag, be careful to include further commands that will remove any funds that could be left unused in the UniversalRouter contract.

• r is one bit of reserved space. This will allow us to increase the space used for commands, or add new flags in future.

• command is a 6 bit unique identifier for the command that should be carried out. The values of these commands can be found within Commands.sol, or can be viewed in the table below.

   ┌──────┬───────────────────────────────┐
   │ 0x00 │  V3_SWAP_EXACT_IN             │
   ├──────┼───────────────────────────────┤
   │ 0x01 │  V3_SWAP_EXACT_OUT            │
   ├──────┼───────────────────────────────┤
   │ 0x02 │  PERMIT2_TRANSFER_FROM        │
   ├──────┼───────────────────────────────┤
   │ 0x03 │  PERMIT2_PERMIT_BATCH         │
   ├──────┼───────────────────────────────┤
   │ 0x04 │  SWEEP                        │
   ├──────┼───────────────────────────────┤
   │ 0x05 │  TRANSFER                     │
   ├──────┼───────────────────────────────┤
   │ 0x06 │  PAY_PORTION                  │
   ├──────┼───────────────────────────────┤
   │ 0x07 │  -------                      │
   ├──────┼───────────────────────────────┤
   │ 0x08 │  V2_SWAP_EXACT_IN             │
   ├──────┼───────────────────────────────┤
   │ 0x09 │  V2_SWAP_EXACT_OUT            │
   ├──────┼───────────────────────────────┤
   │ 0x0a │  PERMIT2_PERMIT               │
   ├──────┼───────────────────────────────┤
   │ 0x0b │  WRAP_ETH                     │
   ├──────┼───────────────────────────────┤
   │ 0x0c │  UNWRAP_WETH                  │
   ├──────┼───────────────────────────────┤
   │ 0x0d │  PERMIT2_TRANSFER_FROM_BATCH  │
   ├──────┼───────────────────────────────┤
   │ 0x0e-│  -------                      │
   │ 0x20 │                               │
   ├──────┼───────────────────────────────┤
   │ 0x21 │  EXECUTE_SUB_PLAN             │
   ├──────┼───────────────────────────────┤
   │ 0x22-│  -------                      │
   │ 0x3f │                               │
   └──────┴───────────────────────────────┘

Note that some of the commands in the middle of the series are unused. These gaps allowed us to create gas-efficiencies when selecting which command to execute.

How the input bytes are structures

Each input bytes string is merely the abi encoding of a set of parameters. Depending on the command chosen, the input bytes string will be different. For example:

The inputs for V3_SWAP_EXACT_IN is the encoding of 5 parameters:

• address The recipient of the output of the trade
• uint256 The amount of input tokens for the trade
• uint256 The minimum amount of output tokens the user wants
• bytes The UniswapV3 path you want to trade along
• bool A flag for whether the input funds should come from the caller (through Permit2) or whether the funds are already in the UniversalRouter

Whereas in contrast CRYPTOPUNKS has just 3 parameters encoded:

• uint256 The ID of the punk you wish to purchase
• address The recipient of the punk
• uint256 The amount of ETH to pay for the punk

Encoding parameters in a bytes string in this way gives us maximum flexiblity to be able to support many commands which require different datatypes in a gas-efficient way.

For a more detailed breakdown of which parameters you should provide for each command take a look at the Dispatcher.dispatch function, or alternatively at the ABI_DEFINITION mapping in planner.ts.

Developer documentation to give a detailed explanation of the inputs for every command will be coming soon!

Usage

To Compile and Run Tests

1. Clone the repository with all submodules

Clone the repository with:

git clone --recurse-submodules https://github.com/Uniswap/universal-router.git

2. Create .env file with api key

INFURA_API_KEY='xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx'

3. Run yarn commands to compile and test

To Run Hardhat Tests

yarn install
yarn compile
yarn test

If you run into an issue on yarn compile where it cannot find the dependencies in the lib folder try to clone all the submodules with:

git submodule update --init --recursive

To Update Hardhat Gas Snapshots

yarn test:gas

To Run Forge Tests

forge install
forge build
forge test

Integrating

1. Install the latest version of @uniswap/universal-router package.
2. Add git submodules for contracts that aren't a node package. Make sure there's an empty .gitmodules file. Then run:

     git submodule add https://github.com/transmissions11/solmate
     git submodule add https://github.com/Uniswap/permit2

3. You should now be able to import contracts from universal-router and compile.

Contributions

Before you submit your PR, run all of the following and commit the changes:

# make sure all tests pass this will also update gas snapshots
yarn test:all

# lint code
yarn prettier:fix

If you are only concerned with investigating gas diffs, you can run this command to only run gas tests

yarn test:gas

To Deploy

Fill out parameters in script/deployParameters/Deploy<network>.s.sol

forge script --broadcast \
--rpc-url <RPC-URL> \
--private-key <PRIVATE_KEY> \
--sig 'run()' \
script/deployParameters/Deploy<network>.s.sol:Deploy<network>

To Deploy and Verify

forge script --broadcast \
--rpc-url <RPC-URL> \
--private-key <PRIVATE-KEY> \
--sig 'run()' \
script/deployParameters/Deploy<network>.s.sol:Deploy<network> \
--etherscan-api-key <ETHERSCAN-API-KEY> \
--verify

To Deploy Permit2 Alongside UniversalRouter

Fill out parameters in scripts/deployParameters/<network>.json

forge script --broadcast \
--rpc-url <RPC-URL> \
--private-key <PRIVATE_KEY> \
--sig 'runAndDeployPermit2(string)' \
script/deployParameters/DeployUniversalRouter.s.sol:DeployUniversalRouter \
<pathToJSON>