InstancedMesh2 is an alternative version of InstancedMesh with enhanced features for performance and usability:

• Per-instance frustum culling: skip rendering for out-of-view instances.
• Sorting: reduce overdraw and manage transparent objects efficiently.
• Spatial indexing (dynamic BVH): speed up raycasting and frustum culling.
• Dynamic capacity: add or remove instances seamlessly.
• Per-instance visibility: toggle visibility for each instance individually.
• Per-instance opacity: set opacity for each instance individually.
• Object3D-like instances: use instances like Object3D with transforms and custom data.
• Per-instance uniforms: assign unique shader data to individual instances.
• Level of Detail (LOD): dynamically adjust instance detail based on distance.
• Shadow LOD: optimize shadow rendering with lower detail for distant instances.

const myInstancedMesh = new InstancedMesh2(geometry, material);

myInstancedMesh.addInstances(count, (obj, index) => {
  obj.position.x = index;
});

🧑‍💻 Live Examples

Stackblitz (Vite + Typescript)

• 1kk static trees
• Instances array dynamic
• Sorting
• Custom material
• Dynamic BVH (no vite)
• Fast raycasting
• LOD
• Shadow LOD

Glitch (Javascript)

• Dynamic adding with BVH

Frameworks

• Threlte
• React-three-fiber

📚 Documentation

The tutorial is available here. The API documentation is available here.

⬇️ Installation

You can install it via npm using the following command:

npm install @three.ez/instanced-mesh

Or you can import it from CDN:

<script type="importmap">
{
  "imports": {
    "three": "https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/three/build/three.module.js",
    "three/addons/": "https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/three/examples/jsm/",
    "@three.ez/instanced-mesh": "https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/@three.ez/instanced-mesh/build/index.js",
    "bvh.js": "https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bvh.js/build/index.js"
  }
}
</script>

❔ Questions?

Need help? Join us on Discord or open an issue on GitHub.

⭐ Like it?

If you like this project, please leave a star. Thank you! ❤️

🚀 Features

Per-instance frustum culling

Avoiding rendering objects outside the camera frustum can drastically improve performance (especially for complex geometries). Frustum culling by default is performed by iterating all instances, but it is possible to speed up this process by creating a spatial indexing data structure (BVH).

By default perObjectFrustumCulled is true.

Sorting

Sorting can be used to decrease overdraw and render transparent objects.

It's possible to improve sort performance adding a customSort, like built-in createRadixSort.

By default sortObjects is false.

import { createRadixSort } from '@three.ez/instanced-mesh';

myInstancedMesh.sortObjects = true;
myInstancedMesh.customSort = createRadixSort(myInstancedMesh);

Spatial indexing (dynamic BVH)

To speed up raycasting and frustum culling, a spatial indexing data structure can be created to contain the boundingBoxes of all instances. This works very well if the instances are mostly static (updating a BVH can be expensive) and scattered in world space. Setting a margin makes BVH updating faster, but may make raycasting and frustum culling slightly slower.

myInstancedMesh.computeBVH({ margin: 0 });

Dynamic capacity

Manage a dynamic number of instances, automatically expanding the data buffers as needed to accommodate additional instances.

If not specified, capacity is 1000.

const myInstancedMesh = new InstancedMesh2(geometry, material, { capacity: count }); 

myInstancedMesh.addInstances(count, (obj, index) => { ... }); // add instances and expand buffer if necessary

myInstancedMesh.instancesCount = 10; // change instances count

Per-instance visibility

Set the visibility status of each instance:

myInstancedMesh.setVisibilityAt(index, false);
myInstancedMesh.instances[0].visible = false; // if instances array is created

Per-instance opacity

Set the opacity of each instance:

myInstancedMesh.setOpacityAt(index, 0.5);
myInstancedMesh.instances[0].opacity = 0.5; // if instances array is created

Object3D-like instances

It's possible to create an array of InstancedEntity (Object3D-like) in order to easily manipulate instances, using more memory.

const myInstancedMesh = new InstancedMesh2(geometry, material, { createInstances: true });

myInstancedMesh.instances[0].customData = {};
myInstancedMesh.instances[0].position.random();
myInstancedMesh.instances[0].rotateX(Math.PI);
myInstancedMesh.instances[0].updateMatrix(); // necessary after transformations

Per-instance uniforms

Assign unique shader uniforms to each instance, working with every materials.

myInstancedMesh.initUniformsPerInstance(({ metalness: 'float', roughness: 'float', emissive: 'vec3' }));

myInstancedMesh.setUniformAt(index, 'metalness', 0.5);
myInstancedMesh.instances[0].setUniform('emissive', new Color('white')); // if instances array is created

Level of Detail (LOD)

Improve rendering performance by dynamically adjusting the detail level of instances based on their distance from the camera. Use simplified geometries for distant objects to optimize resources.

myInstancedMesh.addLOD(geometryMid, material, 50);
myInstancedMesh.addLOD(geometryLow, material, 200);

Shadow LOD

Optimize shadow rendering by reducing the detail level of instances casting shadows based on their distance from the camera.

myInstancedMesh.addShadowLOD(geometryMid);
myInstancedMesh.addShadowLOD(geometryLow, 100);

Raycasting tips

If you are not using a BVH, you can set the raycastOnlyFrustum property to true to avoid iterating over all instances.

It's recommended to use three-mesh-bvh to create a geometry BVH.

🤝 Special thanks to

• gkjohnson
• manthrax
• jungle_hacker

📖 References

• three-mesh-bvh
• ErinCatto_DynamicBVH
• BatchedMesh