Slack Web API

The @slack/web-api package contains a simple, convenient, and configurable HTTP client for making requests to Slack's Web API. Use it in your app to call any of the over 130 methods, and let it handle formatting, queuing, retrying, pagination, and more.

Installation

$ npm install @slack/web-api

Usage

These examples show the most common features of the WebClient. You'll find even more extensive documentation on the package's website.

Initialize the client

The package exports a WebClient class. All you need to do is instantiate it, and you're ready to go. You'll typically initialize it with a token, so that you don't have to provide the token each time you call a method. A token usually begins with xoxb or xoxp. You get them from each workspace an app is installed onto. The app configuration pages help you get your first token for your development workspace.

const { WebClient } = require('@slack/web-api');

// Read a token from the environment variables
const token = process.env.SLACK_TOKEN;

// Initialize
const web = new WebClient(token);

Alternatively, you can create a client without a token, and use it with multiple workspaces as long as you supply a token when you call a method.

const { WebClient } = require('@slack/web-api');

// Initialize a single instance for the whole app
const web = new WebClient();

// Find a token in storage (database) before making an API method call
(async () => {
  // Some fictitious database
  const token = await db.findTokenByTeam(teamId, enterpriseId)

  // Call the method
  const result = web.auth.test({ token });
})();

Call a method

The client instance has a named method for each of the public methods in the Web API. The most popular one is called chat.postMessage, and it's used to send a message to a conversation. For every method, you pass arguments as properties of an options object. This helps with the readability of your code since every argument has a name. All named methods return a Promise which resolves with the response data or rejects with an error.

// Given some known conversation ID (representing a public channel, private channel, DM or group DM)
const conversationId = '...';

(async () => {

  // Post a message to the channel, and await the result.
  // Find more arguments and details of the response: https://api.slack.com/methods/chat.postMessage
  const result = await web.chat.postMessage({
    text: 'Hello world!',
    channel: conversationId,
  });

  // The result contains an identifier for the message, `ts`.
  console.log(`Successfully send message ${result.ts} in conversation ${conversationId}`);
})();

Tip: If you're using an editor that supports TypeScript, even if you're not using TypeScript to write your code, you'll get hints for all the arguments each method supports. This helps you save time by reducing the number of times you need to pop out to a webpage to check the reference. There's more information about using TypeScript with this package in the documentation website.

Tip: Use the Block Kit Builder for a playground where you can prototype your message's look and feel.

If you want to provide the method name as a string so that you can decide which method to call dynamically or to call a method that might not be available in your version of the client, use the WebClient.apiCall(methodName, [options]) method. The API method call above can also be written as follows:

const conversationId = '...';
(async () => {

  // Using apiCall() allows the app to call any method and to do it programmatically
  const response = await web.apiCall('chat.postMessage', {
    text: 'Hello world!',
    channel: conversationId,
  });
})();

Handle errors

Errors can happen for many reasons: maybe the token doesn't have the proper scopes to call a method, maybe its been revoked by a user, or maybe you just used a bad argument. In these cases, the returned Promise will reject with an Error. You should catch the error and use the information it contains to decide how your app can proceed.

Each error contains a code property, which you can check against the ErrorCode export to understand the kind of error you're dealing with. For example, when Slack responds to your app with an error, that is an ErrorCode.PlatformError. These types of errors provide Slack's response body as the data property.

// Import ErrorCode from the package
const { WebClient, ErrorCode } = require('@slack/web-api');

(async () => {

  try {
    // This method call should fail because we're giving it a bogus user ID to lookup.
    const response = await web.users.info({ user: '...' });
  } catch (error) {
    // Check the code property, and when its a PlatformError, log the whole response.
    if (error.code === ErrorCode.PlatformError) {
      console.log(error.data);
    } else {
      // Some other error, oh no!
      console.log('Well, that was unexpected.');
    }
  }
})();

There are a few more types of errors that you might encounter, each with one of these codes:

• ErrorCode.RequestError: A request could not be sent. A common reason for this is that your network connection is not available, or api.slack.com could not be reached. This error has an original property with more details.

• ErrorCode.RateLimitedError: The Web API cannot fulfill the API method call because your app has made too many requests too quickly. This error has a retryAfter property with the number of seconds you should wait before trying again. See the documentation on rate limit handling to understand how the client will automatically deal with these problems for you.

• ErrorCode.HTTPError: The HTTP response contained an unfamiliar status code. The Web API only responds with 200 (yes, even for errors) or 429 (rate limiting). If you receive this error, it's likely due to a problem with a proxy, a custom TLS configuration, or a custom API URL. This error has the statusCode, statusMessage, headers, and body properties containing more details.

Pagination

Many of the Web API's methods return lists of objects, and are known to be cursor-paginated. The result of calling these methods will contain a part of the list, or a page, and also provide you with information on how to continue to the next page on a subsequent API call. Instead of calling many times manually, the WebClient can manage to get each page, allowing you to determine when to stop, and help you process the results.

The process of retrieving multiple pages from Slack's API can be described as asynchronous iteration, which means you're processing items in a collection, but getting each item is an asynchronous operation. Fortunately, JavaScript has this concept built-in, and in newer versions of the language there's a syntax to make it even simpler: for await...of.

(async () => {
  let result;

  // Async iteration is similar to a simple for loop.
  // Use only the first two parameters to get an async iterator.
  for await (const page of web.paginate('something.list', { name: 'value' })) {
    // You can inspect each page, find your result, and stop the loop with a `break` statement
    if (containsTheThing(page.something)) {
      result = page.something.thing;
      break;
    }
  }
});

The for await...of syntax is available in Node v10.0.0 and above. If you're using an older version of Node, see functional iteration below.

The .paginate() method can accept up to two additional parameters. The third parameter, stopFn, is a function that is called once for each page of the result, and should return true when the app no longer needs to get another page. The fourth parameter is reducerFn, which is a function that gets called once for each page of the result, but can be used to aggregate a result. The value it returns is used to call it the next time as the accumulator. The first time it gets called, the accumulator is undefined.

(async () => {

  // The first two parameters are the method name and the options object.
  const done = await web.paginate('something.list', { name: 'value' },
    // The third is a function that receives each page and should return true when the next page isn't needed.
    (page) => { /* ... */ },
    // The fourth is a reducer function, similar to the callback parameter of Array.prototype.reduce().
    // https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Array/Reduce
    // The accumulator is initialized to undefined.
    (accumulator, page, index) => { /* ... */ },
  );
});

The returned value is a Promise, but what it resolves to depends on whether or not you include the fourth (optional) parameter. If you don't include it, the resolved value is always undefined. In this case, its used for control flow purposes (resuming the rest of your program), and the function in the third parameter is used to capture a result. If you do include the fourth parameter, then the resolved value is the value of the accumulator. This is a familiar pattern for people that use functional programming.

Logging

The WebClient will log interesting information to the console by default. You can use the logLevel to decide how much information, or how interesting the information needs to be, in order for it to be output. There are a few possible log levels, which you can find in the LogLevel export. By default, the value is set to LogLevel.INFO. While you're in development, its sometimes helpful to set this to the most verbose: LogLevel.DEBUG.

// Import LogLevel from the package
const { WebClient, LogLevel } = require('@slack/web-api');

// Log level is one of the options you can set in the constructor
const web = new WebClient(token, {
  logLevel: LogLevel.DEBUG,
});

All the log levels, in order of most to least information, are: DEBUG, INFO, WARN, and ERROR.

You can also choose to have logs sent to a custom logger using the logger option. A custom logger needs to implement specific methods (known as the Logger interface):

| Method | Parameters | Return type | |--------------|-------------------|-------------| | setLevel() | level: LogLevel | void | | setName() | name: string | void | | debug() | ...msgs: any[] | void | | info() | ...msgs: any[] | void | | warn() | ...msgs: any[] | void | | error() | ...msgs: any[] | void |

A very simple custom logger might ignore the name and level, and write all messages to a file.

const { createWriteStream } = require('fs');
const logWritable = createWriteStream('/var/my_log_file'); // Not shown: close this stream

const web = new WebClient(token, {
  // Creating a logger as a literal object. It's more likely that you'd create a class.
  logger: {
    debug(...msgs): { logWritable.write('debug: ' + JSON.stringify(msgs)); },
    info(...msgs): { logWritable.write('info: ' + JSON.stringify(msgs)); },
    warn(...msgs): { logWritable.write('warn: ' + JSON.stringify(msgs)); },
    error(...msgs): { logWritable.write('error: ' + JSON.stringify(msgs)); },
    setLevel(): { },
    setName(): { },
  },
});

Automatic retries

In production systems, you want your app to be resilient to short hiccups and temporary outages. Solving for this problem usually involves building a queuing system that handles retrying failed tasks. The WebClient comes with this queuing system out of the box, and it's on by default! The client will retry a failed API method call up to 10 times, spaced out over about 30 minutes. If the request doesn't succeed within that time, then the returned Promise will reject. You can observe each of the retries in your logs by setting the log level to DEBUG. Try running the following code with your network disconnected, and then re-connect after you see a couple of log messages:

const { WebClient, LogLevel } = require('@slack/web-api');

const web = new WebClient('bogus token');

(async () => {
  await web.auth.test();

  console.log('Done!');
})();

Shortly after re-connecting your network, you should see the Done! message. Did you notice the program doesn't use a valid token? The client is doing something clever and helpful here. It knows the difference between an error such as not being able to reach api.slack.com and an error in the response from Slack about an invalid token. The former is something that can be resolved with a retry, so it was retried. The invalid token error means that the call isn't going to succeed until your app does something differently, so it stops attempting retries.

You might not think 10 reties in 30 minutes is a good policy for your app. No problem, you can set the retryConfig to one that works better for you. The retryPolicies export contains a few well known options, and you can always write your own.

const { WebClient, retryPolicies } = require('@slack/web-api');

const web = new WebClient(token, {
  retryConfig: retryPolicies.fiveRetriesInFiveMinutes,
});

Here are some other values that you might want to use for retryConfig:

| retryConfig | Description | |------------------------------------------------|---------------------------------| | retryPolicies.tenRetriesInAboutThirtyMinutes | (default) | | retryPolicies.fiveRetriesInFiveMinutes | Five attempts in five minutes | | retryPolicies.rapidRetryPolicy | Used to keep tests running fast | | { retries: 0 } | No retries (other options) |

Note: If an API call results in a rate limit being exceeded, you might still notice the client automatically retrying the API call. If you'd like to opt out of that behavior, set the rejectRateLimitedCalls option to true.

More

The documentation website has information about these additional features of the WebClient:

• Upload a file with a Buffer or a ReadableStream.
• Using a custom agent for proxying
• Rate limit handling
• Request concurrency
• Custom TLS configuration
• Custom API URL
• Exchange an OAuth grant for a token

Requirements

This package supports Node v8 LTS and higher. It's highly recommended to use the latest LTS version of node, and the documentation is written using syntax and features from that version.

Getting Help

If you get stuck, we're here to help. The following are the best ways to get assistance working through your issue:

• Issue Tracker for questions, feature requests, bug reports and general discussion related to these packages. Try searching before you create a new issue.
• Email us in Slack developer support: [email protected]
• Bot Developers Hangout: a Slack community for developers building all types of bots. You can find the maintainers and users of these packages in #sdk-node-slack-sdk.