rn-jsonld-signatures

An implementation of the Linked Data Signatures specification for JSON-LD. This software works in React Native.

Table of Contents

• Background
• Security
• Install
• Usage
• Contribute
• Commercial Support
• License

Version Compatibility

jsonld-signatures v9.0 is compatible with the following signature suites:

• ed25519-signature-2020 >= 2.1.0.

and the following related libraries:

• crypto-ld >= 5.0.0 (and related key crypto suites such as ed25519-verification-key-2020 >= 2.1.0).
• vc-js >= 7.0 (currently, branch v7.x)

Background

A Linked Data Signature proof is created (or verified) by specifying a signature suite and a proof purpose.

The signature suite performs the cryptographic operation required to sign (or verify) a digital signature and includes information in a proof such as the verificationMethod identifier, the proof's controller, and the date the proof was created.

The proof purpose indicates why the proof was created and what its intended use is. This information can also be used to make sure that the verificationMethod was authorized for the stated purpose in the proof. Using a proof purpose helps to encourage people to authorize certain cryptographic keys (verification methods) for explicit purposes rather than granting them ambient authority. This approach can help prevent people from accidentally signing documents for reasons they did not intend.

This library provides base classes for signature suites and proof purposes so that custom extensions can be written. It also provides some commonly used proof purposes.

Relationship to Verifiable Credentials

jsonld-signatures is a low-level library that is meant to sign any JSON-LD document.

One common use case for creating these signatures is for use with Verifiable Credentials (VCs). If you're working with those, you should use a higher-level library that's specifically made for that purpose, such as rn-vc-js. (Incidentally, rn-vc-js uses this library, rn-jsonld-signatures, under the hood.)

Security

As with most security- and cryptography-related tools, the overall security of your system will largely depend on your design decisions (which key types you will use, where you'll store the private keys, what you put into your credentials, and so on).

Document Loader

During verification, the key and key controller information must be discovered. This library allows for the key and key controller information to be looked up via a documentLoader or it can be provided directly to the API via the signature suite or proof purpose, respectively.

This library's default documentLoader is very strict for security and content integrity purposes. It will only load locally available copies of the context documents that define the terms it uses internally. Any attempt to load any other documents (including other contexts) will throw an error. If other documents such as verification methods (e.g., public key documents), cannot be provided directly to the API and thus need to be loaded, a custom document loader must be passed. For the sake of clarity, the default document loader will only load locally available copies of the following documents:

• https://w3id.org/security/v1
• https://w3id.org/security/v2

If you require other documents to be loaded then you will need to provide a documentLoader that can provide them. jsonld.js provides both a node and browser documentLoader you can use, however, depending on your use case, you may increase security by using a custom documentLoader that is similarly strict and will only load a subset of documents that is constrained by some technical, security, or business rules.

Install

• Node.js 12+ is required.

npm install @sphereon/rn-jsonld-signatures

In React Native, include the library like this:

import * as jsigs from '@sphereon/rn-jsonld-signatures';

Usage

rn-jsonld-signatures (version 8.x and above) is not meant for standalone use. Instead, it's generally used through an individual crypto suite. For detailed usage instructions, see the READMEs of the supported suites:

• Ed25519Signature2020
• Ed25519Signature2018

Most of the usages with individual suites and key types will have elements in common. You'll need to:

• Generate or import cryptographic keys to sign with (see the @digitalbazaar/crypto-ld >=v5.0) library), or use a secure signer() function provided by your secure cryptographic module.
• Authorize those keys for the specific purpose you're using them for (see section on Proof Purpose below), using a Controller Document (such as a DID Document or similar).
• Pair those keys with a corresponding cryptographic Signature Suite. For greenfield development, we recommend the Ed25519Signature2020 suite, and for legacy/compatibility work, you can use Ed25519Signature2018 suite. See also the Choosing a Key Type section of crypto-ld documentation.
• Set up your documentLoader to fetch contexts and documents securely.
• Lastly, perform the jsigs.sign() or jsigs.verify() operations.

Node.js Native Canonize Bindings

Specialized use cases may wish to use the native canonize bindings. This mode can be enabled by setting the useNativeCanonize option to true. See the jsonld.js notes on this feature and note you should benchmark performance before using it.

Examples

Signing and verifying a simple assertion:

// to generate the next two lines, run the following command:
//
// openssl genrsa -out key.pem; cat key.pem; 
// openssl rsa -in key.pem -pubout -out pubkey.pem;
// cat pubkey.pem; rm key.pem pubkey.pem
//
// for an example of how to specify these keys, look at [key-example]:
const publicKeyPem = "-----BEGIN PUBLIC KEY-----\r\n...";
const privateKeyPem = "-----BEGIN PRIVATE KEY-----\r\n...";

// specify the public key object
const publicKey = {
  '@context': jsigs.SECURITY_CONTEXT_URL,
  type: 'RsaVerificationKey2018',
  id: 'https://example.com/i/alice/keys/1',
  controller: 'https://example.com/i/alice',
  publicKeyPem
};

// specify the public key controller object
const controller = {
  '@context': jsigs.SECURITY_CONTEXT_URL,
  id: 'https://example.com/i/alice',
  publicKey: [publicKey],
  // this authorizes this key to be used for making assertions
  assertionMethod: [publicKey.id]
};

// create the JSON-LD document that should be signed
const doc = {
  '@context': {
    schema: 'http://schema.org/',
    name: 'schema:name',
    homepage: 'schema:url',
    image: 'schema:image'
  },
  name: 'Manu Sporny',
  homepage: 'https://manu.sporny.org/',
  image: 'https://manu.sporny.org/images/manu.png'
};

// sign the document as a simple assertion
const {RsaSignature2018} = jsigs.suites;
const {AssertionProofPurpose} = jsigs.purposes;
const {RSAKeyPair} = jsigs;
import {documentLoaders} from 'jsonld';

const key = new RSAKeyPair({...publicKey, privateKeyPem});
const signed = await jsigs.sign(doc, {
  suite: new RsaSignature2018({key}),
  purpose: new AssertionProofPurpose()
});

console.log('Signed document:', signed);
// we will need the documentLoader to verify the controller
const {node: documentLoader} = documentLoaders;

// verify the signed document
const result = await jsigs.verify(signed, {
  documentLoader,
  suite: new RsaSignature2018(key),
  purpose: new AssertionProofPurpose({controller})
});
if(result.verified) {
  console.log('Signature verified.');
} else {
  console.log('Signature verification error:', result.error);
}

Signing and verifying a document to authenticate to a website:

// sign the document for the purpose of authentication
const {Ed25519Signature2018} = jsigs.suites;
const {AuthenticationProofPurpose} = jsigs.purposes;
const {Ed25519KeyPair} = jsigs;
import {documentLoaders} from 'jsonld';

const signed = await jsigs.sign(doc, {
  suite: new Ed25519Signature2018({
    verificationMethod: publicKey.id,
    key: new Ed25519KeyPair({privateKeyBase58})
  }),
  purpose: new AuthenticationProofPurpose({
    challenge: 'abc',
    domain: 'example.com'
  })
});

console.log('Signed document:', signed);
// we will need the documentLoader to verify the controller
const {node: documentLoader} = documentLoaders;

// verify the signed document
const result = await jsigs.verify(signed, {
  documentLoader,
  suite: new Ed25519Signature2018({
    key: new Ed25519KeyPair(publicKey)
  }),
  purpose: new AuthenticationProofPurpose({
    controller,
    challenge: 'abc',
    domain: 'example.com'
  })
});
if(result.verified) {
  console.log('Signature verified.');
} else {
  console.log('Signature verification error:', result.error);
}

Contribute

See the contribute file!

PRs accepted.

If editing the Readme, please conform to the standard-readme specification.

Commercial Support

Commercial support for the React Native version of this library is available upon request from Sphereon: [email protected]

Commercial support for the node version of this library is available upon request from Digital Bazaar: [email protected]

License

New BSD License (3-clause) © Digital Bazaar

Source

The source code for the React Native implementation of the JSON-LD Signatures API available at:

https://github.com/Sphereon-Opensource/rn-jsonld-signatures

The source code for the Node and Browser implementation of the JSON-LD Signatures API is available at:

https://github.com/digitalbazaar/jsonld-signatures

Tests

This library includes a sample testing utility which may be used to verify that changes to the processor maintain the correct output.

To run the sample tests you will need to get the test suite files by cloning the rn-jsonld-signatures repository hosted on GitHub.

https://github.com/Sphereon-Opensource/rn-jsonld-signatures

Run the Node.js tests using the following command:

npm run test

Code coverage of node tests can be generated in coverage/:

npm run coverage