trie 🌲 

The extremely fast compressed trie implementation in 2 kB gzipped.

npm install --save-prod @smikhalevski/trie

• Object-backed trie

  • trieCreate
  • trieSet
  • trieGet
  • trieSearch
  • trieSuggest
  • trieDelete

• Array-backed trie

  • arrayTrieEncode
  • arrayTrieGet
  • arrayTrieSearch

Usage

🔎 API documentation is available here.

trieCreate()

Creates a blank Trie instance. Trie is a plain object that you pass as an argument to various functions that traverse and update the data structure.

const trie = trieCreate();
// ⮕ { key: null, value: undefined, … }

trieSet(trie, key, value)

Associates the key with the value in the trie and returns the leaf trie object that withholds the key-value pair.

const trie = trieCreate();

trieSet(trie, 'foo', 111);
// ⮕ { key: 'foo', value: 111, … }

The returned leaf trie instance has stable identity: this object would represent the associated key up to the moment the key is deleted. So, if you set a new value for the key, or add/delete other keys in the trie, the returned leaf object would still correspond to the original key.

const leaf1 = trieSet(trie, 'foo', 111);
const leaf2 = trieSet(trie, 'foo', 222);

leaf1 === leaf2 // ⮕ true

trieGet(trie, key)

Returns a leaf associated with the key.

const trie = trieCreate();

trieSet(trie, 'foo', 111);

trieGet(trie, 'foo');
// ⮕ { key: 'foo', value: 111, … }

trieGet(trie, 'wow');
// ⮕ null

trieSearch(trie, input, startIndex?, endIndex?)

Searches for a key that matches the longest substring in input that starts at startIndex and ends at endIndex, and returns the corresponding leaf.

const trie = trieCreate();

trieSet(trie, 'foo', 111);
trieSet(trie, 'foobar', 222);

trieSearch(trie, '___foobar___', 3);
// ⮕ { key: 'foobar', value: 222, length: 6, … }

trieSearch(trie, '___fooba___', 3);
// ⮕ { key: 'foo', value: 111, length: 3, … }

You can provide the endIndex to limit the searched key length:

trieSearch(trie, '___foobar___', 3, 7);
// ⮕ { key: 'foo', value: 111, length: 3, … }

trieSuggest(trie, input, startIndex?, endIndex?)

Returns the cached readonly array of trie leafs that have keys starting with input.substring(startIndex, endIndex).

const trie = trieCreate();

trieSet(trie, 'hotdog', 111);
trieSet(trie, 'hotter', 222);
trieSet(trie, 'hottest', 333);

trieSuggest(trie, 'hot');
// ⮕ [{ key: 'hotdog', … }, { key: 'hotter', … }, { key: 'hottest', … }]

trieSuggest(trie, 'hott');
// ⮕ [{ key: 'hotter', … }, { key: 'hottest', … }]

trieSuggest(trie, 'wow');
// ⮕ null

trieDelete(leaf)

Deletes the leaf trie from its parent.

const trie = trieCreate();

const leaf = trieSet(trie, 'foo', 111);

trieDelete(leaf);

Or you can combine it with trieGet:

trieDelete(trieGet(trie, 'foo'));

You can delete all values with a particular prefix:

trieSuggest(trie, 'foo')?.forEach(trieDelete);

arrayTrieEncode(trie)

Converts Trie into an ArrayTrie.

Trie is comprised of multiple objects that represent branches and leafs. ArrayTrie withholds all the data from the Trie instance in just 3 objects regardless the number of key-value pairs in the original Trie instance.

const trie = trieCreate();

trieSet(trie, 'foo', 111);

const arrayTrie = arrayTrieEncode(trie);

arrayTrieGet(arrayTrie, 'foo');
// ⮕ 111

ArrayTrie is backed by an array of indices instead of a tree of objects, it has a tiny memory footprint. It requires 400× less memory than the Trie instance with the same set of key-value pairs.

arrayTrieGet(arrayTrie, key)

Returns a value associated with the key.

const trie = trieCreate();

trieSet(trie, 'foo', 111);
trieSet(trie, 'bar', 222);

const arrayTrie = arrayTrieEncode(trie);

arrayTrieGet(arrayTrie, 'bar');
// ⮕ 222

arrayTrieGet(arrayTrie, 'wow');
// ⮕ null

arrayTrieSearch(arrayTrie, input, startIndex?, endIndex?)

Searches for a key that matches the longest substring in input that starts at startIndex and ends at endIndex, and returns the corresponding value.

const trie = trieCreate();

trieSet(trie, 'foo', 111);
trieSet(trie, 'foobar', 222);

const arrayTrie = arrayTrieEncode(trie);

arrayTrieSearch(arrayTrie, '___foobar___', 3);
// ⮕ { value: 222, lastIndex: 9 }

arrayTrieSearch(arrayTrie, '___fooba___', 3);
// ⮕ { value: 111, lastIndex: 6 }

You can provide the endIndex to limit the searched key length:

arrayTrieSearch(arrayTrie, '___foobar___', 3, 7);
// ⮕ { value: 111, lastIndex: 6 }

Performance

Clone this repo and use npm ci && npm run perf to run the performance testsuite.

Search / Get

Add a new key

Update an existing key