DCC Boxed Node-RED Nodes

DCC Boxed is a tool for (emulated) end-2-end testing within the UK smart metering network. This project provides a number of nodes that enable Node-RED to send and receive requests to a DCC Boxed instance. The intention is to provide an easy to use tool set to allow users to interface with DCC Boxed without worrying about technical issues such as xml and correctly signing commands.

Below shows the context of this Node-RED project and demonstrates a typical interaction of sending of a command along with receiving its response. Notice, the two optional blocks, these allow for sending critical commands and reading sensitive (i.e. encrypted) data from end devices with out the user needing to be aware of additional processing requirements. An example of reading sensitive data is given in the above animation of performing a SRV 4.1.1 to read the current energy usage from a meter, also compare the below sequence diagram with the above animation to understand why two responses are obtained (the I99 and later the I0).

The functionality exposed includes:

• A library of DUIS templates, i.e. commands (taken from RTDS)
• Send the DUIS request to a DCC Boxed (critical, non-critical, device and non-device supported).
• Receive a DUIS response (both synchronous and asynchronously)
• Generate and submit UTRN tokens.

These three functions greatly reduce the complexity needed to interface with DCC Boxed as they hide the cryptographic operations and different request processing strategies. Thus, allowing the user to focus on the application layer, e.g. configuring devices or automating business processes.

Known Limitations

• When a UTRN token is generated, only the least significant 10 bits (of 32 bits) counter is encoded into the UTRN. Thus, when using this package to generate UTRN's and the user relies on a EPOCH based counter its possible that the UTRN, if entered manually using the buttons on a smart meter will be rejected. This is due to the algorithm used to guess the remaining 22 bits of the counter; all 32 bits are needed for validation of the UTRN. This is not an issue when the UTRN is programmatically sent to the device with service request 2.2 (Top Up Device) because the whole counter is transmitted along with the UTRN.

Usage

Ensure you are using Node 16x or later. This is because some of the nodes rely on features in the crypto library of Node 16x.

If you have not already, install Node-RED. The below assumes that Node-RED is installed globally and not running in a sandbox/docker. The nodes in the project are developed and tested against version 3.0.2 of Node-RED.

Install @smartdcc/dccboxed-nodered-nodes package into Node-RED's palette using the standard process. See below image for an example of installing from the user interface.

Once installed, it should make available a number of purple nodes under the smartdcc category (see image to right).

Note: To use "duis - sign & validate", "dccboxed-send" or "dccboxed-receive" nodes it is required to install Java (developed and tested against Java 11). This means, that java should be in the PATH of the Node-RED application. For this reason, it is recommended to run Node-RED directly on the host without a sandbox/docker environment. This simplifies the process of installing java.

• If running without java installed, an error will be generated when the sign/validate node is executed. Thus, will be unable to submit the command to DCC Boxed.

Typical Usage

The typical use case of the nodes in this project is built around the following 3 nodes:

• duis-template - Provides template DUIS requests.
• dccboxed-send - Send a DUIS request to a DCC Boxed and output any synchronous responses (i.e. the response will likely be an acknowledgement or result of a non-device request).
• dccboxed-receive - Asynchronously receive DUIS responses from DCC Boxed (i.e. typically will involve response from a device or an alert)

For an example of how to configure these nodes, please see the following video. Remember, it is also required to configure the Receive Response Service address on DCC Boxed.

The following shows a minimal setup using these three nodes:

Node duis-template

The duis-template node provides access to a catalog of DUIS templates. The catalog can be searched by keywords or service requests. The node is used by dragging it to the canvas and then configuring its properties in the usual way. Below shows the properties pane of the duis-template node:

• The Template option is used to search for a DUIS template. Below shows an example of searching the catalog:

  

• The option to use "Simplified Template" is highly recommended (and required when using dccboxed-send node as described below). Information about what simplified means can be found here.

• The Show Inject Button option toggles whether the button is displayed on the left of the node. This button triggers the node to generate a template. Alternatively, the template can be generated in response to an incoming message, in which case the Originator/Target can be extracted from the input message.

• The Output option defines where the template will be saved in the output message from the node. In most cases the default value is fine and aligns with the default location expected when using the dccboxed-send node.

• The Originator and Target allow for configuration of the DUIS header. In most cases, the Originator does not need to be changed and the Target is the EUI of the end device (or ACB). More information about the meaning of these values can be found in the DUIS specification. For Target field, the device EUI can typically be found from the HAN page in DCC Boxed.

  These Originator and Target fields also support looking up their values from the input message, global variables or flow variables.

• The text box below is used for showing the payload of the DUIS template. This can be edited by the user to change the default values in the chosen template. The following shows an example of a service request selected with the text box populated:

  

  If the template is edited for a given node, a symbol is shown in bottom right corner of the editor.

  Moreover, it is possible to use global/flow variables in the editor view. A common use-case for this is when performing a pair-wise join of two devices (such as an ESME and PPMID):

  

Node dccboxed-config

The dccboxed-send and dccboxed-receive node are both dependent on a dccboxed-config node. This node is used to provide a single interface between DCC Boxed and both dccboxed-send and dccboxed-receive nodes.

When adding either dccboxed-send and dccboxed-receive for the first time, it will be required to configure a DCC Boxed server (as a dccboxed-config).

The properties of a dccboxed-config are as follows:

Importantly, ensure the Host and Port align point to the DCC Boxed server. The Response field needs to be configured on the DCC Boxed DUIS Interface, so DCC Boxed will be able to correctly send responses. For example, if NodeRED is running on a machine with IP address 192.168.0.5, DCC Boxed could be configured as follows (assuming a default value of /smartdcc/duis in the Response field):

Node dccboxed-send

The dccboxed-send node provides a fully managed interface to send DUIS requests to a DCC Boxed instance. This includes:

• Converting the DUIS request from JSON into XML.
• Adding an XML digital signature.
• Transparently handle critical request processing (i.e., call the transform service and sign the resulting pre-command).
• Return synchronous responses.
• If response is an I99 (acknowledgement), then store the original request (i.e. msg object).

Node dccboxed-receive

The dccboxed-receive node provides a fully managed interface for receiving asynchronous DUIS responses from a DCC Boxed instance. This includes:

• Validating the received DUIS response (according to XSD and digital signature).
• Convert XML into JSON.
• If response contains a GBCS payload, decode and decrypt it.
• Attempt to reconcile response with request (i.e. stored msg object in dccboxed-send).

The final step of of reconciliation is used so its possible to link asynchronous responses with the context of the message that triggered the request. For example, it could link a HTTP request input with its output as the original msg object is preserved. The following shows this, where if a user makes a http request to the /trigger endpoint, it will start a SRV 4.1.1, and once the response is obtained it is sent to the http client that make the request to /trigger.

Please note, when the msg object is reconciled it is only shallow copied. E.g. if there are multiple dccboxed-receive nodes (see below), each could receive a copy of the same msg.payload, resulting in changes by one node in msg.payload being observed unexpectedly in a different flow. If a deep copy is required, this will need to be done in any of the nodes downstream from dccboxed-receive.

It is also possible to have multiple dccboxed-receive nodes. This allows for responses of different service requests or alerts to be processed by different parts of the NodeRED flow (or different flows). The following two screen shots demonstrate this, where the first one only will receive the response to a 4.1.1 service request and the second node will receive all device alerts.

Node duis-tariff

Provides an alternative to the duis-template node for building ESME (single element) SRV 1.1.1 commands. Offers a slightly simplified option for specifying a JSON tariff. For more information about the input of this node see duis-templates.

The node comes pre-configured with 3 example tariffs:

• TOU (simple) - A single rate tariff.
• TOU (complex) - A TOU tariff with multiple day profiles and special days.
• Block - A sample block tariff.

Or alternatively, the tariff can be provided through its input connector.

Advanced

The above high level nodes automate the sending and receiving of DUIS requests and responses. However, if lower level access to the functional primitives are required this is provided by the following nodes:

• duis-construct - convert a JSON version DUIS into XML.
• duis-parser - convert an XML DUIS into JSON.
• duis-sign & duis-validate - validate the input XML against the DUIS. schema and either add XML digital signature, or remove the signature.
• gbcs-parser - parse a GBCS message into JSON, includes ability to decrypt (where needed) and validate signatures (where available).
• gbcs-signer - adds a signature to a GBCS pre-command, i.e. outputs a signed pre-command.

These blocks are designed to be configurable, and expose many more configuration options than dccboxed-send and dccboxed-receive. For instance, the gbcs-parser and gbcs-signer allows fine grain control over key material used and the duis-parser can provide raw view of the parsed XML before it is processed/enriched.

Reusable Dependencies

This project is a thin wrapper/user interface over a handful of other projects. These other projects provide the essential functions required to interface with a DCC Boxed and include:

• duis-parser - TypeScript library that is capable of encoding and decoding DUIS requests and responses.
• duis-templates - TypeScript collection of RTDS DUIS templates.
• dccboxed-signing-tool - TypeScript/Java application to sign and validate XML signatures required by DCC Boxed.
• gbcs-parser - TypeScript library that can decode GBCS messages, validate remote party signatures and sign pre-commands. This library is based on the HenryGiraldo/gbcs-parser-js parser.
• dccboxed-keystore - TypeScript library that stores remote party/organisation certificates and private keys along with the ability to query the SMKI interface on DCC Boxed for device certificates.

These tools are all open source and can easily be reused and assembled into a tool that interfaces with DCC Boxed as required. See the dccboxed-config.ts file for an example of how they can be tied together into an application.

Building and Installing Locally

To build locally, run the following:

npm run build

This will build both the frontend (using webpack) and backend (using tsc). The result will be placed into dist folder.

You can then use npm pack or npm link; afterwards install into the NodeRED data directory. Typically this will be located at ~/.nodered.

Contributing

Contributions are welcome!

When submitting a pull request, please ensure:

1. Each PR is concise and provides only one feature/bug fix.
2. Currently project does not have a test suit, however it is expected the change is manually tested.
3. Bugfixes are reference the GitHub issue.
4. If appropriate, update documentation.
5. Before committing, run npm run lint and npm run prettier-check.

If you are planning a new non-trivial feature, please first raise a GitHub issue to discuss it to before investing your time to avoid disappointment.

Any contributions will be expected to be licensable under GPLv3.

Other Info

Copyright 2022, Smart DCC Limited, All rights reserved. Project is licensed under GPLv3.