Svelte Router

Another vue-router inspired Svelte router

Installation

npm

npm install @shaun/svelte-router

yarn

yarn add @shaun/svelte-router

Getting Started

<script>
  import { createRouter, link, Link, View } from '@shaun/svelte-router'
  import Home from './Home.svelte'
  import User from './User.svelte'
  import NotFound from './NotFound.svelte'

  const routes = [
    { path: '/', component: Home },
    { path: '/users/:userId(\\d+)', component: User },
    { path: '*', component: NotFound }
  ]

  const router = createRouter({ routes })
</script>

<Link href="/">Home</Link>
<Link href="/users/123">Someone</Link>
<Link href="/users/321" replace>Replace to someone else's page</Link>
<a use:link href="/users/111">a link with action</a>
<Link href="/not-exists">To page not exists</Link>
<button type="button" on:click={() => router.push('/users/123')}>Click to someone's page</button>
<button type="button" on:click={() => router.replace('/users/321')}>Click replace to someone else's page</button>

<View></View>

User.svelte

<script>
  export let userId // take router params
</script>

<div>User ID: {userId}</div>

Example

https://github.com/shaunlee/svelte-router/tree/master/example

Dynamic Route Matching with Params

Very often we will need to map routes with the given pattern to the same component. For example we may have a User component which should be rendered for all users but with different user IDs. In @shaun/svelte-router we can use a dynamic segment in the path to achieve that, we call that a param:

import User from './User.svelte'

// these are passed to `createRouter`
const routes = [
  // dynamic segments start with a colon
  { path: '/users/:id', component: User },
]

Now URLs like /users/johnny and /users/jolyne will both map to the same route.

A param is denoted by a colon :. When a route is matched, the value of its params will be exposed as $router.params. Therefore, we can render the current user ID by updating User's template to this:

<script>
  import { router } from '@shaun/svelte-router'
</script>

<div>User ID: {$router.params.id}</div>

The same:

<script>
  export let id
</script>

<div>User ID: {id}</div>

You can have multiple params in the same route, and they will map to corresponding fields on $router.params. Examples:

| pattern | matched path | $router.params | | --- | --- | --- | | /users/:username | /users/eduardo | { username: 'eduardo' } | | /users/:username/posts/:postId | /users/eduardo/posts/123 | { username: 'eduardo', postId: '123' } |

In addition to $router.params, the $router object also exposes other useful information such as $router.query (if there is a query in the URL), $router.path, etc.

Routes' Matching Syntax

Most applications will use static routes like /about and dynamic routes like /users/:userId like we just saw in Dynamic Route Matching, but @shaun/svelte-router has much more to offer!

Custom regex in params

When defining a param like :userId, we internally use the following regex ([^/]+) (at least one character that isn't a slash /) to extract params from URLs. This works well unless you need to differentiate two routes based on the param content. Imagine two routes /:orderId and /:productName, both would match the exact same URLs, so we need a way to differentiate them. The easiest way would be to add a static section to the path that differentiates them:

const routes = [
  // matches /o/3549
  { path: '/o/:orderId' },
  // matches /p/books
  { path: '/p/:productName' },
]

But in some scenarios we don't want to add that static section /o/p. However, orderId is always a number while productName can be anything, so we can specify a custom regex for a param in parentheses:

const routes = [
  // /:orderId -> matches only numbers
  { path: '/:orderId(\\d+)' },
  // /:productName -> matches anything else
  { path: '/:productName' },
]

Now, going to /25 will match /:orderId while going to anything else will match /:productName. The order of the routes array doesn't even matter!

TIP Make sure to escape backslashes (\) like we did with \d (becomes \\d) to actually pass the backslash character in a string in JavaScript.

Programmatic Navigation

Aside from using <Link> to create anchor tags for declarative navigation, we can do this programmatically using the router's instance methods.

Navigate to a different location

To navigate to a different URL, use router.push. This method pushes a new entry into the history stack, so when the user clicks the browser back button they will be taken to the previous URL.

This is the method called internally when you click a <Link>, so clicking <Link href="..."> is the equivalent of calling router.push(...).

| Declarative | Programmatic | | --- | --- | | <Link href="..."> | router.push(...) |

The argument is a string path. Examples:

router.push('/users/eduardo')

router.push('/users?page=2')
router.push('/users', { page: 2 })

Replace current location

It acts like router.push, the only difference is that it navigates without pushing a new history entry, as its name suggests - it replaces the current entry.

| Declarative | Programmatic | | --- | --- | | <Link href="..." replace> | router.replace('...') |

Traverse history

This method takes a single integer as parameter that indicates by how many steps to go forward or go backward in the history stack, similar to window.history.go(n). Examples:

// go forward by one record, the same as router.forward()
router.go(1)

// go back by one record, the same as router.back()
router.go(-1)

// go forward by 3 records
router.go(3)

// fails silently if there aren't that many records
router.go(-100)
router.go(100)

History Manipulation

You may have noticed that router.push, router.replace and router.go are counterparts of window.history.pushState, window.history.replaceState and window.history.go, and they do imitate the window.history APIs.

Therefore, if you are already familiar with Browser History APIs, manipulating history will feel familiar when using @shaun/svelte-router.

It is worth mentioning that @shaun/svelte-router navigation methods (push, replace, go) work consistently no matter the kind of mode option is passed when creating the router instance.

Different History modes

The mode option when creating the router instance allows us to choose among different history modes.

Hash Mode

The hash history mode is created with 'hash':

import { createRouter } from '@shaun/svelte-router'

const router = createRouter({
  mode: 'hash',
  routes: [
    // ...
  ]
})

It uses a hash character (#) before the actual URL that is internally passed. Because this section of the URL is never sent to the server, it doesn't require any special treatment on the server level. It does however have a bad impact in SEO. If that's a concern for you, use the HTML5 history mode.

HTML5 Mode

The HTML5 mode is created with 'web' and is the recommended mode:

import { createRouter } from '@shaun/svelte-router'

const router = createRouter({
  mode: 'web',
  routes: [
    // ...
  ]
})

When using 'web', the URL will look "normal," e.g. https://example.com/user/id. Beautiful!

Here comes a problem, though: Since our app is a single page client side app, without a proper server configuration, the users will get a 404 error if they access https://example.com/user/id directly in their browser. Now that's ugly.

Not to worry: To fix the issue, all you need to do is add a simple catch-all fallback route to your server. If the URL doesn't match any static assets, it should serve the same index.html page that your app lives in. Beautiful, again!

Example Server Configurations

Note: The following examples assume you are serving your app from the root folder. If you deploy to a subfolder, you should use the vite build --base=/prefix/ and the related base property of the router. You also need to adjust the examples below to use the subfolder instead of the root folder (e.g. replacing RewriteBase / with RewriteBase /name-of-your-subfolder/).

Apache

<IfModule mod_negotiation.c>
  Options -MultiViews
</IfModule>

<IfModule mod_rewrite.c>
  RewriteEngine On
  RewriteBase /
  RewriteRule ^index\.html$ - [L]
  RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f
  RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-d
  RewriteRule . /index.html [L]
</IfModule>

Instead of mod_rewrite, you could also use FallbackResource.

nginx

location / {
  try_files $uri $uri/ /index.html;
}

Caddy v2

try_files {path} /

Firebase hosting

Add this to your firebase.json:

{
  "hosting": {
    "public": "dist",
    "rewrites": [
      {
        "source": "**",
        "destination": "/index.html"
      }
    ]
  }
}

License

Licensed under MIT