vuex-persist

A Typescript-ready Vuex plugin that enables you to save the state of your app to a persisted storage like Cookies or localStorage.

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Table of Contents

• vuex-persist - Table of Contents
  • Features
  • Compatibility
  • Installation
    • Vue CLI Build Setup (using Webpack or some bundler)
    • Transpile for target: es5
    • Directly in Browser
    • Tips for NUXT
  • Usage
    • Steps
    • Constructor Parameters -
    • Usage Notes
      • Deep merge
      • Reducer
      • Circular States
  • Examples
    • Simple
    • Detailed
    • Support Strict Mode
    • Note on LocalForage and async stores
    • How to know when async store has been replaced
  • Unit Testing
    • Jest

Table of contents generated with markdown-toc

Features

• 📦 NEW in v1.5
  • distributed as esm and cjs both (via module field of package.json)
  • better tree shaking as a result of esm
• 🎗 NEW IN V1.0.0
  • Support localForage and other Promise based stores
  • Fix late restore of state for localStorage
• Automatically save store on mutation.
• Choose which mutations trigger store save, and which don't, using filter function
• Works perfectly with modules in store
• Ability to save partial store, using a reducer function
• Automatically restores store when app loads
• You can create multiple VuexPersistence instances if you want to -
  • Save some parts of the store to localStorage, some to sessionStorage
  • Trigger saving to localStorage on data download, saving to cookies on authentication result

Compatibility

• VueJS - v2.0 and above
• Vuex - v2.1 and above

Installation

Vue CLI Build Setup (using Webpack or some bundler)

npm install --save vuex-persist

or

yarn add vuex-persist

Transpile for target: es5

This module is distributed in 3 formats

• umd build /dist/umd/index.js in es5 format
• commonjs build /dist/cjs/index.js in es2015 format
• esm build /dist/esm/index.js in es2015 format

When using with Webpack (or Vue CLI 3), the esm file gets used by default. If your project has a es6 or es2015 target, you're good, but if for backwards compatibility, you are compiling your project to es5 then this module also needs to be transpiled.

To enable transpilation of this module

// in your vue.config.js
module.exports = {
  /* ... other config ... */
  transpileDependencies: ['vuex-persist']
}

Directly in Browser

<!-- We need lodash.merge so get lodash first -->
<script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/lodash.js/4.17.10/lodash.min.js"></script>
<script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/vuex-persist"></script>

Tips for NUXT

This is a plugin that works only on the client side. So we'll register it as a ssr-free plugin.

// Inside - nuxt.config.js
export default {
   plugins: [{ src: '~/plugins/vuex-persist.js', mode: 'client' }],
}

// ~/plugins/vuex-persist.js
import VuexPersistence from 'vuex-persist'

export default ({ store }) => {
  new VuexPersistence({
  /* your options */
  }).plugin(store);
}

Usage

Steps

Import it

import VuexPersistence from 'vuex-persist'

NOTE: In browsers, you can directly use window.VuexPersistence

Create an object

const vuexLocal = new VuexPersistence({
  storage: window.localStorage
})

// or in Typescript

const vuexLocal = new VuexPersistence<RootState>({
  storage: window.localStorage
})

Use it as Vue plugin. (in typescript)

const store = new Vuex.Store<State>({
  state: { ... },
  mutations: { ... },
  actions: { ... },
  plugins: [vuexLocal.plugin]
})

(or in Javascript)

const store = new Vuex.Store({
  state: { ... },
  mutations: { ... },
  actions: { ... },
  plugins: [vuexLocal.plugin]
})

Constructor Parameters -

When creating the VuexPersistence object, we pass an options object of type PersistOptions. Here are the properties, and what they mean -

| Property | Type | Description | | --------------- | -------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | key | string | The key to store the state in the storage Default: 'vuex' | | storage | Storage (Web API) | localStorage, sessionStorage, localforage or your custom Storage object. Must implement getItem, setItem, clear etc. Default: window.localStorage | | saveState | function (key, state[, storage]) | If not using storage, this custom function handles saving state to persistence | | restoreState | function (key[, storage]) => state | If not using storage, this custom function handles retrieving state from storage | | reducer | function (state) => object | State reducer. reduces state to only those values you want to save. By default, saves entire state | | filter | function (mutation) => boolean | Mutation filter. Look at mutation.type and return true for only those ones which you want a persistence write to be triggered for. Default returns true for all mutations | | modules | string[] | List of modules you want to persist. (Do not write your own reducer if you want to use this) | | asyncStorage | boolean | Denotes if the store uses Promises (like localforage) or not (you must set this to true when using something like localforage) Default: false | | JSON | JSON | JSON implementation with parse and stringify methods. By default native window.JSON is used. If you want to support serializing circular json objects, you can use flatted package here. | | merge | function (state1, state2) => state | Function to merge two states into a new one. Must create a new object, so that neither of arguments is modified. By default, we do shallow merge using Object.assign. You can use this to do deepmerge instead. |

Usage Notes

Deep merge

By default, when the state is restored from the storage, it merges shallowly with the initial state.

For deep merging, provide custom merge function in the options. For example, you can use deepmerge package:

npm install deepmerge

import deepmerge from 'deepmerge'

const persist = new VuexPersistence({
  merge: (into, from) => deepmerge(into, from),
  ...
})

Reducer

Your reducer should not change the shape of the state.

const persist = new VuexPersistence({
  reducer: (state) => state.products,
  ...
})

Above code is wrong You intend to do this instead

const persist = new VuexPersistence({
  reducer: (state) => ({products: state.products}),
  ...
})

Circular States

If you have circular structures in your state

let x = { a: 10 }
x.x = x
x.x === x.x.x // true
x.x.x.a === x.x.x.x.a //true

JSON.parse() and JSON.stringify() will not work. You'll need to install flatted

npm install flatted

And when constructing the store, set JSON option to FlattedJSON:

import FlattedJSON from 'flatted'

new VuexPersistence({
  JSON: FlattedJSON,
  ...
})

Examples

Simple

Quick example -

import Vue from 'vue'
import Vuex from 'vuex'
import VuexPersistence from 'vuex-persist'

Vue.use(Vuex)

const store = new Vuex.Store<State>({
  state: {
    user: { name: 'Arnav' },
    navigation: { path: '/home' }
  },
  plugins: [new VuexPersistence().plugin]
})

export default store

Detailed

Here is an example store that has 2 modules, user and navigation We are going to save user details into a Cookie (using js-cookie) And, we will save the navigation state into localStorage whenever a new item is added to nav items. So you can use multiple VuexPersistence instances to store different parts of your Vuex store into different storage providers.

Warning: when working with modules these should be registered in the Vuex constructor. When using store.registerModule you risk the (restored) persisted state being overwritten with the default state defined in the module itself.

import Vue from 'vue'
import Vuex, { Payload, Store } from 'vuex'
import VuexPersistence from 'vuex-persist'
import Cookies from 'js-cookie'
import { module as userModule, UserState } from './user'
import navModule, { NavigationState } from './navigation'

export interface State {
  user: UserState
  navigation: NavigationState
}

Vue.use(Vuex)

const vuexCookie = new VuexPersistence<State, Payload>({
  restoreState: (key, storage) => Cookies.getJSON(key),
  saveState: (key, state, storage) =>
    Cookies.set(key, state, {
      expires: 3
    }),
  modules: ['user'], //only save user module
  filter: (mutation) => mutation.type == 'logIn' || mutation.type == 'logOut'
})
const vuexLocal = new VuexPersistence<State, Payload>({
  storage: window.localStorage,
  reducer: (state) => ({ navigation: state.navigation }), //only save navigation module
  filter: (mutation) => mutation.type == 'addNavItem'
})

const store = new Vuex.Store<State>({
  modules: {
    user: userModule,
    navigation: navModule
  },
  plugins: [vuexCookie.plugin, vuexLocal.plugin]
})

export default store

Support Strict Mode

This now supports Vuex strict mode (Keep in mind, NOT to use strict mode in production) In strict mode, we cannot use store.replaceState so instead we use a mutation

You'll need to keep in mind to add the RESTORE_MUTATION to your mutations See example below

To configure with strict mode support -

import Vue from 'vue'
import Vuex, { Payload, Store } from 'vuex'
import VuexPersistence from 'vuex-persist'

const vuexPersist = new VuexPersistence<any, any>({
  strictMode: true, // This **MUST** be set to true
  storage: localStorage,
  reducer: (state) => ({ dog: state.dog }),
  filter: (mutation) => mutation.type === 'dogBark'
})

const store = new Vuex.Store<State>({
  strict: true, // This makes the Vuex store strict
  state: {
    user: {
      name: 'Arnav'
    },
    foo: {
      bar: 'baz'
    }
  },
  mutations: {
    RESTORE_MUTATION: vuexPersist.RESTORE_MUTATION // this mutation **MUST** be named "RESTORE_MUTATION"
  },
  plugins: [vuexPersist.plugin]
})

Some of the most popular ways to persist your store would be -

• js-cookie to use browser Cookies
• window.localStorage (remains, across PC reboots, untill you clear browser data)
• window.sessionStorage (vanishes when you close browser tab)
• localForage Uses IndexedDB from the browser

Note on LocalForage and async stores

There is Window.Storage API as defined by HTML5 DOM specs, which implements the following -

interface Storage {
  readonly length: number
  clear(): void
  getItem(key: string): string | null
  key(index: number): string | null
  removeItem(key: string): void
  setItem(key: string, data: string): void
  [key: string]: any
  [index: number]: string
}

As you can see it is an entirely synchronous storage. Also note that it saves only string values. Thus objects are stringified and stored.

Now note the representative interface of Local Forage -

export interface LocalForage {
  getItem<T>(key: string): Promise<T>
  setItem<T>(key: string, data: T): Promise<T>
  removeItem(key: string): Promise<void>
  clear(): Promise<void>
  length(): Promise<number>
  key(keyIndex: number): Promise<string>
  _config?: {
    name: string
  }
}

You can note 2 differences here -

1. All functions are asynchronous with Promises (because WebSQL and IndexedDB are async)
2. It works on objects too (not just strings)

I have made vuex-persist compatible with both types of storages, but this comes at a slight cost. When using asynchronous (promise-based) storages, your state will not be immediately restored into vuex from localForage. It will go into the event loop and will finish when the JS thread is empty. This can invoke a delay of few seconds.

How to know when async store has been replaced

As noted above, the store is not immediately restored from async stores like localForage. This can have the unfortunate side effect of overwriting mutations to the store that happen before vuex-persist has a chance to do its thing. In strict mode, you can create a plugin to subscribe to RESTORE_MUTATION so that you tell your app to wait until the state has been restored before committing any further mutations. (Issue #15 demonstrates how to write such a plugin.) However, since you should turn strict mode off in production, and since vuex doesn't currently provide any kind of notification when replaceState() has been called, starting with v2.1.0 vuex-persist will add a restored property to the store object to let you know the state has been restored and that it is now safe to commit any mutations that modify the stored state. store.restored will contain the Promise returned by calling the async version of restoreState().

Here's an example of a beforeEach() hook in vuex-router that will cause your app to wait for vuex-persist to restore the state before taking any further actions:

// in src/router.js
import Vue from 'vue'
import Router from 'vue-router'
import { store } from '@/store' // ...or wherever your `vuex` store is defined

Vue.use(Router)

const router = new Router({
  // define your router as you normally would
})

const waitForStorageToBeReady = async (to, from, next) => {
  await store.restored
  next()
}
router.beforeEach(waitForStorageToBeReady)

export default router

Note that on the 2nd and subsequent router requests to your app, the Promise in store.restored should already be in a "resolved" state, so the hook will not force your app to wait for additional calls to restoreState().

Unit Testing

Jest

When testing with Jest, you might find this error -

TypeError: Cannot read property 'getItem' of undefined

This is because there is no localStorage in Jest. You can add the following Jest plugins to solve this https://www.npmjs.com/package/jest-localstorage-mock