@joshdcuneo/elm-typescript-interop
v0.0.16
Published
Code generator for type-safe elm-typescript interprocess messages.
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Elm TypeScript Interop
Watch this short video tutorial to see elm-typescript-interop
in action!
Use type-safe ports between Elm and TypeScript for end-to-end type-safety!
We love the safety and guarantees that Elm gives us. But we accept that we must give those up in our native javascript code for our Elm applications and the seams between the two languages. elm-typescript-interop
gives the same guarantees of no runtime exceptions for sending and receiving data between Elm and TypeScript. If your code compiles, you have the guarantee that the data you're sending will be what Elm is expecting. No more unexpected data runtime errors from Elm!
Usage
Just run the elm-typescript-interop
command-line interface in an Elm project directory
and it will generate TypeScript type declaration files (.d.ts
) in the appropriate places
to give you type-safety and autocompletion for your Elm ports!
npm install --save-dev elm-typescript-interop
.- Add an entry in your
package.json
scripts
section to runelm-typescript-interop
before each build.
Alternatively, you can run npx elm-typescript-interop
.
See github.com/dillonkearns/elm-typescript-starter for reference or to setup a brand new project.
See github.com/dillonkearns/mobster for a real-world example of this library in action.
Elm Ports Vs. Elm-TypeScript-Interop Ports
The Elm Guide describes all the supported types for javascript interop. Note that this is improved with elm-typescript-interop:
Booleans and Strings – both exist in Elm and JS!
Numbers – Elm ints and floats correspond to JS numbers
Lists – correspond to JS arrays
Arrays – correspond to JS arrays
Tuples – *correspond to TypeScript tuples in elm-typescript-interop
Records – correspond to JavaScript objects *(with type-safety)
Maybes – Nothing and Just 42 correspond to null and 42 in JS
*In elm-typescript-interop, the type will be (number | null)
Json – Json.Encode.Value corresponds to arbitrary JSON
Elm <-> TypeScript Type Conversions
To learn more about the types in TypeScript, see https://basarat.gitbooks.io/typescript/docs/types/type-system.html.
Json.Encode.Value
<-> any
Avoid this escape hatch when possible. If your TypeScript value may take on multiple types, use this type paired with a decoder.
Boolean
<-> boolean
String
<-> string
Maybe Boolean
<-> boolean | null
Int
or Float
<-> number
List String
or Array String
<-> string[]
(or other types besides String, of course)
{ username: String, id: Int }
<-> { username: string; id: number}
(Int, String)
<-> [Int, String]
With regular Elm JS interop, the recommended approach is to use decoders so you can more gracefully handle unexpected types rather than ending execution with a runtime exception. With elm-typescript-interop, it is actually safer to use raw types because they are guaranteed to match up. With the caveat that you lose this guarantee if you are passing in something with an any
type, in this case it is better to make this uncertainty explicit by declaring the type as a Json.Decode.Value
.
This is no longer the case when you use elm-typescript-interop
.
The recommended approach with elm-typescript-interop
is the opposite: avoid
using Json.Encode.Value for ports and flags. Using Elm types here allows us to
have guaranteed type-safety between Elm and TypeScript, so there's no need to use
a decoder to safely handle unexpected types. With elm-typescript-interop
, it is
recommended that you use Json.Encode.Value
only if for some reason a
TypeScript type cannot be known at compile-time.
Both are excellent resources, and this was true with the limitations of javascript. TypeScript provides type-safety and more expressive types that allow us to interoperate better with Elm.