npm i valtio makes proxy-state simple

Wrap your state object

Valtio turns the object you pass it into a self-aware proxy.

import { proxy, useSnapshot } from 'valtio'

const state = proxy({ count: 0, text: 'hello' })

Mutate from anywhere

You can make changes to it in the same way you would to a normal js-object.

setInterval(() => {
  ++state.count
}, 1000)

React via useSnapshot

Create a local snapshot that catches changes. Rule of thumb: read from snapshots in render function, otherwise use the source. The component will only re-render when the parts of the state you access have changed, it is render-optimized.

// This will re-render on `state.count` change but not on `state.text` change
function Counter() {
  const snap = useSnapshot(state)
  return (
    <div>
      {snap.count}
      <button onClick={() => ++state.count}>+1</button>
    </div>
  )
}

The snap variable returned by useSnapshot is a (deeply) read-only object. Its type has readonly attribute, which may be too strict for some use cases.

To mitigate typing difficulties, you might want to loosen the type definition:

declare module 'valtio' {
  function useSnapshot<T extends object>(p: T): T
}

See #327 for more information.

Internally, useSnapshot calls snapshot in valtio/vanilla, and wraps the snapshot object with another proxy to detect property access. This feature is based on proxy-compare.

Two kinds of proxies are used for different purposes:

• proxy() from valtio/vanilla is for mutation tracking or write tracking.
• createProxy() from proxy-compare is for usage tracking or read tracking.

Valtio tries best to handle this behavior but it's hard to understand without familiarity.

const state = proxy({
  count: 0,
  inc() {
    ++this.count
  },
})
state.inc() // `this` points to `state` and it works fine
const snap = useSnapshot(state)
snap.inc() // `this` points to `snap` and it doesn't work because snapshot is frozen

To avoid this pitfall, the recommended pattern is not to use this and prefer arrow function.

const state = proxy({
  count: 0,
  inc: () => {
    ++state.count
  },
})

If you are new to this, it's highly recommended to use eslint-plugin-valtio.

Subscribe from anywhere

You can access state outside of your components and subscribe to changes.

import { subscribe } from 'valtio'

// Subscribe to all state changes
const unsubscribe = subscribe(state, () =>
  console.log('state has changed to', state)
)
// Unsubscribe by calling the result
unsubscribe()

You can also subscribe to a portion of state.

const state = proxy({ obj: { foo: 'bar' }, arr: ['hello'] })

subscribe(state.obj, () => console.log('state.obj has changed to', state.obj))
state.obj.foo = 'baz'

subscribe(state.arr, () => console.log('state.arr has changed to', state.arr))
state.arr.push('world')

To subscribe to a primitive value of state, consider subscribeKey in utils.

import { subscribeKey } from 'valtio/utils'

const state = proxy({ count: 0, text: 'hello' })
subscribeKey(state, 'count', (v) =>
  console.log('state.count has changed to', v)
)

There is another util watch which might be convenient in some cases.

import { watch } from 'valtio/utils'

const state = proxy({ count: 0 })
const stop = watch((get) => {
  console.log('state has changed to', get(state)) // auto-subscribe on use
})

Suspend your components

Valtio supports React-suspense and will throw promises that you access within a components render function. This eliminates all the async back-and-forth, you can access your data directly while the parent is responsible for fallback state and error handling.

const state = proxy({ post: fetch(url).then((res) => res.json()) })

function Post() {
  const snap = useSnapshot(state)
  return <div>{snap.post.title}</div>
}

function App() {
  return (
    <Suspense fallback={<span>waiting...</span>}>
      <Post />
    </Suspense>
  )
}

Holding objects in state without tracking them

This may be useful if you have large, nested objects with accessors that you don't want to proxy. ref allows you to keep these objects inside the state model.

See #61 and #178 for more information.

import { proxy, ref } from 'valtio'

const state = proxy({
  count: 0,
  dom: ref(document.body),
})

Update transiently (for often occurring state-changes)

You can read state in a component without causing re-render.

function Foo() {
  const { count, text } = state
  // ...

Or, you can have more control with subscribing in useEffect.

function Foo() {
  const total = useRef(0)
  useEffect(() => subscribe(state.arr, () => {
    total.current = state.arr.reduce((p, c) => p + c)
  }), [])
  // ...

Update synchronously

By default, state mutations are batched before triggering re-render. Sometimes, we want to disable the batching. The known use case of this is <input> #270.

function TextBox() {
  const snap = useSnapshot(state, { sync: true })
  return (
    <input value={snap.text} onChange={(e) => (state.text = e.target.value)} />
  )
}

Dev tools

You can use Redux DevTools Extension for plain objects and arrays.

import { devtools } from 'valtio/utils'

const state = proxy({ count: 0, text: 'hello' })
const unsub = devtools(state, { name: 'state name', enabled: true })

Use it vanilla

Valtio is not tied to React, you can use it in vanilla-js.

import { proxy, subscribe, snapshot } from 'valtio/vanilla'
// import { ... } from 'valtio/vanilla/utils'

const state = proxy({ count: 0, text: 'hello' })

subscribe(state, () => {
  console.log('state is mutated')
  const obj = snapshot(state) // A snapshot is an immutable object
})

useProxy util

While the separation of proxy state and its snapshot is important, it's confusing for beginners. We have a convenient util to improve developer experience. useProxy returns shallow proxy state and its snapshot, meaning you can only mutate on root level.

import { useProxy } from 'valtio/utils'

const state = proxy({ count: 1 })

const Component = () => {
  // useProxy returns a special proxy that can be used both in render and callbacks
  // The special proxy has to be used directly in a function scope. You can't destructure it outside the scope.
  const $state = useProxy(state)
  return (
    <div>
      {$state.count}
      <button onClick={() => ++$state.count}>+1</button>
    </div>
  )
}

derive util

You can subscribe to some proxies and create a derived proxy.

import { derive } from 'valtio/utils'

// create a base proxy
const state = proxy({
  count: 1,
})

// create a derived proxy
const derived = derive({
  doubled: (get) => get(state).count * 2,
})

// alternatively, attach derived properties to an existing proxy
derive(
  {
    tripled: (get) => get(state).count * 3,
  },
  {
    proxy: state,
  }
)

proxyWithHistory util

This is a utility function to create a proxy with snapshot history.

import { proxyWithHistory } from 'valtio/utils'

const state = proxyWithHistory({ count: 0 })
console.log(state.value) // ---> { count: 0 }
state.value.count += 1
console.log(state.value) // ---> { count: 1 }
state.undo()
console.log(state.value) // ---> { count: 0 }
state.redo()
console.log(state.value) // ---> { count: 1 }

proxySet util

This is to create a proxy which mimic the native Set behavior. The API is the same as Set API

import { proxySet } from 'valtio/utils'

const state = proxySet([1, 2, 3])
//can be used inside a proxy as well
//const state = proxy({
//    count: 1,
//    set: proxySet()
//})

state.add(4)
state.delete(1)
state.forEach((v) => console.log(v)) // 2,3,4

proxyMap util

This is to create a proxy which emulate the native Map behavior. The API is the same as Map API

import { proxyMap } from 'valtio/utils'

const state = proxyMap([
  ['key', 'value'],
  ['key2', 'value2'],
])
state.set('key', 'value')
state.delete('key')
state.get('key') // ---> value
state.forEach((value, key) => console.log(key, value)) // ---> "key", "value", "key2", "value2"

Compatibility

Valtio works with React with hooks support (>=16.8). It only depends on react and works with any renderers such as react-dom, react-native, react-three-fiber, and so on.

Valtio works on Node.js, Next.js and other frameworks.

Valtio also works without React. See vanilla.

Plugins

• eslint-plugin-valtio

Recipes

Valtio is unopinionated about best practices. The community is working on recipes on wiki pages.

• How to organize actions
• How to persist states
• How to use with context
• How to split and compose states