remark-directive

remark plugin to support the generic directives proposal (:cite[smith04], ::youtube[Video of a cat in a box]{v=01ab2cd3efg}, and such).

Contents

• What is this?
• When should I use this?
• Install
• Use
• API
  • unified().use(remarkDirective)
• Examples
  • Example: YouTube
  • Example: Styled blocks
• Syntax
• Syntax tree
• Types
• Compatibility
• Security
• Related
• Contribute
• License

What is this?

This package is a unified (remark) plugin to add support for directives: one syntax for arbitrary extensions in markdown. You can use this with some more code to match your specific needs, to allow for anything from callouts, citations, styled blocks, forms, embeds, spoilers, etc.

unified is a project that transforms content with abstract syntax trees (ASTs). remark adds support for markdown to unified. mdast is the markdown AST that remark uses. micromark is the markdown parser we use. This is a remark plugin that adds support for the directives syntax and AST to remark.

When should I use this?

Directives are one of the four ways to extend markdown: an arbitrary extension syntax (see Extending markdown in micromark’s docs for the alternatives and more info). This mechanism works well when you control the content: who authors it, what tools handle it, and where it’s displayed. When authors can read a guide on how to embed a tweet but are not expected to know the ins and outs of HTML or JavaScript. Directives don’t work well if you don’t know who authors content, what tools handle it, and where it ends up. Example use cases are a docs website for a project or product, or blogging tools and static site generators.

Install

This package is ESM only. In Node.js (version 12.20+, 14.14+, or 16.0+), install with npm:

npm install remark-directive

In Deno with esm.sh:

import remarkDirective from 'https://esm.sh/remark-directive@2'

In browsers with esm.sh:

<script type="module">
  import remarkDirective from 'https://esm.sh/remark-directive@2?bundle'
</script>

Use

Say we have the following file, example.md:

:::main{#readme}

Lorem:br
ipsum.

::hr{.red}

A :i[lovely] language know as :abbr[HTML]{title="HyperText Markup Language"}.

:::

And our module, example.js, looks as follows:

import {read} from 'to-vfile'
import {unified} from 'unified'
import remarkParse from 'remark-parse'
import remarkDirective from 'remark-directive'
import remarkRehype from 'remark-rehype'
import rehypeFormat from 'rehype-format'
import rehypeStringify from 'rehype-stringify'
import {visit} from 'unist-util-visit'
import {h} from 'hastscript'

main()

async function main() {
  const file = await unified()
    .use(remarkParse)
    .use(remarkDirective)
    .use(myRemarkPlugin)
    .use(remarkRehype)
    .use(rehypeFormat)
    .use(rehypeStringify)
    .process(await read('example.md'))

  console.log(String(file))
}

// This plugin is an example to let users write HTML with directives.
// It’s informative but rather useless.
// See below for others examples.
/** @type {import('unified').Plugin<[], import('mdast').Root>} */
function myRemarkPlugin() {
  return (tree) => {
    visit(tree, (node) => {
      if (
        node.type === DirectiveType.Text ||
        node.type === DirectiveType.Leaf
      ) {
        const data = node.data || (node.data = {})
        const hast = h(node.name, node.attributes)

        data.hName = hast.tagName
        data.hProperties = hast.properties
      }
    })
  }
}

Now, running node example yields:

<main id="readme">
  <p>Lorem<br>ipsum.</p>
  <hr class="red">
  <p>A <i>lovely</i> language know as <abbr title="HyperText Markup Language">HTML</abbr>.</p>
</main>

API

This package exports no identifiers. The default export is remarkDirective.

unified().use(remarkDirective)

Configures remark so that it can parse and serialize directives. Doesn’t handle the directives: create your own plugin to do that.

Examples

Example: YouTube

This example shows how directives can be used for YouTube embeds. It’s based on the example in Use above. If myRemarkPlugin was replaced with this function:

// This plugin is an example to turn `::youtube` into iframes.
/** @type {import('unified').Plugin<[], import('mdast').Root>} */
function myRemarkPlugin() {
  return (tree, file) => {
    visit(tree, (node) => {
      if (
        node.type === DirectiveType.Text ||
        node.type === DirectiveType.Leaf
      ) {
        if (node.name !== 'youtube') return

        const data = node.data || (node.data = {})
        const attributes = node.attributes || {}
        const id = attributes.id

        if (node.type === DirectiveType.Text) file.fail('Text directives for `youtube` not supported', node)
        if (!id) file.fail('Missing video id', node)

        data.hName = 'iframe'
        data.hProperties = {
          src: 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/' + id,
          width: 200,
          height: 200,
          frameBorder: 0,
          allow: 'picture-in-picture',
          allowFullScreen: true
        }
      }
    })
  }
}

…and example.md contains:

# Cat videos

::youtube[Video of a cat in a box]{#01ab2cd3efg}

…then running node example yields:

<h1>Cat videos</h1>
<iframe src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/01ab2cd3efg" width="200" height="200" frameborder="0" allow="picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen>Video of a cat in a box</iframe>

Example: Styled blocks

Note: This is sometimes called admonitions, callouts, etc.

This example shows how directives can be used to style blocks. It’s based on the example in Use above. If myRemarkPlugin was replaced with this function:

// This plugin is an example to turn `::note` into divs, passing arbitrary
// attributes.
/** @type {import('unified').Plugin<[], import('mdast').Root>} */
function myRemarkPlugin() {
  return (tree) => {
    visit(tree, (node) => {
      if (
        node.type === DirectiveType.Text ||
        node.type === DirectiveType.Leaf
      ) {
        if (node.name !== 'note') return

        const data = node.data || (node.data = {})
        const tagName = node.type === DirectiveType.Text ? 'span' : 'div'

        data.hName = tagName
        data.hProperties = h(tagName, node.attributes).properties
      }
    })
  }
}

…and example.md contains:

# How to use xxx

You can use xxx.

:::note{.warning}
if you chose xxx, you should also use yyy somewhere…
:::

…then running node example yields:

<h1>How to use xxx</h1>
<p>You can use xxx.</p>
<div class="warning">
  <p>if you chose xxx, you should also use yyy somewhere…</p>
</div>

Syntax

This plugin applies a micromark extensions to parse the syntax. See its readme for parse details:

• micromark-extension-directive

Syntax tree

This plugin applies one mdast utility to build and serialize the AST. See its readme for the node types supported in the tree:

• mdast-util-directive

Types

This package is fully typed with TypeScript. If you’re working with the syntax tree, make sure to import this plugin somewhere in your types, as that registers the new node types in the tree.

/** @typedef {import('remark-directive')} */

import {visit} from 'unist-util-visit'

/** @type {import('unified').Plugin<[], import('mdast').Root>} */
export default function myRemarkPlugin() {
  return (tree) => {
    visit(tree, (node) => {
      // `node` can now be one of the nodes for directives.
    })
  }
}

Compatibility

Projects maintained by the unified collective are compatible with all maintained versions of Node.js. As of now, that is Node.js 12.20+, 14.14+, and 16.0+. Our projects sometimes work with older versions, but this is not guaranteed.

This plugin works with unified version 9+ and remark version 14+.

Security

Use of remark-directive does not involve rehype (hast) or user content so there are no openings for cross-site scripting (XSS) attacks.

Related

• remark-gfm — support GFM (autolink literals, footnotes, strikethrough, tables, tasklists)
• remark-frontmatter — support frontmatter (YAML, TOML, and more)
• remark-math — support math
• remark-mdx — support MDX (JSX, expressions, ESM)

Contribute

See contributing.md in remarkjs/.github for ways to get started. See support.md for ways to get help.

This project has a code of conduct. By interacting with this repository, organization, or community you agree to abide by its terms.

License

MIT © Titus Wormer