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Tiny Validator (for v4 JSON Schema)

Use json-schema draft v4 to validate simple values and complex objects using a rich validation vocabulary (examples).

There is support for $ref with JSON Pointer fragment paths (other-schema.json#/properties/myKey).

Usage 1: Simple validation

var valid = tv4.validate(data, schema);

If validation returns false, then an explanation of why validation failed can be found in tv4.error.

The error object will look something like:

{
    "code": 0,
    "message": "Invalid type: string",
    "dataPath": "/intKey",
    "schemaKey": "/properties/intKey/type"
}

The "code" property will refer to one of the values in tv4.errorCodes - in this case, tv4.errorCodes.INVALID_TYPE.

To enable external schema to be referenced, you use:

tv4.addSchema(url, schema);

If schemas are referenced ($ref) but not known, then validation will return true and the missing schema(s) will be listed in tv4.missing. For more info see the API documentation below.

Usage 2: Multi-threaded validation

Storing the error and missing schemas does not work well in multi-threaded environments, so there is an alternative syntax:

var result = tv4.validateResult(data, schema);

The result will look something like:

{
    "valid": false,
    "error": {...},
    "missing": [...]
}

Usage 3: Multiple errors

Normally, tv4 stops when it encounters the first validation error. However, you can collect an array of validation errors using:

var result = tv4.validateMultiple(data, schema);

The result will look something like:

{
    "valid": false,
    "errors": [
        {...},
        ...
    ],
    "missing": [...]
}

Asynchronous validation

Support for asynchronous validation (where missing schemas are fetched) can be added by including an extra JavaScript file. Currently, the only version requires jQuery (tv4.async-jquery.js), but the code is very short and should be fairly easy to modify for other libraries (such as MooTools).

Usage:

tv4.validate(data, schema, function (isValid, validationError) { ... });

validationFailure is simply taken from tv4.error.

Options

You can use several options to change tv4's behavior when validating objects. Pass in an object to set these options for any of the regular validation methods:

tv4.validate(data, schema, {checkRecursive: true});
var result = tv4.validateResult(data, schema, {checkRecursive: true});
var multiple = tv4.validateMultiple(data, schema, {checkRecursive: true});

For backwards compatibility, you can also pass in two booleans to set the checkRecursive and banUnknownProperties options; this method signature is deprecated:

// Set checkRecursive to false (the default) and banUnknownProperties to true
tv4.validate(data, schema, false, true);

The following sections describe the validation options.

Cyclical JavaScript objects

While they don't occur in proper JSON, JavaScript does support self-referencing objects. Any of the above calls support a checkRecursive option. If true, tv4 will handle self-referencing objects properly - this slows down validation slightly, but that's better than a hanging script.

Consider this data, notice how both a and b refer to each other:

var a = {};
var b = { a: a };
a.b = b;
var aSchema = { properties: { b: { $ref: 'bSchema' }}};
var bSchema = { properties: { a: { $ref: 'aSchema' }}};
tv4.addSchema('aSchema', aSchema);
tv4.addSchema('bSchema', bSchema);

By default, this causes the validation methods to throw a "too much recursion" error.

To enable support for self-referencing objects, set the checkRecursive option to true:

tv4.validate(a, aSchema, {checkRecursive: true});
tv4.validate(a, schema, asynchronousFunction, {checkRecursive: true});

tv4.validateResult(a, aSchema, {checkRecursive: true});
tv4.validateMultiple(a, aSchema, {checkRecursive: true});

Properties not defined in the schema

An object's schema may include an additionalProperties setting. When additionalProperties is set to false, objects will fail validation if they include properties that are not defined in the schema.

You can enforce this behavior for all object schema by setting tv4's banUnknownProperties option to true:

tv4.validate(data, schema, {banUnknownProperties: true});
tv4.validate(data, schema, asynchronousFunction, {banUnknownProperties: true});

tv4.validateResult(data, schema, {banUnknownProperties: true});
tv4.validateMultiple(data, schema, {banUnknownProperties: true});

Inherited properties

By default, tv4 does not validate an object's inherited properties, which are ignored when you convert an object to JSON. This behavior differs from tv4 1.0.16 and earlier, which always validated inherited properties.

To validate inherited properties, set tv4's checkInheritedProperties option to true:

tv4.validate(data, schema, {checkInheritedProperties: true});
tv4.validate(data, schema, asynchronousFunction, {checkInheritedProperties: true});

tv4.validateResult(data, schema, {checkInheritedProperties: true});
tv4.validateMultiple(data, schema, {checkInheritedProperties: true});

Non-enumerable properties

By default, tv4 does not validate an object's own non-enumerable properties, which are ignored when you convert an object to JSON. This behavior differs from tv4 1.0.16 and earlier, which always validated an object's own non-enumerable properties.

To validate an object's own non-enumerable properties, set tv4's checkNonEnumerableProperties option to true:

tv4.validate(data, schema, {checkNonEnumerableProperties: true});
tv4.validate(data, schema, asynchronousFunction, {checkNonEnumerableProperties: true});

tv4.validateResult(data, schema, {checkNonEnumerableProperties: true});
tv4.validateMultiple(data, schema, {checkNonEnumerableProperties: true});

API

There are additional api commands available for more complex use-cases:

addSchema(uri, schema)

Pre-register a schema for reference by other schema and synchronous validation.

tv4.addSchema('http://example.com/schema', { ... });

• uri the uri to identify this schema.
• schema the schema object.

Schemas that have their id property set can be added directly.

tv4.addSchema({ ... });

getSchema(uri)

Return a schema from the cache.

• uri the uri of the schema (may contain a # fragment)

var schema = tv4.getSchema('http://example.com/schema');

getSchemaMap()

Return a shallow copy of the schema cache, mapping schema document URIs to schema objects.

var map = tv4.getSchemaMap();

var schema = map[uri];

getSchemaUris(filter)

Return an Array with known schema document URIs.

• filter optional RegExp to filter URIs

var arr = tv4.getSchemaUris();

// optional filter using a RegExp
var arr = tv4.getSchemaUris(/^https?://example.com/);

getMissingUris(filter)

Return an Array with schema document URIs that are used as $ref in known schemas but which currently have no associated schema data.

Use this in combination with tv4.addSchema(uri, schema) to preload the cache for complete synchronous validation with.

• filter optional RegExp to filter URIs

var arr = tv4.getMissingUris();

// optional filter using a RegExp
var arr = tv4.getMissingUris(/^https?://example.com/);

dropSchemas()

Drop all known schema document URIs from the cache.

tv4.dropSchemas();

freshApi()

Return a new tv4 instance with no shared state.

var otherTV4 = tv4.freshApi();

reset()

Manually reset validation status from the simple tv4.validate(data, schema). Although tv4 will self reset on each validation there are some implementation scenarios where this is useful.

tv4.reset();

language(code)

Select the language map used for reporting.

• code is a language code, like 'en' or 'en-gb'

tv4.language('en-gb');

addLanguage(code, map)

Add a new language map for selection by tv4.language(code)

• code is new language code
• map is an object mapping error IDs or constant names (e.g. 103 or "NUMBER_MAXIMUM") to language strings.

tv4.addLanguage('fr', { ... });

// select for use
tv4.language('fr')

addFormat(format, validationFunction)

Add a custom format validator. (There are no built-in format validators.)

• format is a string, corresponding to the "format" value in schemas.
• validationFunction is a function that either returns:
  • null (meaning no error)
  • an error string (explaining the reason for failure)

tv4.addFormat('decimal-digits', function (data, schema) {
	if (typeof data === 'string' && !/^[0-9]+$/.test(data)) {
		return null;
	}
	return "must be string of decimal digits";
});

Alternatively, multiple formats can be added at the same time using an object:

tv4.addFormat({
	'my-format': function () {...},
	'other-format': function () {...}
});

Demos

Basic usage

alert("data 1: " + tv4.validate(data1, schema)); // true alert("data 2: " + tv4.validate(data2, schema)); // false alert("data 2 error: " + JSON.stringify(tv4.error, null, 4));

Use of $ref

alert("data 1: " + tv4.validate(data1, schema)); // true alert("data 2: " + tv4.validate(data2, schema)); // false

Missing schema

alert("Valid: " + tv4.validate(data, schema)); // true alert("Missing schemas: " + JSON.stringify(tv4.missing));

Referencing remote schema

alert("data 1: " + tv4.validate(data1, schema)); // true alert("data 2: " + tv4.validate(data2, schema)); // false

Supported platforms

• Node.js
• All modern browsers
• IE >= 7

Installation

You can manually download tv4.js or the minified tv4.min.js and include it in your html to create the global tv4 variable.

Alternately use it as a CommonJS module:

var tv4 = require('tv4');

npm

$ npm install tv4

bower

$ bower install tv4

component.io

$ component install geraintluff/tv4

Build and test

You can rebuild and run the node and browser tests using node.js and grunt:

Make sure you have the global grunt cli command:

$ npm install grunt-cli -g

Clone the git repos, open a shell in the root folder and install the development dependencies:

$ npm install

Rebuild and run the tests:

$ grunt

It will run a build and display one Spec-style report for the node.js and two Dot-style reports for both the plain and minified browser tests (via phantomJS). You can also use your own browser to manually run the suites by opening test/index.html and test/index-min.html.

Contributing

Pull-requests for fixes and expansions are welcome. Edit the partial files in /source and add your tests in a suitable suite or folder under /test/tests and run grunt to rebuild and run the test suite. Try to maintain an idiomatic coding style and add tests for any new features. It is recommend to discuss big changes in an Issue.

Packages using tv4

• chai-json-schema is a Chai Assertion Library plugin to assert values against json-schema.
• grunt-tv4 is a plugin for Grunt that uses tv4 to bulk validate json files.

License

The code is available as "public domain", meaning that it is completely free to use, without any restrictions at all. Read the full license here.

It's also available under an MIT license.