@easen-tools: UUID v4 generator

Generate fast and cryptographically secure UUID v4 (RFC-4122 compliant).

This implementation combines multiple ways of UUID generation, to achieve best performance and security.

Works in both browser and in Node.js environment (with zero dependencies).

What is UUID v4?

UUID is universally unique identifier, what describes itself.

UUID is a 128-bit number (with string representation), which should (in practice) be unique.

There are multiple UUID versions, which differ by ID generation input data:

• Version 1: uses date-time (clock time) and MAC address for generation
• Version 2: same as version 1 + 4 bytes of local domain
• Version 3: namespace and input hashed with MD5
• Version 4: random value
• Version 5: similar to version 3 but with SHA1

It's a nice way of generating identifiers (especially in distributed systems), which has pretty low chance to not be really unique.

You probably would not like to use it in nuclear bomb software, but it's reasonable to use it in regular applications.

Random bytes generation

Math.random is not generating cryptographically secure random numbers (link), so when you want to have more likely random numbers, you should use Crypto API for that purpose.

For generating random bytes it use either:

• Web Crypto API
• Node.js Crypto API
• Math.random (when Crypto is not available, or unsafe is used directly)

How to install

Package is available on NPM:

npm install @easen-tools/uuid

How to use it

There are 5 methods exposed:

const uuid = require('@easen-tools/uuid')

// Generate cryptographically secure UUID v4
uuid.generate() // "52c8c225-435c-4a6f-a2f6-059cb1b0a5d3"

// Generate cryptographically secure binary UUID v4
uuid.generate.bin() // [ 122, 178, 72, 225, 142, 146, 70, 162, 169, 19, 108, 24, 83, 126, 16, 14 ]

// Generate not safe UUID v4
uuid.generateUnsafe() // "86d46c37-66a7-43c4-9191-7704ace0fceb"

// Generate not safe binary UUID v4
uuid.generateUnsafe.bin() // [ 226, 66, 103, 150, 199, 203, 70, 142, 180, 12, 7, 191, 251, 222, 101, 174 ]

// Test if it's valid UUID v4
const a = '7300adec-f3b7-47b6-b958-0f91b781ee73'
const b = '7300adec-f3b7-37b6-b958-0f91b781ee73'
const c = 'blah blah blah'
uuid.test(a) // true
uuid.test(b) // false
uuid.test(c) // false

Benchmark

Benchmark code is available in benchmark directory.

Tests were running on MacBook Pro, 2018 (Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-8259U CPU @ 2.30GHz, 16GB RAM). Tested on Node.js v15.8.0.

Observations

• It's far faster than any other library
  • 2-3 times faster than uuid-random
  • over 6 times faster than native Crypto.randomUUID
  • 20-30 times faster than uuid module
• In newer Node.js, cryptographically secure algorithm is even faster than unsafe

Results

| Implementation | Representation | Secure | ops/sec | |----------------------------------------------------------|----------------|:------:|-----------------------------| | @easen-tools/uuid | binary | ✔ | 38,770,508 ops/sec ±0.90% | | @easen-tools/uuid | binary | ✖ | 26,632,001 ops/sec ±0.75% | | @easen-tools/uuid | string | ✔ | 20,020,123 ops/sec ±0.58% | | uuid-random | binary | ✔ | 16,171,541 ops/sec ±0.80% | | @easen-tools/uuid | string | ✖ | 13,117,311 ops/sec ±0.65% | | uuid-random | string | ✔ | 10,966,767 ops/sec ±0.82% | | Moleculer (embedded) | string | ✖ | 5,894,184 ops/sec ±0.60% | | Crypto.randomUUID | string | ✔ | 3,901,747 ops/sec ±1.00% | | 'uuid' module | string | ✔ | 1,157,118 ops/sec ±2.35% | | 'uuid' module | binary | ✔ | 878,645 ops/sec ±3.40% | | fast-uuid | string | ✖ | 843,504 ops/sec ±0.55% | | Crypto.randomUUID (without cache) | string | ✔ | 349,835 ops/sec ±6.38% |

Raw results

Raw results from benchmark, I have only sorted them from fastest to slowest.

02-easen-binary x 38,770,508 ops/sec ±0.90% (88 runs sampled)
01-easen-unsafe-binary x 26,632,001 ops/sec ±0.75% (91 runs sampled)
05-easen x 20,020,123 ops/sec ±0.58% (92 runs sampled)
03-uuid-random-binary x 16,171,541 ops/sec ±0.80% (90 runs sampled)
06-easen-unsafe x 13,117,311 ops/sec ±0.65% (92 runs sampled)
07-uuid-random x 10,966,767 ops/sec ±0.82% (93 runs sampled)
04-moleculer x 5,894,184 ops/sec ±0.60% (93 runs sampled)
11-crypto-random-uuid x 3,901,747 ops/sec ±1.00% (91 runs sampled)
09-node-uuid x 1,157,118 ops/sec ±2.35% (93 runs sampled)
08-node-uuid-binary x 878,645 ops/sec ±3.40% (77 runs sampled)
10-fast-uuid x 843,504 ops/sec ±0.55% (96 runs sampled)
12-crypto-random-uuid-no-cache x 349,835 ops/sec ±6.38% (77 runs sampled)