@cardstack/node-pg-migrate
v3.0.0-rc2-cardstack.1
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Postgresql database migration management tool for node.js
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node-pg-migrate
Node.js database migration management built exclusively for postgres. (But can also be used for other DBs conforming to SQL standard - e.g. CockroachDB.) Started by Theo Ephraim, now maintained by Salsita Software.
Looking for v2 docs?
see v2 branch.
Installation
$ npm install node-pg-migrate
Installing this module adds a runnable file into your node_modules/.bin
directory. If installed globally (with the -g option), you can run node-pg-migrate
and if not, you can run ./node_modules/.bin/node-pg-migrate
Usage
You can specify your database connection information using config.
// config/default.json
{
"db": "postgres://postgres:password@localhost:5432/database"
}
or
// config/default.json
{
"db": {
"user": "postgres",
"password": "",
"host": "localhost",
"port": 5432,
"database": "database"
}
}
You could also specify your database url by setting the environment variable DATABASE_URL
.
DATABASE_URL=postgres://postgres@localhost/database node-pg-migrate
You can specify custom JSON file with config (format is same as for db
entry of config file), for example:
// path/to/config.json
{
"user": "postgres",
"password": "",
"host": "localhost",
"port": 5432,
"database": "database"
}
If a .env file exists, it will be loaded using dotenv (if installed) when running the node-pg-migrate binary.
Depending on your project's setup, it may make sense to write some custom grunt tasks that set this env var and run your migration commands. More on that below.
The following are the available commands:
node-pg-migrate create {migration-name}
- creates a new migration file with the name you give it. Spaces and underscores will be replaced by dashes and a timestamp is prepended to your file name.node-pg-migrate up
- runs all up migrations from the current state.node-pg-migrate up {N}
- runs N up migrations from the current state.node-pg-migrate down
- runs a single down migration.node-pg-migrate down {N}
- runs N down migrations from the current state.node-pg-migrate redo
- redoes last migration (runs a single down migration, then single up migration).node-pg-migrate redo {N}
- redoes N last migrations (runs N down migrations, then N up migrations).
Configuration
You can adjust defaults by passing arguments to node-pg-migrate
:
config-file
(f
) - The file with migration JSON config (defaults to undefined)schema
(s
) - The schema on which migration will be run (defaults topublic
)create-schema
- Create the configured schema if it doesn't exist (defaults tofalse
)database-url-var
(d
) - Name of env variable with database url string (defaults toDATABASE_URL
)migrations-dir
(m
) - The directory containing your migration files (defaults tomigrations
)migrations-schema
- The schema storing table which migrations have been run (defaults to same value asschema
)create-migrations-schema
- Create the configured migrations schema if it doesn't exist (defaults tofalse
)migrations-table
(t
) - The table storing which migrations have been run (defaults topgmigrations
)ignore-pattern
- Regex pattern for file names to ignore (e.g.ignore_file|\..*|.*\.spec\.js
)migration-file-language
(j
) - Language of the migration file to create (js
orts
)timestamp
- Treats number argument to up/down migration as timestamp (running up migrations less or equal to timestamp or down migrations greater or equal to timestamp)check-order
- Check order of migrations before running them (defaults totrue
, to switch it off supply--no-check-order
on command line). (There should be no migration with timestamp lesser than last run migration.)single-transaction
- Combines all pending migrations into a single transaction so that if any migration fails, all will be rolled back (defaults totrue
, to switch it off supply--no-single-transaction
on command line).no-lock
- Disables locking mechanism and checks (useful for DBs which does not support SQL commands used for locking)
See all by running node-pg-migrate --help
.
Most of configuration options can be also specified in config file.
For SSL connection to DB you can set PGSSLMODE
environment variable to value from list other then disable
.
e.g. PGSSLMODE=require node-pg-migrate up
(pg will take it into account)
JSON Configuration
You can use config or your own json file with configuration (config-file
command line option).
Available options are:
migrations-dir
,migrations-schema
,migrations-table
,check-order
,ignore-pattern
- same as aboveeither
url
or [user
], [password
],host
(defaults to localhost),port
(defaults to 5432),database
- for connection details
Locking
node-pg-migrate
automatically checks if no other migration is running. To do so, it uses an advisory lock.
Transpiling Babel or Typescript
You can use babel or typescript for transpiling migration files. It requires a little setup to use:
Update
scripts
section in yourpackage.json
to contain'migrate': 'node migrate.js'
Create
migrate.js
file with contents:// require('babel-core/register')( { ... your babel config ... } ); // require('ts-node').register( { ... your typescript config ... } ); require('./node_modules/node-pg-migrate/bin/node-pg-migrate');
Uncomment/Use either babel or typescript hook and adjust your config for compiler. You can then use migration as usual via e.g.
npm run migrate up
. :tada:
Programmatic API
Alongside with command line, you can use node-pg-migrate
also programmatically. It exports runner function,
which takes options argument with following structure (similar to command line arguments):
databaseUrl
[string or object] - Connection string or client config which is passed to new pg.ClientmigrationsTable
[string] - The table storing which migrations have been runmigrationsSchema
[string] - The schema storing table which migrations have been run (defaults to same value asschema
)schema
[string] - The schema on which migration will be run (defaults topublic
)dir
[string] - The directory containing your migration filescheckOrder
[boolean] - Check order of migrations before running themdirection
[enum] -up
ordown
count
[number] - Number of migration to runtimestamp
[boolean] - Treatscount
as timestampignorePattern
[string] - Regex pattern for file names to ignorefile
[string] - Run only migration with this nametypeShorthands
[object] - Object with column type shorthandssingleTransaction
[boolean] - Combines all pending migrations into a single transaction so that if any migration fails, all will be rolled back (defaults totrue
)createSchema
[boolean] - Creates the configured schema if it doesn't existcreateMigrationsSchema
[boolean] - Creates the configured migration schema if it doesn't existnoLock
[boolean] - Disables locking mechanism and checksdryRun
[boolean]
Defining Migrations
When you run node-pg-migrate create
a new migration file is created that looks like this:
exports.shorthands = undefined;
exports.up = function up(pgm) {};
exports.down = function down(pgm) {};
pgm
is a helper object that provides migration operations and run
is the callback to call when you are done.
shorthands
is optional for column type shorthands. You can specify custom types which will be expanded to column definition
(e.g. for exports.shorthands = { id: { type: 'uuid', primaryKey: true }, createdAt: { type: 'timestamp', notNull: true, default: new PgLiteral('current_timestamp') } };
it will in pgm.createTable('test', { id: 'id', createdAt: 'createdAt' });
produce SQL CREATE TABLE "test" ("id" uuid PRIMARY KEY, "createdAt" timestamp DEFAULT current_timestamp NOT NULL);
).
These shorthands are inherited from previous migrations. You can override/change value by simply defining new value for given shorthand name,
if will be used in current and all following migrations (until changed again).
IMPORTANT
Calling the migration functions on pgm
doesn't actually migrate your database. These functions just add sql commands to a stack that is run.
Automatic Down Migrations
If exports.down
is not present in a migration, node-pg-migrate will try to automatically infer the operations that make up the down migration by reversing the operations of the up migration. Only some operations have automatically inferrable equivalents (details below on each operation). Sometimes, migrations are destructive and cannot be rolled back. In this case, you can set exports.down = false
to tell node-pg-migrate that the down migration is impossible.
Async Migrations
In some cases, you may want to perform some async operation during a migration, for example fetching some information from an external server, or inserting some data into the database. To make a migration block operate in async mode, just add another callback argument to the function signature. However, be aware that NONE of the pgm operations will be executed until run()
is called. Here's an example:
exports.up = function up(pgm, run) {
doSomethingAsync(function() {
run();
});
};
Another way how to perform some async operation is to return Promise from up
or down
function. Example:
exports.up = function(pgm) {
return new Promise(resolve => {
// doSomethingAsync
resolve();
});
};
Migration methods
The pgm
object that is passed to each up/down block has many different operations available. Each operation is simply a function that generates some sql and stores it in the current pgm context.
By default, each migration will be run in a transaction. To disable transactions for a specific migration, call pgm.noTransaction()
This is required for some SQL operations that cannot be run within a transaction. It should be used carefully.
Creating & Altering Tables / Columns
pgm.createTable( tablename, columns, options )
Create a new table - postgres docs
Arguments:
tablename
[string] - name for the new tablecolumns
[object] - column names / options -- see column definitions sectionoptions
[object] - table options (optional)temporary
[bool] - default falseifNotExists
[bool] - default falseinherits
[string] - table(s) to inherit fromconstraints
[object] - table constraintscheck
[string] - sql for a check constraintunique
[string or array of strings or array of array of strings] - names of unique columnsprimaryKey
[string or array of strings] - names of primary columnsexclude
[string] - sql for an exclude constraintdeferrable
[boolean] - flag for deferrable table constraintdeferred
[boolean] - flag for initially deferred deferrable table constraintforeignKeys
[object or array of objects] - foreign keys specificationcolumns
[string or array of strings] - names of columnsreferences
[string] - names of foreign table and column namesonDelete
[string] - action to perform on deleteonUpdate
[string] - action to perform on updatematch
[string] -FULL
orSIMPLE
like
[string] - table(s) to inherit fromcomment
[string] - adds comment on table
Reverse Operation: dropTable
pgm.dropTable( tablename, options )
Drop existing table - postgres docs
Arguments:
tablename
[string] - name of the table to dropoptions
[object] - options:ifExists
[boolean] - drops table only if it existscascade
[boolean] - drops also dependent objects
pgm.renameTable( tablename, new_tablename )
Rename a table - postgres docs
Arguments:
tablename
[string] - name of the table to renamenew_table
[object] - new name of the table
Reverse Operation: same operation in opposite direction
pgm.alterTable( tablename, options )
Alter existing table - postgres docs
Arguments:
tablename
[string] - name of the table to alteroptions
[object] - options:levelSecurity
[string] -DISABLE
,ENABLE
,FORCE
, orNO FORCE
pgm.addColumns( tablename, new_columns )
Add columns to an existing table - postgres docs
Arguments:
tablename
[string] - name of the table to alternew_columns
[object] - column names / options -- see column definitions section
Aliases: addColumn
Reverse Operation: dropColumns
pgm.dropColumns( tablename, columns, options )
Drop columns from a table - postgres docs
Arguments:
tablename
[string] - name of the table to altercolumns
[array of strings or object] - columns to drop (if object, uses keys)options
[object] - options:ifExists
[boolean] - drops column only if it existscascade
[boolean] - drops also dependent objects
Aliases: dropColumn
pgm.renameColumn( tablename, old_column_name, new_column_name )
Rename a column - postgres docs
Arguments:
tablename
[string] - name of the table to alterold_column_name
[string] - current column namenew_column_name
[string] - new column name
Reverse Operation: same operation in opposite direction
pgm.alterColumn( tablename, column_name, column_options )
Alter a column (default value, type, allow null) - postgres docs
Arguments:
tablename
[string] - name of the table to altercolumn_name
[string] - column to altercolumn_options
[object] - optional new column optionsdefault
[string or null] - null, stringtype
[string] - new datatypenotNull
[boolean] - sets NOT NULL if true or NULL if falseallowNull
[boolean] - sets NULL if true (alternative tonotNull
)using
[string] - adds USING clause to change values in columncollation
[string] - adds COLLATE clause to change values in columncomment
[string] - adds comment on column
pgm.addConstraint( tablename, constraint_name, expression )
Add a named column constraint - postgres docs
Arguments:
tablename
[string] - name of the table to alterconstraint_name
[string] - name for the constraintexpression
[string or object] - constraint expression (raw sql) or see constraints section of create table
Aliases: createConstraint
Reverse Operation: dropConstraint
pgm.dropConstraint( tablename, constraint_name, options )
Drop a named column constraint - postgres docs
Arguments:
tablename
[string] - name of the table to alterconstraint_name
[string] - name for the constraintoptions
[object] - options:ifExists
[boolean] - drops constraint only if it existscascade
[boolean] - drops also dependent objects
pgm.renameConstraint( tablename, old_constraint_name, new_constraint_name )
Rename a constraint - postgres docs
Arguments:
tablename
[string] - name of the table to alterold_constraint_name
[string] - current constraint namenew_constraint_name
[string] - new constraint name
Reverse Operation: same operation in opposite direction
pgm.createIndex( tablename, columns, options )
Create a new index - postgres docs
Arguments:
tablename
[string] - name of the table to altercolumns
[string or array of strings] - columns to add to the indexoptions
[index options] - optional options:name
[string] - name for the index (one will be inferred from table/columns if undefined)unique
[boolean] - set to true if this is a unique indexwhere
[string] - raw sql for where clause of indexconcurrently
[boolean] - create this index concurrentlymethod
[string] - btree | hash | gist | spgist | gin
Aliases: addIndex
Reverse Operation: dropIndex
pgm.dropIndex( tablename, columns, options )
Drop an index - postgres docs
Arguments:
tablename
[string] - name of the table to altercolumns
[string or array of strings] - column names, used only to infer an index nameoptions
[index options] - optional options:name
[string] - name of the index to drop
Extension Operations
pgm.createExtension( extension )
Install postgres extension(s) - postgres docs
Arguments:
extension
[string or array of strings] - name(s) of extensions to install
Aliases: addExtension
Reverse Operation: dropExtension
pgm.dropExtension( extension )
Un-install postgres extension(s) - postgres docs
Arguments:
extension
[string or array of strings] - name(s) of extensions to install
Type Operations
pgm.createType( type_name, values )
Create a new data type - postgres docs
Arguments:
type_name
[string] - name of the new typevalues
[array of strings or object] if an array the contents are possible values for an enum type, if an object names and types for a composite type
Aliases: addType
Reverse Operation: dropType
pgm.dropType( type_name )
Drop a custom data type - postgres docs
Arguments:
type_name
[string] - name of the new type
pgm.renameType( type_name, new_type_name )
Rename a data type - postgres docs
Arguments:
type_name
[string] - name of the type to renamenew_type_name
[string] - name of the new type
pgm.addTypeAttribute( type_name, attribute_name, attribute_type )
Add attribute to an existing data type - postgres docs
Arguments:
type_name
[string] - name of the typeattribute_name
[string] - name of the attribute to addattribute_type
[string] - type of the attribute to add
pgm.dropTypeAttribute( type_name, attribute_name, options )
Drop attribute from a data type - postgres docs
Arguments:
type_name
[string] - name of the typeattribute_name
[string] - name of the attribute to dropoptions
[object] - options:ifExists
[boolean] - default false
pgm.setTypeAttribute( type_name, attribute_name, attribute_type )
Set data type of an existing attribute of data type - postgres docs
Arguments:
type_name
[string] - name of the typeattribute_name
[string] - name of the attributeattribute_type
[string] - new type of the attribute
pgm.addTypeValue( type_name, value, options )
Add value to a list of enum data type - postgres docs
Arguments:
type_name
[string] - name of the typevalue
[string] - value to add to listoptions
[object] - options:ifNotExists
[boolean] - default falsebefore
[string] - value before which the new value should be addafter
[string] - value after which the new value should be add
pgm.renameTypeAttribute( type_name, attribute_name, new_attribute_name )
Rename an attribute of data type - postgres docs
Arguments:
type_name
[string] - name of the typeattribute_name
[string] - name of the attribute to renamenew_attribute_name
[string] - new name of the attribute
Role Operations
pgm.createRole( role_name, role_options )
Create a new role - postgres docs
Arguments:
role_name
[string] - name of the new rolerole_options
[object] - options:superuser
[boolean] - default falsecreatedb
[boolean] - default falsecreaterole
[boolean] - default falseinherit
[boolean] - default truelogin
[boolean] - default falsereplication
[boolean] - default falsebypassrls
[boolean]limit
[number] -password
[string] -encrypted
[boolean] - default truevalid
[string] - timestampinRole
[string or array of strings] - role or array of rolesrole
[string or array of strings] - role or array of rolesadmin
[string or array of strings] - role or array of roles
Reverse Operation: dropRole
pgm.dropRole( role_name )
Drop a role - postgres docs
Arguments:
role_name
[string] - name of the new role
pgm.alterRole( role_name, role_options )
Alter a role - postgres docs
Arguments:
role_name
[string] - name of the new rolerole_options
[object] - see
pgm.renameRole( old_role_name, new_role_name )
Rename a role - postgres docs
Arguments:
old_role_name
[string] - old name of the rolenew_role_name
[string] - new name of the role
Function Operations
pgm.createFunction( function_name, function_params, function_options, definition )
Create a new function - postgres docs
Arguments:
function_name
[string] - name of the new functionfunction_params
[array] - parameters of the new functionEither array of strings or objects. If array of strings, it is interpreted as is, if array of objects:
mode
[string] -IN
,OUT
,INOUT
, orVARIADIC
name
[string] - name of argumenttype
[string] - datatype of argumentdefault
[string] - default value of argument
function_options
[object] - options:returns
[string] - returns clauselanguage
[string] - language name of function definitionreplace
[boolean] - create or replace functionwindow
[boolean] - window functionbehavior
[string] -IMMUTABLE
,STABLE
, orVOLATILE
onNull
[boolean] -RETURNS NULL ON NULL INPUT
parallel
[string] -UNSAFE
,RESTRICTED
, orSAFE
definition
[string] - definition of function
Reverse Operation: dropFunction
pgm.dropFunction( function_name, function_params, drop_options )
Drop a function - postgres docs
Arguments:
function_name
[string] - name of the function to dropfunction_params
[array] - seedrop_options
[object] - options:ifExists
[boolean] - drops function only if it existscascade
[boolean] - drops also dependent objects
pgm.renameFunction( old_function_name, function_params, new_function_name )
Rename a function - postgres docs
Arguments:
old_function_name
[string] - old name of the functionfunction_params
[array] - seenew_function_name
[string] - new name of the function
Trigger Operations
pgm.createTrigger( table_name, trigger_name, trigger_options )
Create a new trigger - postgres docs
Arguments:
table_name
[string] - name of the table where the new trigger will livetrigger_name
[string] - name of the new triggertrigger_options
[object] - options:when
[string] -BEFORE
,AFTER
, orINSTEAD OF
operation
[string or array of strings] -INSERT
,UPDATE[ OF ...]
,DELETE
orTRUNCATE
constraint
[boolean] - creates constraint triggerfunction
[string] - the name of procedure to executefunctionArgs
[array] - parameters of the procedurelevel
[string] -STATEMENT
, orROW
condition
[string] - condition to met to execute triggerdeferrable
[boolean] - flag for deferrable constraint triggerdeferred
[boolean] - flag for initially deferred deferrable constraint trigger
definition
[string] - optional definition of function which will be created with same name as trigger
Reverse Operation: dropTrigger
pgm.dropTrigger( table_name, trigger_name, drop_options )
Drop a trigger - postgres docs
Arguments:
table_name
[string] - name of the table where the trigger livestrigger_name
[string] - name of the trigger to dropdrop_options
[object] - options:ifExists
[boolean] - drops trigger only if it existscascade
[boolean] - drops also dependent objects
pgm.renameTrigger( table_name, old_trigger_name, new_trigger_name )
Rename a trigger - postgres docs
Arguments:
table_name
[string] - name of the table where the trigger livesold_trigger_name
[string] - old name of the triggernew_trigger_name
[string] - new name of the trigger
Schema Operations
pgm.createSchema( schema_name, schema_options )
Create a new schema - postgres docs
Arguments:
schema_name
[string] - name of the new schemaschema_options
[object] - options:ifNotExists
[boolean] - addsIF NOT EXISTS
clauseauthorization
[string] - alternative user to own new schema
Reverse Operation: dropSchema
pgm.dropSchema( schema_name, drop_options )
Drop a schema - postgres docs
Arguments:
schema_name
[string] - name of the schema to dropdrop_options
[object] - options:ifExists
[boolean] - drops schema only if it existscascade
[boolean] - drops also dependent objects
pgm.renameSchema( old_schema_name, new_schema_name )
Rename a schema - postgres docs
Arguments:
old_schema_name
[string] - old name of the schemanew_schema_name
[string] - new name of the schema
Domain Operations
pgm.createDomain( domain_name, type, options )
Create a new domain - postgres docs
Arguments:
domain_name
[string] - name of the new domaintype
[string] - type of the new domainoptions
[object] - options:default
[string] - default value of domaincollation
[string] - collation of data typenotNull
[boolean] - sets NOT NULL if true (not recommended)check
[string] - sql for a check constraint for this columnconstraintName
[string] - name for constraint
Reverse Operation: dropDomain
pgm.dropDomain( domain_name, drop_options )
Drop a domain - postgres docs
Arguments:
domain_name
[string] - name of the the domain to dropdrop_options
[object] - options:ifExists
[boolean] - drops domain only if it existscascade
[boolean] - drops also dependent objects
pgm.alterDomain( domain_name, type, options )
Alter a domain - postgres docs
Arguments:
domain_name
[string] - name of the new domainoptions
[object] - options:default
[string] - default value of domaincollation
[string] - collation of data typenotNull
[boolean] - sets NOT NULL if true or NULL if falseallowNull
[boolean] - sets NULL if true (alternative tonotNull
)check
[string] - sql for a check constraint for this columnconstraintName
[string] - name for constraint
pgm.renameDomain( old_domain_name, new_domain_name )
Rename a domain - postgres docs
Arguments:
old_domain_name
[string] - old name of the domainnew_domain_name
[string] - new name of the domain
Sequence Operations
pgm.createSequence( sequence_name, type, options )
Create a new sequence - postgres docs
Arguments:
sequence_name
[string] - name of the new sequenceoptions
[object] - options:temporary
[boolean] - addsTEMPORARY
clauseifNotExists
[boolean] - addsIF NOT EXISTS
clausetype
[string] - type of the sequenceincrement
[number] - sets first value of sequenceminvalue
[number or boolean] - sets minimum value of sequence orNO MINVALUE
(on false or null value)maxvalue
[number or boolean] - sets maximum value of sequencee orNO MAXVALUE
(on false or null value)start
[number] - sets first value of sequencecache
[number] - sets how many sequence numbers should be preallocatedcycle
[boolean] - addsCYCLE
orNO CYCLE
clause if option is presentowner
[string or boolean] - sets owner of sequence or no owner (on false or null value)
Reverse Operation: dropSequence
pgm.dropSequence( sequence_name, drop_options )
Drop a sequence - postgres docs
Arguments:
sequence_name
[string] - name of the the sequence to dropdrop_options
[object] - options:ifExists
[boolean] - drops sequence only if it existscascade
[boolean] - drops also dependent objects
pgm.alterSequence( sequence_name, options )
Alter a sequence - postgres docs
Arguments:
sequence_name
[string] - name of the new sequenceoptions
[object] - options:type
[string] - type of the sequenceincrement
[number] - sets first value of sequenceminvalue
[number or boolean] - sets minimum value of sequence orNO MINVALUE
(on false or null value)maxvalue
[number or boolean] - sets maximum value of sequencee orNO MAXVALUE
(on false or null value)start
[number] - sets first value of sequence (no effect until restart)restart
[number or boolean] - sets first value of sequence or usingstart
value (on true value)cache
[number] - sets how many sequence numbers should be preallocatedcycle
[boolean] - addsCYCLE
orNO CYCLE
clause if option is presentowner
[string or boolean] - sets owner of sequence or no owner (on false or null value)
pgm.renameSequence( old_sequence_name, new_sequence_name )
Rename a sequence - postgres docs
Arguments:
old_sequence_name
[string] - old name of the sequencenew_sequence_name
[string] - new name of the sequence
Operator Operations
pgm.createOperator( operator_name, options )
Create a new operator - postgres docs
Arguments:
operator_name
[string] - name of the new operatoroptions
[object] - options:procedure
[string] - name of procedure performing operationleft
[string] - type of left argumentright
[string] - type of right argumentcommutator
[string] - name of commutative operatornegator
[string] - name of negating operatorrestrict
[string] - name of restriction procedurejoin
[string] - name of join procedurehashes
[boolean] - addsHASHES
clausemerges
[boolean] - addsMERGES
clause
Reverse Operation: dropOperator
pgm.dropOperator( operator_name, drop_options )
Drop a operator - postgres docs
Arguments:
operator_name
[string] - name of the operator to dropdrop_options
[object] - options:ifExists
[boolean] - drops schema only if it existscascade
[boolean] - drops also dependent objectsleft
[string] - type of left argumentright
[string] - type of right argument
pgm.createOperatorClass( operator_class_name, type, index_method, operator_list, options )
Create a new operator class - postgres docs
Arguments:
operator_class_name
[string] - name of the new operator classtype
[string] - data type of the new operator classindex_method
[string] - name of the index method of operator classoperator_list
[array] - of operator objectsoptions
[object] - options:default
[boolean] - addsDEFAULT
clausefamily
[string] - type of left argument
Reverse Operation: dropOperatorClass
pgm.dropOperatorClass( operator_class_name, index_methoddrop_options )
Drop a operator class - postgres docs
Arguments:
operator_class_name
[string] - name of the operator class to dropindex_method
[string] - name of the index method of operator classdrop_options
[object] - options:ifExists
[boolean] - drops schema only if it existscascade
[boolean] - drops also dependent objects
pgm.renameOperatorClass( old_operator_class_name, index_method, new_operator_class_name )
Rename a operator class - postgres docs
Arguments:
old_operator_class_name
[string] - old name of the operator classindex_method
[string] - name of the index method of operator classnew_operator_class_name
[string] - new name of the operator class
pgm.createOperatorFamily( operator_family_name, index_method )
Create a new operator family - postgres docs
Arguments:
operator_family_name
[string] - name of the new operator familyindex_method
[string] - name of the index method of operator family
Reverse Operation: dropOperatorFamily
pgm.dropOperatorFamily( operator_family_name, index_methoddrop_options )
Drop a operator family - postgres docs
Arguments:
operator_family_name
[string] - name of the operator family to dropindex_method
[string] - name of the index method of operator familydrop_options
[object] - options:ifExists
[boolean] - drops schema only if it existscascade
[boolean] - drops also dependent objects
pgm.renameOperatorFamily( old_operator_family_name, index_method, new_operator_family_name )
Rename a operator family - postgres docs
Arguments:
old_operator_family_name
[string] - old name of the operator familyindex_method
[string] - name of the index method of operator familynew_operator_family_name
[string] - new name of the operator family
pgm.addToOperatorFamily( operator_family_name, index_method, operator_list )
Rename a operator family - postgres docs
Arguments:
operator_family_name
[string] - name of the operator familyindex_method
[string] - name of the index method of operator familyoperator_list
[array] - of operator objects
pgm.removeFromOperatorFamily( operator_family_name, index_method, operator_list )
Rename a operator family - postgres docs
Arguments:
operator_family_name
[string] - name of the operator familyindex_method
[string] - name of the index method of operator familyoperator_list
[array] - of operator objects
Operator List Definitions
Some functions for defining operators take as parameter operator_list
which is array of objects with following structure:
type
[string] -function
oroperator
number
[number] - indexname
[string] - name of operator or procedureparams
[array] - list of argument types of operator or procedure
Policies
pgm.createPolicy( tableName, policyName, options )
Create a new policy - postgres docs
Arguments:
tableName
[string] - name of the table to alterpolicyName
[string] - name of the new policyoptions
[object] - options:command
[string] -ALL
,SELECT
,INSERT
,UPDATE
, orDELETE
role
[string or array] - the role(s) to which the policy is to be appliedusing
[string] - SQL conditional expression for visibility checkcheck
[string] - SQL conditional expression for insert/update check
Reverse Operation: dropPolicy
pgm.dropPolicy( tableName, policyName, options )
Drop a policy - postgres docs
Arguments:
tableName
[string] - name of the table where the policy ispolicyName
[string] - name of the policy to deleteoptions
[object] - options:ifExists
[boolean] - drops policy only if it exists
pgm.alterPolicy( tableName, policyName, options )
Alter a policy - postgres docs
Arguments:
tableName
[string] - name of the table where the policy ispolicyName
[string] - name of the policy to alteroptions
[object] - options:role
[string or array] - the role(s) to which the policy is to be appliedusing
[string] - SQL conditional expression for visibility checkcheck
[string] - SQL conditional expression for insert/update check
pgm.renamePolicy( tableName, policyName, newPolicyName )
Rename a policy - postgres docs
Arguments:
tableName
[string] - name of the table where the policy ispolicyName
[string] - old name of the policynewPolicyName
[string] - new name of the policy
Views
pgm.createView( viewName, options, definition )
Create a new view - postgres docs
Arguments:
viewName
[string] - name of the new viewoptions
[object] - options:temporary
[boolean] - default falsereplace
[boolean] - default falserecursive
[boolean] - default falsecolumns
[string or array] - use if you want to name columns differently then inferred from definitioncheckOption
[string] -CASCADED
orLOCAL
definition
[string] - SQL of SELECT statement
Reverse Operation: dropView
pgm.dropView( viewName, options )
Drop a view - postgres docs
Arguments:
viewName
[string] - name of the view to deleteoptions
[object] - options:ifExists
[boolean] - drops view only if it existscascade
[boolean] - drops also dependent objects
pgm.alterView( viewName, options )
Alter a view - postgres docs
Arguments:
viewName
[string] - name of the view to alteroptions
[object] - options:checkOption
[string] -CASCADED
,LOCAL
ornull
to drop
pgm.alterViewColumn( viewName, columnName, options )
Alter a view column - postgres docs
Arguments:
viewName
[string] - name of the view to altercolumnName
[string] - name of the column to alteroptions
[object] - options:default
[string] - default value of column
pgm.renameView( viewName, newViewName )
Rename a view - postgres docs
Arguments:
viewName
[string] - old name of the viewnewViewName
[string] - new name of the view
Materialized Views
pgm.createMaterializedView( viewName, options, definition )
Create a new materialized view - postgres docs
Arguments:
viewName
[string] - name of the new materialized viewoptions
[object] - options:ifNotExists
[boolean] - default falsecolumns
[string or array] - use if you want to name columns differently then inferred from definitiontablespace
[string]storageParameters
[object] - key value pairs of Storage Parametersdata
[boolean] - default undefined
definition
[string] - SQL of SELECT statement
Reverse Operation: dropMaterializedView
pgm.dropMaterializedView( viewName, options )
Drop a materialized view - postgres docs
Arguments:
viewName
[string] - name of the view to deleteoptions
[object] - options:ifExists
[boolean] - drops view only if it existscascade
[boolean] - drops also dependent objects
pgm.alterMaterializedView( viewName, options )
Alter a materialized view - postgres docs
Arguments:
viewName
[string] - name of the view to alteroptions
[object] - options:cluster
[string] - index name for clusteringextension
[string] - name of extension view is dependent onstorageParameters
[object] - key value pairs of Storage Parameters
pgm.renameMaterializedView( viewName, newViewName )
Rename a materialized view - postgres docs
Arguments:
viewName
[string] - old name of the viewnewViewName
[string] - new name of the view
pgm.renameMaterializedViewColumn( viewName, columnName, newColumnName )
Rename a materialized view column - postgres docs
Arguments:
viewName
[string] - name of the view to altercolumnName
[string] - current column namenewColumnName
[string] - new column name
pgm.refreshMaterializedView( viewName, options )
Refreshes a materialized view - postgres docs
Arguments:
viewName
[string] - old name of the viewoptions
[object] - options:concurrently
[boolean] - default falsedata
[boolean] - default undefined
Miscellaneous Operations
pgm.sql( sql )
Run raw sql -- with some optional very basic mustache templating
Arguments:
sql
[string] - SQL query to runargs
[object] - (optional) key/val of arguments to replace
pgm.func( sql )
Inserts raw string, which is not escaped
e.g. pgm.func('CURRENT_TIMESTAMP')
to use in default
option for column definition
Arguments:
sql
[string] - string to not be escaped
pgm.db.query
and pgm.db.select
Allows to run DB queries with same DB connection migration is running See pg.Client.query
Returns promise with either result of query or returned rows of query (in case of select
).
Column Definitions
The createTable
and addColumns
methods both take a columns
argument that specifies column names and options. It is a object (key/value) where each key is the name of the column, and the value is another object that defines the options for the column.
type
[string] - data type (use normal postgres types)collation
[string] - collation of data typeunique
[boolean] - set to true to add a unique constraint on this columnprimaryKey
[boolean] - set to true to make this column the primary keynotNull
[boolean] - set to true to make this column not nulldefault
[string] - adds DEFAULT clause for column. Accepts null, a literal value, or apgm.func()
expression.check
[string] - sql for a check constraint for this columnreferences
[string] - a table name that this column is a foreign key toonDelete
[string] - adds ON DELETE constraint for a reference columnonUpdate
[string] - adds ON UPDATE constraint for a reference columnmatch
[string] -FULL
orSIMPLE
deferrable
[boolean] - flag for deferrable column constraintdeferred
[boolean] - flag for initially deferred deferrable column constraintcomment
[string] - adds comment on column
Data types & Convenience Shorthand
Data type strings will be passed through directly to postgres, so write types as you would if you were writing the queries by hand.
There are some aliases on types to make things more foolproof: (int, string, float, double, datetime, bool)
There is a shorthand to pass only the type instead of an options object:
pgm.addColumns('myTable', { age: 'integer' });
is equivalent to
pgm.addColumns('myTable', { age: { type: 'integer' } });
There is a shorthand for normal auto-increment IDs:
pgm.addColumns('myTable', { id: 'id' });
is equivalent to
pgm.addColumns('myTable', { id: { type: 'serial', primaryKey: true } });
Using schemas
Instead of passing string as name to pgm
functions, you can pass an object with keys schema
and name
. E.g.
pgm.createTable( {schema: 'my_schema', name: 'my_table_name'}, {id: 'serial'});
will generate
CREATE TABLE "my_schema"."my_table_name" (
"id" serial
);
Explanation & Goals
Why only Postgres? - By writing this migration tool specifically for postgres instead of accommadating many databases, we can actually provide a full featured tool that is much simpler to use and maintain. I was tired of using crippled database tools just in case one day we switch our database.
Async / Sync - Everything is async in node, and that's great, but a migration tool should really just be a fancy wrapper that generates SQL. Most other migration tools force you to bring in control flow libraries or wrap everything in callbacks as soon as you want to do more than a single operation in a migration. Plus by building up a stack of operations, we can automatically infer down migrations (sometimes) to save even more time.
Naming / Raw Sql - Many tools force you to use their constants to do things like specify data types. Again, this tool should be a fancy wrapper that generates SQL, so whenever possible, it should just pass through user values directly to the SQL. The hard part is remembering the syntax of the specific operation, not remembering how to type "timestamp"!
License
The MIT License (MIT)
Copyright (c) 2016 Jan Dolezel <[email protected]>
Copyright (c) 2014 Theo Ephraim
Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.