Str

JavaScript equivalent of Laravel Str helper.

Installation & setup

NPM

You can install the package via npm:

npm install @bjnstnkvc/str

and then import it into your project

import { Str } from '@bjnstnkvc/str'

CDN

You can install the package via jsDelivr CDN:

<script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/@bjnstnkvc/str/lib/main.min.js"></script>

Usage

Once imported, you can use these functions which provide a fluent interface to interact with Strings.

Strings

Str.after()

The Str.after method returns everything after the given value in a string. The entire string will be returned if the value does not exist within the string:

Str.after('This is my name', 'This is');

// ' my name'

Str.afterLast()

The Str.afterLast method returns everything after the last occurrence of the given value in a string. The entire string will be returned if the value does not exist within the string:

Str.afterLast('App\\Http\\Controllers\\Controller', '\\');

// 'Controller'

Str.apa()

The Str.apa method converts the given string to title case following the APA guidelines:

Str.apa('Creating A Project');

// 'Creating a Project'

Str.ascii()

The Str.ascii method will attempt to transliterate the string into an ASCII value:

Str.ascii('û');

// 'u'

Str.before()

The Str.before method returns everything before the given value in a string:

Str.before('This is my name', 'my name');

// 'This is '

Str.beforeLast()

The Str.beforeLast method returns everything before the last occurrence of the given value in a string:

Str.beforeLast('This is my name', 'is');

// 'This '

Str.between()

The Str.between method returns the portion of a string between two values:

Str.between('This is my name', 'This', 'name');

// ' is my '

Str.betweenFirst()

The Str.betweenFirst method returns the smallest possible portion of a string between two values:

Str.betweenFirst('[a] bc [d]', '[', ']');

// 'a'

Str.camel()

The Str.camel method converts the given string to camelCase:

Str.camel('foo_bar');

// 'fooBar'

Str.charAt()

The Str.charAt method returns the character at the specified index. If the index is out of bounds, false is returned:

Str.charAt('This is my name.', 6);

// 's'

Str.chopStart()

The Str.chopStart method removes the given string if it exists at the start of the subject:

Str.chopStart('Hello, world!', 'Hello, ');

// 'world!'

You may also pass an array of strings to remove the first matching string found at the start of the subject:

Str.chopStart('Hello, world!', ['Hi, ', 'Hello, ']);

// 'world!'

If multiple strings in the array are found at the start of the subject, only the first match will be removed:

Str.chopStart('Hello, Hello, world!', ['Hello, ', 'Hello, ']);

// 'Hello, world!'

Str.chopEnd()

The Str.chopEnd method removes the given string if it exists at the end of the subject:

Str.chopEnd('Hello, world!', ', world!');

// 'Hello'

You may also pass an array of strings to remove the first matching string found at the end of the subject:

Str.chopEnd('Hello, world!', ['planet!', ', world!']);

// 'Hello'

If multiple strings in the array are found at the end of the subject, only the first match will be removed:

Str.chopEnd('Hello, world!world!', ['world!', 'world!']);

// 'Hello, world!'

Str.contains()

The Str.contains method determines if the given string contains the given value. This method is case-sensitive:

Str.contains('This is my name', 'my');

// true

You may also pass an array of values to determine if the given string contains any of the values in the array:

Str.contains('This is my name', ['my', 'foo']);

// true

You may disable case sensitivity by setting the ignoreCase argument to true:

Str.contains('This is my name', 'MY', true);

// true

Str.containsAll()

The Str.containsAll method determines if the given string contains all the values in a given array:

Str.containsAll('This is my name', ['my', 'name']);

// true

You may disable case sensitivity by setting the ignoreCase argument to true:

Str.containsAll('This is my name', ['MY', 'NAME'], true);

// true

Str.doesntContain()

The Str.doesntContain method determines if the given string doesn't contain the given value. By default, this method is case-sensitive:

Str.doesntContain('This is name', 'my');

// true

You may also pass an array of values to determine if the given string doesn't contain any of the values in the array:

Str.doesntContain('This is my name', ['my', 'foo']);

// true

You may disable case sensitivity by setting the ignoreCase argument to true:

Str.doesntContain('This is my name', 'MY', true);

// false

Str.convertCase()

The Str.convertCase method converts the case of a string according the mode of conversion (defaults to MB_CASE_FOLD). Modes of conversion are:

MB_CASE_UPPER

Performs a full upper-case folding.

Str.convertCase('hello', Mode.MB_CASE_UPPER);

// HELLO

MB_CASE_LOWER

Performs a full lower-case folding.

Str.convertCase('HELLO', Mode.MB_CASE_UPPER);

// hello

MB_CASE_TITLE

Performs a full title-case conversion based on the Cased and CaseIgnorable derived Unicode properties.

Str.convertCase('a nice title uses the correct case', Mode.MB_CASE_TITLE);

// 'A Nice Title Uses The Correct Case'

MB_CASE_FOLD

Performs a full case fold conversion which removes case distinctions present in the string.

Str.convertCase('HeLLo', Mode.MB_CASE_FOLD);

// hello

Str.deduplicate()

The Str.deduplicate method replaces consecutive instances of a character with a single instance of that character in the given string. By default, the method deduplicates spaces:

Str.deduplicate('The   Laravel   Framework')

//  The Laravel Framework 

Str.deduplicate('The---Laravel---Framework', '-')

// The-Laravel-Framework

Str.endsWith()

The Str.endsWith method determines if the given string ends with the given value:

Str.endsWith('This is my name', 'name');

// true

You may also pass an array of values to determine if the given string ends with any of the values in the array:

Str.endsWith('This is my name', ['name', 'foo']);

// true

Str.endsWith('This is my name', ['this', 'foo']);

// false

Str.excerpt()

The Str.excerpt method extracts an excerpt from a given string that matches the first instance of a phrase within that string:

Str.excerpt('This is my name', 'my', { 'radius': 3 });

// '...is my na...'

The radius option, which defaults to 100, allows you to define the number of characters that should appear on each side of the truncated string. In addition, you may use the omission option to define the string that will be prepended and appended to the truncated string:

Str.excerpt('This is my name', 'name', { 'radius': 3, 'omission': '(...) ' });

// '(...) my name'

Str.finish()

The Str.finish method adds a single instance of the given value to a string if it does not already end with that value:

Str.finish('this/string', '/');

// 'this/string/'

Str.finish('this/string/', '/');

// 'this/string/'

Str.fromBase64()

The Str.fromBase64 method converts the given string from Base64:

Str.fromBase64('TGFyYXZlbA==');

// 'Laravel'

Str.headline()

The Str.headline method will convert strings delimited by casing, hyphens, or underscores into a space delimited string with each word's first letter capitalized:

Str.headline('steve_jobs');

// 'Steve Jobs'

Str.headline('EmailNotificationSent');

// 'Email Notification Sent'

Str.is()

The Str.is method determines if a given string matches a given pattern. Asterisks may be used as wildcard values:

Str.is('foo*', 'foobar');

// true

Str.is('baz*', 'foobar');

// false

Str.isAscii()

The Str.isAscii method determines if a given string is 7-bit ASCII:

Str.isAscii('Taylor');

// true

Str.isAscii('ü');

// false

Str.isJson()

The Str.isJson method determines if the given string is valid JSON:

Str.isJson('[1,2,3]');

// true

Str.isJson('{"first": "John", "last": "Doe"}');

// true

Str.isJson('{first: "John", last: "Doe"}');

// false

Str.isUrl()

The Str.isUrl method determines if the given string is a valid URL:

Str.isUrl('http://example.com');

// true

Str.isUrl('laravel');

// false

Str.isUlid()

The Str.isUlid method determines if the given string is a valid ULID:

Str.isUlid('01gd6r360bp37zj17nxb55yv40');

// true

Str.isUlid('laravel');

// false

Str.isUuid()

The Str.isUuid method determines if the given string is a valid UUID:

Str.isUuid('a0a2a2d2-0b87-4a18-83f2-2529882be2de');

// true

Str.isUuid('laravel');

// false

Str.kebab()

The Str.kebab method converts the given string to kebab-case:

Str.kebab('fooBar');

// 'foo-bar'

Str.lcfirst()

The Str.lcfirst method returns the given string with the first character lowercased:

Str.lcfirst('Foo Bar');

// 'foo Bar'

Str.length()

The Str.length method returns the length of the given string:

Str.length('Laravel');

// 7

Str.limit()

The Str.limit method truncates the given string to the specified length:

Str.limit('The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog', 20);

// 'The quick brown fox...'

You may pass a third argument to the method to change the string that will be appended to the end of the truncated string:

Str.limit('The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog', 20, ' (...)');

// 'The quick brown fox (...)'

You may pass a boolean as fourth argument to the method to ensure the truncation does not cut off in the middle of a word:

Str.limit('The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog', 18, '...', false);

// 'The quick brown fo...'

Str.limit('The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog', 18, '...', true);

// 'The quick brown...'

Str.lower()

The Str.lower method converts the given string to lowercase:

Str.lower('LARAVEL');

// 'laravel'

Str.mask()

The Str.mask method masks a portion of a string with a repeated character, and may be used to obfuscate segments of strings such as email addresses and phone numbers:

Str.mask('[email protected]', '*', 3);

// 'tay***************'

If needed, you provide a negative number as the third argument to the mask method, which will instruct the method to begin masking at the given distance from the end of the string:

Str.mask('[email protected]', '*', -15, 3);

// 'tay***@example.com'

Str.match

The Str.match method will return the portion of a string that matches a given regular expression pattern:

Str.match('/bar/', 'foo bar');

// 'bar'

Str.match('/foo (.*)/', 'foo bar');

// 'bar'

Str.matchAll

The Str.matchAll method will return an array containing the portions of a string that match a given regular expression pattern:

Str.matchAll('/bar/', 'bar foo bar');

// ['bar', 'bar']

If you specify a matching group within the expression, method will return an array of that group's matches:

Str.matchAll('/f(\\w*)/', 'bar fun bar fly');

// ['un', 'ly'];

If no matches are found, an empty array will be returned.

Str.isMatch

The Str.isMatch method will return true if the string matches a given regular expression:

Str.isMatch('/foo (.*)/', 'foo bar');

// true

Str.isMatch('/foo (.*)/', 'laravel');

// false

Str.numbers()

The Str.numbers method removes all non-numeric characters from a string:

Str.numbers('(555) 123-4567')

// 5551234567

Str.numbers('L4r4v3l!')

// 443

If no matches are found, an empty string will be returned.

Str.orderedUuid()

The Str.orderedUuid method generates a "timestamp first" UUID that may be efficiently stored in an indexed database column. Each UUID that is generated using this method will be sorted after UUIDs previously generated using the method:

Str.orderedUuid();

// '04fe4df5-7bae-45f4-8040-d0e4568f4054'

Str.padBoth()

The Str.padBoth pads both sides of a string with another string until the final string reaches a desired length:

Str.padBoth('James', 10, '_');

// '__James___'

Str.padBoth('James', 10);

// '  James   '

Str.padLeft()

The Str.padLeft pads the left side of a string with another string until the final string reaches a desired length:

Str.padLeft('James', 10, '-=');

// '-=-=-James'

Str.padLeft('James', 10);

// '     James'

Str.padRight()

The Str.padRight pads the right side of a string with another string until the final string reaches a desired length:

Str.padRight('James', 10, '-');

// 'James-----'

Str.padRight('James', 10);

// 'James     '

Str.password()

The Str.password method may be used to generate a secure, random password of a given length. The password will consist of a combination of letters, numbers, symbols, and spaces. By default, passwords are 32 characters long:

Str.password();

// 'EbJo2vE-AS:U,$%_gkrV4n,q~1xy/-_4'

Str.password(12);

// 'qwuar>#V|i]N'

Str.plural()

The Str.plural method converts a singular word string to its plural form.

Str.plural('car');

// 'cars'

Str.plural('child');

// 'children'

You may provide an integer as a second argument to the function to retrieve the singular or plural form of the string:

Str.plural('child', 2);

// 'children'

Str.plural('child', 1);

// 'child'

Str.pluralStudly()

The Str.pluralStudly method converts a singular word string formatted in studly caps case to its plural form.

Str.pluralStudly('VerifiedHuman');

// 'VerifiedHumans'

Str.pluralStudly('UserFeedback');

// 'UserFeedback'

You may provide an integer as a second argument to the function to retrieve the singular or plural form of the string:

Str.pluralStudly('VerifiedHuman', 2);

// 'VerifiedHumans'

Str.pluralStudly('VerifiedHuman', 1);

// 'VerifiedHuman'

Str.random()

The Str.random method generates a random string of the specified length:

Str.random(40);

Str.remove()

The Str.remove method removes the given value or array of values from the string:

Str.remove('e', 'Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers.');

// 'Ptr Pipr pickd a pck of pickld ppprs.'

You may also pass false as a third argument to the remove method to ignore case when removing strings.

Str.remove('E', 'Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers.', false);

// 'Ptr Pipr pickd a pck of pickld ppprs.'

Str.repeat()

The Str.repeat method repeats the given string:

Str.repeat('a', 5);

// 'aaaaa'

Str.replace()

The Str.replace method replaces a given string within the string:

Str.replace('9.x', '10.x', 'Laravel 10.x');

// 'Laravel 9.x'

The replace method also accepts a caseSensitive argument. By default, the replace method is case-sensitive:

Str.replace('framework', 'Laravel', 'Framework 10.x', false);

// 'Framework 10.x'

Str.replaceArray()

The Str.replaceArray method replaces a given value in the string sequentially using an array:

Str.replaceArray('?', ['8:30', '9:00'], 'The event will take place between ? and ?');

// 'The event will take place between 8:30 and 9:00'

Str.replaceFirst()

The Str.replaceFirst method replaces the first occurrence of a given value in a string:

Str.replaceFirst('the', 'a', 'the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog');

// 'a quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog'

Str.replaceLast()

The Str.replaceLast method replaces the last occurrence of a given value in a string:

Str.replaceLast('the', 'a', 'the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog');

// 'the quick brown fox jumps over a lazy dog'

Str.replaceMatches()

The Str.replaceMatches method replaces all portions of a string matching a pattern with the given replacement string:

Str.replaceMatches('/[^A-Za-z0-9]+/', '', '(+1) 501-555-1000')

// '15015551000'

The replaceMatches method also accepts a closure that will be invoked with each portion of the string matching the given pattern, allowing you to perform the replacement logic within the closure and return the replaced value:

Str.replaceMatches('/\\d/', (matches) => '[' + matches[0] + ']', '123');

// '[1][2][3]'

Str.replaceStart()

The Str.replaceStart method replaces the first occurrence of the given value only if the value appears at the start of the string:

Str.replaceStart('Hello', 'Laravel', 'Hello World');

// 'Laravel World'

Str.replaceStart('World', 'Laravel', 'Hello World');

// 'Hello World'

Str.replaceEnd()

The Str.replaceEnd method replaces the last occurrence of the given value only if the value appears at the end of the string:

Str.replaceEnd('World', 'Laravel', 'Hello World');

// 'Hello Laravel'

Str.replaceEnd('Hello', 'Laravel', 'Hello World');

// 'Hello World'

Str.reverse()

The Str.reverse method reverses the given string:

Str.reverse('Hello World');

// 'dlroW olleH'

Str.singular()

The Str.singular method converts a string to its singular form.

Str.singular('cars');

// 'car'

Str.singular('children');

// 'child'

Str.slug()

The Str.slug method generates a URL friendly "slug" from the given string:

Str.slug('Laravel 5 Framework', '-');

// 'laravel-5-framework'

Str.snake()

The Str.snake method converts the given string to snake_case:

Str.snake('fooBar');

// 'foo_bar'

Str.snake('fooBar', '-');

// 'foo-bar'

Str.squish()

The Str.squish method removes all extraneous white space from a string, including extraneous white space between words:

Str.squish('    laravel    framework    ');

// 'laravel framework'

Str.start()

The Str.start method adds a single instance of the given value to a string if it does not already start with that value:

Str.start('this/string', '/');

// '/this/string'

Str.start('/this/string', '/');

// '/this/string'

Str.startsWith()

The Str.startsWith method determines if the given string begins with the given value:

Str.startsWith('This is my name', 'This');

// true

If an array of possible values is passed, the startsWith method will return true if the string begins with any of the given values:

Str.startsWith('This is my name', ['This', 'That', 'There']);

// true

Str.studly()

The Str.studly method converts the given string to StudlyCase:

Str.studly('foo_bar');

// 'FooBar'

Str.substr()

The Str.substr method returns the portion of string specified by the start and length parameters:

Str.substr('The Laravel Framework', 4, 7);

// 'Laravel'

Str.substrCount()

The Str.substrCount method returns the number of occurrences of a given value in the given string:

Str.substrCount('If you like ice cream, you will like snow cones.', 'like');

// 2

Str.substrReplace()

The Str.substrReplace method replaces text within a portion of a string, starting at the position specified by the third argument and replacing the number of characters specified by the fourth argument. Passing 0 to the method's fourth argument will insert the string at the specified position without replacing any of the existing characters in the string:

Str.substrReplace('1300', ':', 2);

// '13:'

Str.substrReplace('1300', ':', 2, 0);
// '13:00'

Str.swap()

The Str.swap method replaces multiple values in the given string:

Str.swap({ 'Tacos': 'Burritos', 'great': 'fantastic' }, 'Tacos are great!');

// 'Burritos are fantastic!'

Str.title()

The Str.title method converts the given string to Title Case:

Str.title('a nice title uses the correct case');

// 'A Nice Title Uses The Correct Case'

Str.toBase64()

The Str.toBase64 method converts the given string to Base64:

Str.toBase64('Laravel');

// 'TGFyYXZlbA=='

Str.ucfirst()

The Str.ucfirst method returns the given string with the first character capitalized:

Str.ucfirst('foo bar');

// 'Foo bar'

Str.ucsplit()

The Str.ucsplit method splits the given string into an array by uppercase characters:

Str.ucsplit('FooBar');

// [0 => 'Foo', 1 => 'Bar']

Str.upper()

The Str.upper method converts the given string to uppercase:

Str.upper('laravel');

// 'LARAVEL'

Str.ulid()

The Str.ulid method generates a ULID, which is a compact, time-ordered unique identifier:

Str.ulid();

// '01gd6r360bp37zj17nxb55yv40'

Str.unwrap()

The Str.unwrap method removes the specified strings from the beginning and end of a given string:

Str.unwrap('-Laravel-', '-');

// 'Laravel'

Str.unwrap('{framework: "Laravel"}', '{', '}');

// 'framework: "Laravel"'

Str.uuid()

The Str.uuid method generates a UUID (version 4):

Str.uuid();

// '39923a8e-d504-42b5-894f-55e79e6632dd '

Str.wordCount()

The Str.wordCount method returns the number of words that a string contains:

Str.wordCount('Hello, world!');

// 2

Str.wordWrap()

The Str.wordWrap method wraps a string to a given number of characters:

Str.wordWrap('The quick brown fox jumped over the lazy dog.', 20, "<br />\n");

/*
The `quick` brown fox<br />
jumped over the lazy<br />
dog.
*/

Str.words()

The Str.words method limits the number of words in a string. An additional string may be passed to this method via its third argument to specify which string should be appended to the end of the truncated string:

Str.words('Perfectly balanced, as all things should be.', 3, ' >>>');

// 'Perfectly balanced, as >>>'

Str.wrap()

The Str.wrap method wraps the given string with an additional string or a pair of strings

Str.wrap('Laravel', '"');

// '"Laravel"'

Str.wrap('is', 'This ', ' Laravel!');

// 'This is Laravel!'

str()

The str function returns a Stringable instance of the given string.

import { str } from '@bjnstnkvc/str'

This function is equivalent to the Str.of method.

str('Taylor').append(' Otwell');

// 'Taylor Otwell'

Fluent Strings

Fluent strings provide a more fluent, object-oriented interface for working with string values, allowing you to chain multiple string operations together using a more readable syntax compared to traditional string operations.

after

The after method returns everything after the given value in a string. The entire string will be returned if the value does not exist within the string:

Str.of('This is my name').after('This is');

// ' my name'

afterLast

The afterLast method returns everything after the last occurrence of the given value in a string. The entire string will be returned if the value does not exist within the string:

Str.of('App\\Http\\Controllers\\Controller').afterLast('\\');

// 'Controller'

apa

The apa method converts the given string to title case following the APA guidelines:

Str.of('a nice title uses the correct case').apa();

// A Nice Title Uses the Correct Case

append

The append method appends the given values to the string:

Str.of('Taylor').append(' Otwell');

// 'Taylor Otwell'

ascii

The ascii method will attempt to transliterate the string into an ASCII value:

Str.of('ü').ascii();

// 'u'

basename

The basename method will return the trailing name component of the given string:

Str.of('/foo/bar/baz').basename();

// 'baz'

If needed, you may provide an "extension" that will be removed from the trailing component:

Str.of('/foo/bar/baz.jpg').basename('.jpg');

// 'baz'

before

The before method returns everything before the given value in a string:

Str.of('This is my name').before('my name');

// 'This is '

beforeLast

The beforeLast method returns everything before the last occurrence of the given value in a string:

Str.of('This is my name').beforeLast('is');

// 'This '

between

The between method returns the portion of a string between two values:

Str.of('This is my name').between('This', 'name');

// ' is my '

betweenFirst

The betweenFirst method returns the smallest possible portion of a string between two values:

Str.of('[a] bc [d]').betweenFirst('[', ']');

// 'a'

camel

The camel method converts the given string to camelCase:

Str.of('foo_bar').camel();

// 'fooBar'

charAt

The charAt method returns the character at the specified index. If the index is out of bounds, false is returned:

Str.of('This is my name.').charAt(6);

// 's'

chopStart

The chopStart method removes the given string if it exists at the start of the subject:

Str.of('Hello, world!').chopStart('Hello, ');

// 'world!'

You may also pass an array of strings to remove the first matching string found at the start of the subject:

Str.of('Hello, world!').chopStart(['Hi, ', 'Hello, ']);

// 'world!'

If multiple strings in the array are found at the start of the subject, only the first match will be removed:

Str.of('Hello, Hello, world!').chopStart(['Hello, ', 'Hello, ']);

// 'Hello, world!'

chopEnd

The chopEnd method removes the given string if it exists at the end of the subject:

Str.of('Hello, world!').chopEnd(', world!');

// 'Hello'

You may also pass an array of strings to remove the first matching string found at the end of the subject:

Str.of('Hello, world!').chopEnd(['planet!', ', world!']);

// 'Hello'

If multiple strings in the array are found at the end of the subject, only the first match will be removed:

Str.of('Hello, world!world!').chopEnd(['world!', 'world!']);

// 'Hello, world!'

classBasename

The classBasename method returns the class name of the given class with the class's namespace removed:

Str.of('Foo\\Bar\\Baz').classBasename();

// 'Baz'

contains

The contains method determines if the given string contains the given value. This method is case-sensitive:

Str.of('This is my name').contains('my');

// true

You may also pass an array of values to determine if the given string contains any of the values in the array:

Str.of('This is my name').contains(['my', 'foo']);

// true

You may disable case sensitivity by setting the ignoreCase argument to true:

Str.of('This is my name').contains('MY', true);

// true

containsAll

The containsAll method determines if the given string contains all the values in the given array:

Str.of('This is my name').containsAll(['my', 'name']);

// true

You may disable case sensitivity by setting the ignoreCase argument to true:

Str.of('This is my name').containsAll(['MY', 'NAME'], true);

// true

doesntContain

The doesntContain method determines if the given string doesn't contain the given value. By default, this method is case-sensitive:

Str.of('This is name').doesntContain('my');

// true

You may also pass an array of values to determine if the given string contains any of the values in the array:

Str.of('This is name').doesntContain(['my', 'foo']);

// true

You may disable case sensitivity by setting the ignoreCase argument to true:

Str.of('This is name').doesntContain('MY', true);

// true

convertCase

The Str.convertCase method converts the case of a string according the mode of conversion (defaults to MB_CASE_FOLD). Modes of conversion are:

MB_CASE_UPPER

Performs a full upper-case folding.

Str.of('hello').convertCase(Mode.MB_CASE_UPPER);

// HELLO

MB_CASE_LOWER

Performs a full lower-case folding.

Str.of('HELLO').convertCase(Mode.MB_CASE_UPPER);

// hello

MB_CASE_TITLE

Performs a full title-case conversion based on the Cased and CaseIgnorable derived Unicode properties.

Str.of('a nice title uses the correct case').convertCase(Mode.MB_CASE_TITLE);

// 'A Nice Title Uses The Correct Case'

MB_CASE_FOLD

Performs a full case fold conversion which removes case distinctions present in the string.

Str.of('HeLLo').convertCase(Mode.MB_CASE_FOLD);

// hello

deduplicate

The deduplicate method replaces consecutive instances of a character with a single instance of that character in the given string. By default, the method deduplicates spaces:

Str.of('The   Laravel   Framework').deduplicate()

//  The Laravel Framework 

Str.of('The---Laravel---Framework', '-').deduplicate()

// The-Laravel-Framework

dirname

The dirname method return the parent directory portion of the given string:

Str.of('/foo/bar/baz').dirname();

// '/foo/bar'

If necessary, you may specify how many directory levels you wish to trim from the string:

Str.of('/foo/bar/baz').dirname(2);

// '/foo'

excerpt

The excerpt method extracts an excerpt from the string that matches the first instance of a phrase within that string:

Str.of('This is my name').excerpt('my', { 'radius': 3 });

// '...is my na...'

The radius option, which defaults to 100, allows you to define the number of characters that should appear on each side of the truncated string. In addition, you may use the omission option to change the string that will be prepended and appended to the truncated string:

Str.of('This is my name').excerpt('name', { 'radius': 3, 'omission': '(...) ' });

// '(...) my name'

endsWith

The endsWith method determines if the given string ends with the given value:

Str.of('This is my name').endsWith('name');

// true

You may also pass an array of values to determine if the given string ends with any of the values in the array:

Str.of('This is my name').endsWith(['name', 'foo']);

// true

Str.of('This is my name').endsWith(['this', 'foo']);

// false

exactly

The exactly method determines if the given string is an exact match with another string:

Str.of('Laravel').exactly('Laravel');

// true

explode

The explode method splits the string by the given delimiter and returns an array containing each section of the split string:

Str.of('foo bar baz').explode(' ');

// ['foo', 'bar', 'baz']

finish

The finish method adds a single instance of the given value to a string if it does not already end with that value:

Str.of('this/string').finish('/');

// 'this/string/'

Str.of('this/string/').finish('/');

// 'this/string/'

fromBase64

The fromBase64 method converts the given string from Base64:

Str.of('TGFyYXZlbA==').fromBase64();

// 'Laravel'

headline

The headline method will convert strings delimited by casing, hyphens, or underscores into a space delimited string with each word's first letter capitalized:

Str.of('taylor_otwell').headline();

// 'Taylor Otwell'

Str.of('EmailNotificationSent').headline();

// 'Email Notification Sent'

is

The is method determines if a given string matches a given pattern. Asterisks may be used as wildcard values

Str.of('foobar').is('foo*');

// true

Str.of('foobar').is('baz*');

// false

isAscii

The isAscii method determines if a given string is an ASCII string:

Str.of('Taylor').isAscii();

// true

Str.of('ü').isAscii();

// false

isEmpty

The isEmpty method determines if the given string is empty:

Str.of('  ').trim().isEmpty();

// true

Str.of('Laravel').trim().isEmpty();

// false

isNotEmpty

The isNotEmpty method determines if the given string is not empty:

Str.of('  ').trim().isNotEmpty();

// false

Str.of('Laravel').trim().isNotEmpty();

// true

isJson

The isJson method determines if a given string is valid JSON:

Str.of('[1,2,3]').isJson();

// true

Str.of('{"first": "John", "last": "Doe"}').isJson();

// true

Str.of('{first: "John", last: "Doe"}').isJson();

// false

isUlid

The isUlid method determines if a given string is a ULID:

Str.of('01gd6r360bp37zj17nxb55yv40').isUlid();

// true

Str.of('Taylor').isUlid();

// false

isUrl

The isUrl method determines if a given string is a URL:

Str.of('http://example.com').isUrl();

// true

Str.of('Taylor').isUrl();

// false

isUuid

The isUuid method determines if a given string is a UUID:

Str.of('5ace9ab9-e9cf-4ec6-a19d-5881212a452c').isUuid();

// true

Str.of('Taylor').isUuid();

// false

kebab

The kebab method converts the given string to kebab-case:

Str.of('fooBar').kebab();

// 'foo-bar'

lcfirst

The lcfirst method returns the given string with the first character lowercased:

Str.of('Foo Bar').lcfirst();

// 'foo Bar'

length

The length method returns the length of the given string:

Str.of('Laravel').length();

// 7

limit

The limit method truncates the given string to the specified length:

Str.of('The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog').limit(20);

// 'The quick brown fox...'

You may also pass a second argument to change the string that will be appended to the end of the truncated string:

Str.of('The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog').limit(20, ' (...)');

// 'The quick brown fox (...)'

You may pass a boolean as fourth argument to the method to ensure the truncation does not cut off in the middle of a word:

Str.of('The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog').limit(18, '...', false);

// 'The quick brown fo...'

Str.of('The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog').limit(18, '...', true);

// 'The quick brown...'

lower

The lower method converts the given string to lowercase:

Str.of('LARAVEL').lower();

// 'laravel'

ltrim

The ltrim method trims the left side of the string:

Str.of('  Laravel  ').ltrim();

// 'Laravel  '

Str.of('/Laravel/').ltrim('/');

// 'Laravel/'

mask

The mask method masks a portion of a string with a repeated character, and may be used to obfuscate segments of strings such as email addresses and phone numbers:

Str.of('[email protected]').mask('*', 3);

// 'tay***************'

If needed, you may provide negative numbers as the third or fourth argument to the mask method, which will instruct the method to begin masking at the given distance from the end of the string:

Str.of('[email protected]').mask('*', -15, 3);

// 'tay***@example.com'

Str.of('[email protected]').mask('*', 4, -4);

// 'tayl**********.com'

match

The match method will return the portion of a string that matches a given regular expression pattern:

Str.of('foo bar').match('/bar/');

// 'bar'

Str.of('foo bar').match('/foo (.*)/');

// 'bar'

matchAll

The matchAll method will return an array containing the portions of a string that match a given regular expression pattern:

Str.of('bar foo bar').matchAll('/bar/');

// ['bar', 'bar']

If you specify a matching group within the expression, method will return an array of that group's matches:

Str.of('bar fun bar fly').matchAll('/f(\\w*)/');

// ['un', 'ly'];

If no matches are found, an empty array will be returned.

isMatch

The isMatch method will return true if the string matches a given regular expression:

Str.of('foo bar').isMatch('/foo (.*)/');

// true

Str.of('laravel').isMatch('/foo (.*)/');

// false

numbers

The numbers method removes all non-numeric characters from a string:

Str.of('(555) 123-4567').numbers();

// 5551234567

Str.of('L4r4v3l!').numbers();

// 443

If no matches are found, an empty string will be returned.

newLine

The newLine method appends an "end of line" character to a string:

Str.of('Laravel').newLine().append('Framework');

// 'Laravel
//  Framework'

padBoth

The padBoth method pads both sides of a string with another string until the final string reaches the desired length:

Str.of('James').padBoth(10, '_');

// '__James___'

Str.of('James').padBoth(10);

// '  James   '

padLeft

The padLeft pads the left side of a string with another string until the final string reaches the desired length:

Str.of('James').padLeft(10, '-=');

// '-=-=-James'

Str.of('James').padLeft(10);

// '     James'

padRight

The padRight method pads the right side of a string with another string until the final string reaches the desired length:

Str.of('James').padRight(10, '-');

// 'James-----'

Str.of('James').padRight(10);

// 'James     '

pipe

The pipe method allows you to transform the string by passing its current value to the given callable:

Str.of('Laravel').pipe('btoa').prepend('Base64 Encoded: ');

// 'Base64 Encoded: TGFyYXZlbA=='

Str.of('TGFyYXZlbA==').pipe('atob').prepend('Base64 Encoded: ');

// 'Base64 Decoded: Laravel'

Str.of('Laravel Framework').pipe('toUpperCase');

// 'LARAVEL FRAMEWORK'

Str.of('LARAVEL FRAMEWORK').pipe((string) => string.title());

// 'Laravel Framework'

Str.of('foo').pipe(string => 'bar');

// 'bar'

Or, if you are using TypeScript:

Str.of('LARAVEL FRAMEWORK').pipe((string: Stringable) => string.title());

// 'Laravel Framework'

Str.of('foo').pipe((string: Stringable) => 'bar');

// 'bar'

plural

The plural method converts a singular word string to its plural form.

Str.of('car').plural();

// 'cars'

Str.of('child').plural();

// 'children'

You may provide an integer as a second argument to the function to retrieve the singular or plural form of the string:

Str.of('child').plural(2);

// 'children'

Str.of('child').plural(1);

// 'child'

position

The position method returns the position of the first occurrence of a substring in a string. If the substring does not exist within the string, false is returned:

Str.of('Hello, World!').position('Hello');

// 0

Str.of('Hello, World!').position('W');

// 7

You may provide an integer as a second argument to the function to retrieve the singular or plural form of the string:

Str.of('child').plural(2);

// 'children'

Str.of('child').plural(1);

// 'child'

prepend

The prepend method prepends the given values onto the string:

Str.of('Framework').prepend('Laravel ');

// 'Laravel Framework'

remove

The remove method removes the given value or array of values from the string:

Str.of('Arkansas is quite beautiful!').remove('quite ');

// 'Arkansas is beautiful!'

You may also pass false as a second parameter to ignore case when removing strings.

repeat

The repeat method repeats the given string:

Str.of('a').repeat(5);

// 'aaaaa'

replace

The replace method replaces a given string within the string:

Str.of('Laravel 9.x').replace('9.x', '10.x');

// 'Laravel 10.x'

The replace method also accepts a caseSensitive argument. By default, the replace method is case-sensitive:

Str.of('macOS 13.x').replace('macOS', 'iOS', false);

replaceArray

The replaceArray method replaces a given value in the string sequentially using an array:

Str.of('The event will take place between ? and ?').replaceArray('?', ['8:30', '9:00']);

// 'The event will take place between 8:30 and 9:00'

replaceFirst

The replaceFirst method replaces the first occurrence of a given value in a string:

Str.of('the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog').replaceFirst('the', 'a');

// 'a quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog'

replaceLast

The replaceLast method replaces the last occurrence of a given value in a string:

Str.of('the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog').replaceLast('the', 'a');

// 'the quick brown fox jumps over a lazy dog'

replaceMatches

The replaceMatches method replaces all portions of a string matching a pattern with the given replacement string:

Str.of('(+1) 501-555-1000').replaceMatches('/[^A-Za-z0-9]+/', '');

// '15015551000'

The replaceMatches method also accepts a closure that will be invoked with each portion of the string matching the given pattern, allowing you to perform the replacement logic within the closure and return the replaced value:

Str.of('123').replaceMatches('/\\d/', (match) => '[' + match[0] + ']');

// '[1][2][3]'

replaceStart

The replaceStart method replaces the first occurrence of the given value only if the value appears at the start of the string:

Str.of('Hello World').replaceStart('Hello', 'Laravel');

// 'Laravel World'

Str.of('Hello World').replaceStart('World', 'Laravel');

// 'Hello World'

replaceEnd

The replaceEnd method replaces the last occurrence of the given value only if the value appears at the end of the string:

Str.of('Hello World').replaceEnd('World', 'Laravel');

// 'Hello Laravel'

Str.of('Hello World').replaceEnd('Hello', 'Laravel');

// 'Hello World'

rtrim

The rtrim method trims the right side of the given string:

Str.of('  Laravel  ').rtrim();

// '  Laravel'

Str.of('/Laravel/').rtrim('/');

// '/Laravel'

singular

The singular method converts a string to its singular form.

Str.of('cars').singular();

// 'car'

Str.of('children').singular();

// 'child'

slug

The slug method generates a URL friendly "slug" from the given string:

Str.of('Laravel Framework').slug('-');

// 'laravel-framework'

snake

The snake method converts the given string to snake_case:

Str.of('fooBar').snake();

// 'foo_bar'

split

The split method splits a string into an array using a regular expression:

Str.of('one, two, three').split('/[\s,]+/');

// ["one", "two", "three"]

squish

The squish method removes all extraneous white space from a string, including extraneous white space between words:

Str.of('    laravel    framework    ').squish();

// 'laravel framework'

start

The start method adds a single instance of the given value to a string if it does not already start with that value:

Str.of('this/string').start('/');

// '/this/string'

Str.of('/this/string').start('/');

// '/this/string'

startsWith

The startsWith method determines if the given string begins with the given value:

Str.of('This is my name').startsWith('This');

// true

studly

The studly method converts the given string to StudlyCase:

Str.of('foo_bar').studly();

// 'FooBar'

substr

The substr method returns the portion of the string specified by the given start and length parameters:

Str.of('Laravel Framework').substr(8);

// 'Framework'

Str.of('Laravel Framework').substr(8, 5);

// 'Frame'

substrReplace

The substrReplace method replaces text within a portion of a string, starting at the position specified by the second argument and replacing the number of characters specified by the third argument. Passing 0 to the method's third argument will insert the string at the specified position without replacing any of the existing characters in the string:

Str.of('1300').substrReplace(':', 2);

// '13:'

Str.of('The Framework').substrReplace(' Laravel', 3, 0);

// 'The Laravel Framework'

swap

The swap method replaces multiple values in the string:

Str.of('Tacos are great!').swap({ 'Tacos': 'Burritos', 'great': 'fantastic' });

// 'Burritos are fantastic!'

take

The take method returns a specified number of characters from the beginning of the string:

Str.of('Build something amazing!').take(5);

// 'Build'

tap

The tap method passes the string to the given closure, allowing you to examine and interact with the string while not affecting the string itself. The original string is returned by the tap method regardless of what is returned by the closure:

Str.of('Laravel')
    .append(' Framework')
    .tap((string) => string.dump())
    .upper();

// 'LARAVEL FRAMEWORK'

Or, if you are using TypeScript:

Str.of('Laravel')
    .append(' Framework')
    .tap((string: Stringable) => string.dump())
    .upper();

// 'LARAVEL FRAMEWORK'

test

The test method determines if a string matches the given regular expression pattern:

Str.of('Laravel Framework').test('/Laravel/');

// true

title

The title method converts the given string to Title Case:

Str.of('a nice title uses the correct case').title();

// 'A Nice Title Uses The Correct Case'

toBase64

The toBase64 method converts the given string to Base64:

Str.of('Laravel').toBase64();

// 'TGFyYXZlbA=='

toHtmlString

The toHtmlString method converts the string instance to an instance of HTMLElement, which may be displayed in HTML:

Str.of('<input type="text" placeholder="Hello">').toHtmlString();

<input type="text" placeholder="Hello">

If no valid HTML is provided to the method, the method returns an instance of string:

Str.of('Hello').toHtmlString();

// 'Hello'

trim

The trim method trims the given string:

Str.of('  Laravel  ').trim();

// 'Laravel'

Str.of('/Laravel/').trim('/');

// 'Laravel'

ucfirst

The ucfirst method returns the given string with the first character capitalized:

Str.of('foo bar').ucfirst();

// 'Foo bar'

ucsplit

The ucsplit method splits the given string into an array by uppercase characters:

Str.of('Foo Bar').ucsplit();

// ['Foo', 'Bar']

unwrap

The unwrap method removes the specified strings from the beginning and end of a given string:

Str.of('-Laravel-').unwrap('-');

// 'Laravel'

Str.of('{framework: "Laravel"}').unwrap('{', '}');

// 'framework: "Laravel"'

upper

The upper method converts the given string to uppercase:

Str.of('laravel').upper();

// 'LARAVEL'

when

The when method invokes the given closure if a given condition is true. The closure will receive the fluent string instance:

Str.of('Taylor').when(true, (string) => string.append(' Otwell'));

// 'Taylor Otwell'

Or, if you are using TypeScript:

Str.of('Taylor').when(true, (string: Stringable) => string.append(' Otwell'));

// 'Taylor Otwell'

unless

The unless method invokes the given closure if a given condition is false. The closure will receive the fluent string instance:

Str.of('Taylor').unless(false, (string) => string.append(' Otwell'));

// 'Taylor Otwell'

Or, if you are using TypeScript:

Str.of('Taylor').unless(false, (string: Stringable) => string.append(' Otwell'));

// 'Taylor Otwell'

If necessary, you may pass another closure as the third parameter to the unless method. This closure will execute if the condition parameter evaluates to true.

whenContains

The whenContains method invokes the given closure if the string contains the given value. The closure will receive the fluent string instance:

Str.of('tony stark').whenContains('tony', (string) => string.title());

// 'Tony Stark'

Or, if you are using TypeScript:

Str.of('tony stark').whenContains('tony', (string: Stringable) => string.title());

// 'Tony Stark'

If necessary, you may pass another closure as the third parameter to the when method. This closure will execute if the string does not contain the given value. You may also pass an array of values to determine if the given string contains any of the values in the array:

Str.of('tony stark').whenContains(['tony', 'hulk'], (string) => string.title());

// Tony Stark

Or, if you are using TypeScript:

Str.of('tony stark').whenContains(['tony', 'hulk'], (string: Stringable) => string.title());

// Tony Stark

whenContainsAll

The whenContainsAll method invokes the given closure if the string contains all the given sub-strings. The closure will receive the fluent string instance:

Str.of('tony stark').whenContainsAll(['tony', 'stark'], (string) => string.title());

// 'Tony Stark'

Or, if you are using TypeScript:

Str.of('tony stark').whenContainsAll(['tony', 'stark'], (string: Stringable) => string.title());

// 'Tony Stark'

If necessary, you may pass another closure as the third parameter to the when method. This closure will execute if the condition parameter evaluates to false.

whenEmpty

The whenEmpty method invokes the given closure if the string is empty. If the closure returns a value, that value will also be returned by the whenEmpty method. If the closure does not return a value, the fluent string instance will be returned:

Str.of('  ').whenEmpty((string) => string.trim().prepend('Laravel'));

// 'Laravel'

Or, if you are using TypeScript:

Str.of('  ').whenEmpty((string: Stringable) => string.trim().prepend('Laravel'));

// 'Laravel'

whenNotEmpty

The whenNotEmpty method invokes the given closure if the string is not empty. If the closure returns a value, that value will also be returned by the whenNotEmpty method. If the closure does not return a value, the fluent string instance will be returned:

Str.of('Framework').whenNotEmpty((string) => string.prepend('Laravel '));

// 'Laravel Framework'

Or, if you are using TypeScript:

Str.of('Framework').whenNotEmpty((string: Stringable) => string.prepend('Laravel '));

// 'Laravel Framework'

whenStartsWith

The whenStartsWith method invokes the given closure if the string starts with the given sub-string. The closure will receive the fluent string instance:

Str.of('disney world').whenStartsWith('disney', (string) => string.title());

// 'Disney World'

Or, if you are using TypeScript:

Str.of('disney world').whenStartsWith('disney', (string: Stringable) => string.title());

// 'Disney World'

whenEndsWith

The whenEndsWith method invokes the given closure if the string ends with the given sub-string. The closure will receive the fluent string instance:

Str.of('disney world').whenEndsWith('world', (string) => string.title());

// 'Disney World'

Or, if you are using TypeScript:

Str.of('disney world').whenEndsWith('world', (string: Stringable) => string.title());

// 'Disney World'

whenExactly

The whenExactly method invokes the given closure if the string exactly matches the given string. The closure will receive the fluent string instance:

Str.of('laravel').whenExactly('laravel', (string) => string.title());

// 'Laravel'

Or, if you are using TypeScript:

Str.of('laravel').whenExactly('laravel', (string: Stringable) => string.title());

// 'Laravel'

whenNotExactly

The whenNotExactly method invokes the given closure if the string does not exactly match the given string. The closure will receive the fluent string instance:

Str.of('framework').whenNotExactly('laravel', (string) => string.title());

// 'Framework'

Or, if you are using TypeScript:

Str.of('framework').whenNotExactly('laravel', (string: Stringable) => string.title());

// 'Framework'

whenIs

The whenIs method invokes the given closure if the string matches a given pattern. Asterisks may be used as wildcard values. The closure will receive the fluent string instance:

Str.of('foo/bar').whenIs('foo/*', (string) => string.append('/baz'));

// 'foo/bar/baz'

Or, if you are using TypeScript:

Str.of('foo/bar').whenIs('foo/*', (string: Stringable) => string.append('/baz'));

// 'foo/bar/baz'

whenIsAscii

The whenIsAscii method invokes the given closure if the string is 7-bit ASCII. The closure will receive the fluent string instance:

Str.of('laravel').whenIsAscii((string) => string.title());

// 'Laravel'

Or, if you are using TypeScript:

Str.of('laravel').whenIsAscii((string: Stringable) => string.title());

// 'Laravel'

whenIsUlid

The whenIsUlid method invokes the given closure if the string is a valid ULID. The closure will receive the fluent string instance:

Str.of('01gd6r360bp37zj17nxb55yv40').whenIsUlid((string) => string.substr(0, 8));

// '01gd6r36'

Or, if you are using TypeScript:

Str.of('01gd6r360bp37zj17nxb55yv40').whenIsUlid((string: Stringable) => string.substr(0, 8));

// '01gd6r36'

whenIsUuid

The whenIsUuid method invokes the given closure if the string is a valid UUID. The closure will receive the fluent string instance:

Str.of('a0a2a2d2-0b87-4a18-83f2-2529882be2de').whenIsUuid((string) => string.substr(0, 8));

// 'a0a2a2d2'

Or, if you are using TypeScript:

Str.of('a0a2a2d2-0b87-4a18-83f2-2529882be2de').whenIsUuid((string: Stringable) => string.substr(0, 8));

// 'a0a2a2d2'

whenTest

The whenTest method invokes the given closure if the string matches the given regular expression. The closure will receive the fluent string instance:

Str.of('laravel framework').whenTest('/laravel/', (string) => string.title());

// 'Laravel Framework'

Or, if you are using TypeScript:

Str.of('laravel framework').whenTest('/laravel/', (string: Stringable) => string.title());

// 'Laravel Framework'

wordCount

The wordCount method returns the number of words that a string contains:

Str.of('Hello, world!').wordCount();

// 2

words

The words method limits the number of words in a string. If necessary, you may specify an additional string that will be appended to the truncated string:

Str.of('Perfectly balanced, as all things should be.').words(3, ' >>>');

// 'Perfectly balanced, as >>>'

Miscellaneous

dd

The dd method dumps the given string and end execution of the script:

Str.of('Laravel').dd();

// 'Laravel'

If you do not want to halt the execution of your script, use the dump function instead.

dump

The dump method dumps the given string to the console:

Str.of('Laravel').dump();

// 'Laravel'

toString

Get the raw string value.

Str.of('Laravel').toString();

// 'Laravel'

toInteger

The toInteger method returns the underlying string value as an integer.

Str.of('1').toInteger();

// 1

Str.of('Laravel').toInteger();

// 0

In case the underlying string value is not a number, method will return 0.

toFloat

The toFloat method returns underlying string value as a float.

Str.of('1.5').toFloat();

// 1.5

Str.of('Laravel').toFloat();

// 0

In case the underlying string value is not a number, method will return 0.

toBoolean

The toBoolean method returns underlying string value as a boolean.

Str.of('true').toBoolean();

// true

Str.of('Laravel').toBoolean();

// false

The toBoolean method returns true when value is 1, true, on, and yes. Otherwise, returns false.

toDate

Get the underlying string value as a formatted Date string.

Str.of('13 September 2023, 12:00 PM').toDate();

// 9/13/2023, 12:00:00

You may provide a string as a second and/or third argument to the function in order to format the date and set the Timezone respectively:

Str.of('13 September 2023, 12:00 PM').toDate('Y-m-d H:i:s', 'Europe/London');

// '2023-09-13 11:00:00'

Str.of('13 September 2023, 12:00 PM').toDate('Y-m-d H:i:s', 'America/Toronto');

// '2023-09-13 06:00:00'

Table of all format options and their examples can be found below:

| Format character | Description | Example | |------------------|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|-----------------------------------------| | d | Day of the month, 2 digits with leading zeros. | 01 to 31 | | D | A textual representation of a day, three letters. | Mon through Sun | | j | Day of the month without leading zeros. | 1 to 31 | | l | A full textual representation of the day of the week. | Sunday through Saturday | | N | ISO 8601 numeric representation of the day of the week. | 1 (for Monday) through 7 (for Sunday) | | S | English ordinal suffix for the day of the month, 2 characters. | st, nd, rd or th | | w | Numeric representation of the day of the week. | 0 (for Sunday) through 6 (for Saturday) | | z | Numeric representation of the day of the week. | The day of the year (starting from 0) | | W | ISO 8601 week number of year, weeks starting on Monday. | 42 (the 42nd week in the year) | | F | A full textual representation of a month, such as January or March. | January through December | | m | Numeric representation of a month, with leading zeros. | 01 through 12 | | M | A short textual representation of a month, three letters. | Jan through Dec | | n | Numeric representation of a month, without leading zeros. | 1 through 12 | | t | Number of days in the given month. | 28 through 31 | | L | Whether it's a leap year. | 1 if it is a leap year, 0 otherwise | | o | IS