@antv/layout-wasm

A WASM binding of @antv/layout-rust. We used wasm-bindgen-rayon to implement data parallelism with WebWorkers.

• Online benchmarks
• Use with Webpack
• Use with Vite

Besides 2D, we also support force-directed layouts in 3D.

Now we support the following layouts:

• ForceAtlas2
• Fruchterman
• Force
• Dagre

Usage

Since cross origin workers are blocked, we do not recommand the UMD way of using it for now. You can opt to ESM usage with bundler such as Webpack or Vite.

ESM

import { initThreads, supportsThreads } from "@antv/layout-wasm";

Since Not all browsers support WebAssembly threads yet, we need to use feature detection to choose the right one on the JavaScript side.

const supported = await supportsThreads(); // `true` means we can use multithreads now!
const threads = await initThreads(supported);

Then we can execute layout algorithm as usual, don't forget to pass in threads created in the previous step:

import { Graph } from "@antv/graphlib";
import { ForceAtlas2 } from "@antv/layout-wasm";

const forceatlas2 = new ForceAtlas2({
  threads,
  maxIteration: 1000,
  // ...other params
});

const { nodes } = await forceatlas2.execute(graph);

Use WASM with multithreads

First of all, in order to use SharedArrayBuffer on the Web, you need to enable cross-origin isolation policies. Check out the linked article for details.

To opt in to a cross-origin isolated state, you need to send the following HTTP headers on the main document:

Cross-Origin-Embedder-Policy: require-corp
Cross-Origin-Opener-Policy: same-origin

If you can't control the server, try this hacky workaround which implemented with ServiceWorker: https://github.com/orgs/community/discussions/13309#discussioncomment-3844940. Here's an example on Stackblitz.

Webpack

Webpack has good support for Webworker, here's an example on Stackblitz. We use statikk as static server in this example since it has a good support of cross-origin isolation headers. For more information, please refer to Use WASM with multithreads.

Vite

Vite also provides worker options in its config. To let Vite process URL correctly when creating WebWorker in third-party packages, we need to add the package to optimizeDeps.exclude:

// vite.config.js
optimizeDeps: {
  exclude: ['@antv/layout-wasm'],
},

To enable COOP & COEP headers, we can set them with plugins:

// vite.config.js
plugins: [
  {
    name: 'isolation',
    configureServer(server) {
      // @see https://gist.github.com/mizchi/afcc5cf233c9e6943720fde4b4579a2b
      server.middlewares.use((_req, res, next) => {
        res.setHeader('Cross-Origin-Opener-Policy', 'same-origin');
        res.setHeader('Cross-Origin-Embedder-Policy', 'require-corp');
        next();
      });
    },
  },
],

Here's a complete example on Stackblitz.

If you can't control the server, try this hacky workaround which implemented with ServiceWorker: https://github.com/orgs/community/discussions/13309#discussioncomment-3844940

API Reference

Common force-directed layout options

• center [number, number] | [number, number, number] The center of the graph. e.g. [0, 0] or [0, 0, 0] in 3-dimensional scene.
• maxIteration number
• minMovement number When the average/minimum/maximum (according to distanceThresholdMode) movement of nodes in one iteration is smaller than minMovement, terminate the layout.
• distanceThresholdMode 'mean' | 'max' ｜ 'min' The condition to judge with minMovement, 'mean' means the layout stops while the nodes' average movement is smaller than minMovement, 'max' / 'min' means the layout stops while the nodes' maximum/minimum movement is smaller than minMovement. 'mean' by default
• maxDistance number If distance is specified, sets the maximum distance between nodes over which this force is considered. If distance is not specified, returns the current maximum distance, which defaults to Infinity. Specifying a finite maximum distance improves performance and produces a more localized layout.
• dimensions number Dimensions of coordinates, default to 2.

ForceAtlas2

FA2 is a kind of force directed layout, which performs better on the convergence and compactness.

LayoutOptions:

• kr number Repulsive parameter, smaller the kr, more compact the graph. The default value is 5.
• kg number The parameter for the gravity. Larger kg, the graph will be more compact to the center. The default value is 5.
• ks number The moving speed of the nodes during iterations. The default value is 0.1.
• tao number The threshold of the swinging. The default value is 0.1.
• preventOverlap boolean
• dissuadeHubs boolean Wheather to enable hub mode. If it is true, the nodes with larger in-degree will be placed on the center in higher priority.
• barnesHut boolean Whether to enable the barnes hut speedup, which is the quad-tree optimization. Due to the computation for quad-tree re-build in each iteration, we sugguest to enable it in large graph. It is undefined by deafult, when the number of nodes is larger than 250, it will be activated automatically. If it is set to be false, it will not be activated anyway.

Fruchterman

Fruchterman is a kind of force-directed layout. The implementation is according to the paper Graph Drawing by Force-directed Placement.

LayoutOptions:

• width number The width of the graph.
• height number The height of the graph.
• gravity number The gravity, which will affect the compactness of the layout. The default value is 10.
• speed number The moving speed of each iteraction. Large value of the speed might lead to violent swing.
• clustering boolean We can also layout according to nodeClusterBy field in data when enable clustering.
• clusterGravity The gravity of each cluster, which will affect the compactness of each cluster. The default value is 10.

Force

Force2 implements the force-directed layout algorithm. It comes from graphin-force, supports assign different masses and center gravities for different nodes freedomly. Comparing to graphin-force, the performance is improved greatly.

LayoutOptions:

• linkDistance number The edge length. The default length is 200.
• nodeStrength number The strength of node force. Positive value means repulsive force, negative value means attractive force (it is different from 'force'). The default value is 1000.
• edgeStrength number The strength of edge force. Calculated according to the degree of nodes by default. The default value is 200.
• preventOverlap boolean
• nodeSize number The diameter of the node. It is used for preventing node overlappings. If nodeSize is not assigned, the size property in node data will take effect. If the size in node data does not exist either, nodeSize is assigned to 10 by default.
• nodeSpacing number The minimum space between two nodes when preventOverlap is true. The default value is 0.
• damping number Range [0, 1], affect the speed of decreasing node moving speed. Large the number, slower the decreasing. The default value is 0.9.
• interval number Controls the speed of the nodes' movement in each iteration. The default value is 0.02.
• maxSpeed number The max speed in each iteration. The default value is 1000.
• force number Coefficient for the repulsive force. Larger the number, larger the repulsive force.
• coulombDisScale number A parameter for repulsive force between nodes. Large the number, larger the repulsion. The default value is 0.005.
• gravity number The gravity strength to the center for all the nodes. Larger the number, more compact the nodes. The default value is 10.

Dagre

Dagre is an hierarchical layout.

LayoutOptions:

• begin [number, number] The position for the left-top of the layout.
• rankdir 'TB' | 'BT' | 'LR' | 'RL' The layout direction, defaults to 'TB'.
• align 'UL' | 'UR' | 'DL' | 'DR' The alignment of the nodes, defaults to 'UL'
• nodesep number The separation between nodes with unit px. When rankdir is 'TB' or 'BT', nodesep represents the horizontal separations between nodes; When rankdir is 'LR' or 'RL', nodesep represents the vertical separations between nodes. Defaults to 50.
• ranksep number The separations between adjacent levels with unit px. When rankdir is 'TB' or 'BT', ranksep represents the vertical separations between adjacent levels; when rankdir is 'LR' or 'RL', rankdir represents the horizontal separations between adjacent levels. Defaults to 50.

Benchmarks

Since WASM can be executed on both Node.js and browser sides, we use benchmark.js and Chrome.

Here's my local enviroment:

• MacBook Pro (13-inch, M1, 2020)
• Node.js v14.18.0
• Chrome 109.0.5414.119

We compare the WASM version with graphology & @antv/[email protected].

Node.js

Build WASM and execute scripts under /benchmarks, you will see the following output in terminal.

$ npm run build
$ npm run benchmarks

500 nodes / 1000 edges / 100 iterations / ～ 5x speedup

Graphology x 3.75 ops/sec ±4.86% (14 runs sampled)
@antv/layout x 0.99 ops/sec ±10.48% (7 runs sampled)
@antv/layout-wasm x 17.23 ops/sec ±3.59% (33 runs sampled)

Fastest is @antv/layout-wasm

2000 nodes / 2000 edges / 100 iterations / ～ 2x speedup

Graphology x 0.47 ops/sec ±13.38% (6 runs sampled)
@antv/layout x 0.06 ops/sec ±15.28% (5 runs sampled)
@antv/layout-wasm x 1.09 ops/sec ±3.00% (7 runs sampled)

Fastest is @antv/layout-wasm

Browser

Build WASM and start a local devserver.

$ npm run build
$ npm run demo

Go to http://localhost:9093/demo/index.html and you will see the following output in console.

Layout Graphology: 32.93115234375 ms
Layout WASM singlethread: 67.17724609375 ms
Layout WASM multithread: 112.954833984375 ms

| Nodes / Edges / Iterations | WASM single thread | WASM multi-thread | graphology | | -------------------------- | ------------------ | ----------------- | ---------- | | 5000 / 8000 / 100 | 4412 | 7022 | 11699 | | 5000 / 5000 / 100 | 2817 | 6963 | 9991 | | 2000 / 2000 / 100 | 652 | 1248 | 1745 | | 100 / 800 / 100 | 112 | 67 | 32 |

It can be seen that:

• WASM has no advantage at small data sizes
• WASM especially the multi-threaded version, has a roughly 3x improvement over the JS serial version for larger data volumes
• But the multi-threaded version of WASM requires additional server-side configuration

Build

Install wasm-pack first.

Then run the command npm run build, the compiled package will be outputted under the /dist directory.

$ npm run build

Publish

$ npm publish

License

The scripts and documentation in this project are released under the MIT License.